Uhlolojikelele Lwezinqubo Zokuhlinza
Uma udinga inqubo yokuhlinza-futhi udokotela omkhulu wokuhlinza-kubalulekile ukuqonda uhlobo lohlinzayo ozoyidingayo. Ukwazi uhlobo lohlinzayo oludingayo kubalulekile ekukhetheni umuntu ofanele umsebenzi. Ukuba udokotela akwanele ukufanelekela umuntu ukuba enze ukuhlinzwa kwakho-badinga ukuba uhlobo olufanele lohlinzayo. Futhi bonke odokotela abahlinzayo abafani.
Ubani Ongayenza Ukuhlinzwa Kwakho?
Ezimweni eziningi, kukhona uhlobo oluthile lomhlinzeki ohlinzayo okufanele enze inqubo yakho. Isibonelo, uma usuphukile umlenze wakho, udinga ohlinzayo wamazinyo ogxile ezindabeni zethambo.
Ngenkathi kuvame ukucaca ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesidokotela ohlinzayo oludingekayo, kunezindawo lapho iziphiwo ezikhethekile ezihlinzayo zisebenza khona. Isibonelo esihle salokhu ukuhlinzekwa komgogodla, okungenziwa yizibili ze-neurosurgeons kanye nodokotela bamazinyo .
I-neurosurgeon ingase ifaneleke kakhulu ukuhlinzekwa emgodleni uqobo, kuyilapho udokotela ohlinzayo wama-orthopedic angase afaneleke kakhulu ezindabeni ngamathambo omgogodla.
Ngokuvamile, ufuna udokotela ohlinzayo onemiphumela emihle yokwenza inqubo oyidingayo. Lo dokotela angase abe ngu-DO noma i-MD, intsha noma endala, owesilisa noma owesifazane. Bangase babe nomoya oshisayo noma bangabi nabungane. Kodwa yikuphi okubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi kwabo ukwenza inqubo yakho ngobuhle.
Ngubani Okungafanele Ahlinze Ukuhlinzwa Kwakho?
E-United States, udokotela ohlinzayo uneminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu yokuqeqeshwa kokuhlala.
Futhi odokotela abahlinzayo abakhethekile kanye ne-subspecialty baneminyaka eminingi yokuqeqeshwa ngaphambi kokuba benze ngokuzimela. Akwanele ukuba ube udokotela, umuntu owenza inqubo yakho udinga ukuqeqeshwa njengodokotela ohlinzayo kanye nokuqeqesha okukhethekile.
Uhlobo olufanele lohlinzayo luzoba:
- Ibhodi eqinisekisiwe ekukhethekile ukuhlinzwa kwakho kudinga.
- Ukwenza inqubo oyidingayo njalo noma njalo.
- Yiba nomlando wemiphumela emihle eyenza inqubo oyidingayo.
- Ezamahhala eziphambene nezikhwama zokungasebenzi ngokweziguli zangaphambili.
- Ukuma okuhle neBhodi Lezokwelapha.
- Ukwenza ukuhlinzwa esibhedlela noma esikhungweni sokuhlinzeka esihlinzeka kahle.
Ukuqeqesha abahlinzayo
Odokotela abahlinzayo balandela indlela yokubikezela imisebenzi e-United States. Abaningi baqala imisebenzi yabo ngokuya esikoleni sezokwelapha esilandelwa ukuhlala endaweni yokuhlinzwa ehlala iminyaka emihlanu. Ezinye izindlela, njenge-Obstetrics / Gynecology, zihlukile kakhulu. Indawo yokuhlala iqeqesha odokotela abahlinzayo ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlinzwa okujwayelekile.
Ngemva kokuhlala kwabo, udokotela ohlinzayo angakwazi ukuzimela ngokuzimela njengomuntu ohlinzayo ovamile.
Odokotela abahlinzayo-odokotela abenza ukuhlinzwa-bangakwazi ukuqeqesha kwezinye zezindawo eziningi ezikhethekile futhi bangaqhubeka nokuphishekela i-subspecialty emva kokuqeqeshwa kwabo kokuqala. Isibonelo, udokotela ohlinzayo angaqedela ukuhlala ngokujwayelekile futhi anqume ukuqedela imfundo eyengeziwe ekuhlinzekeni kwe-cardio-thoracic (inhliziyo / maphaphu). Khona-ke, bangakwazi ngisho nokuqhubeka nokuphishekela elinye i-subspecialty, njengokwelashwa kwenhliziyo yokubeletha inhliziyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, odokotela abahlinzayo bangakwazi futhi ngokukhethekile ekukhethweni kwabo okukhethiwe. Abahlinzayo bezinhliziyo bangase bagxile ekwenzeni izinhliziyo zenziwa ngokuhlinzwa , ukulungiswa kwe- valve yenhliziyo , noma ukuhlinzwa okunye kwenhliziyo noma bangasebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zokuhlinzwa kwenhliziyo. Isibonelo, udokotela ohlinzayo osebenza njengogqirha ohlinzayo angase akhethe ukwenza ama-appendectomi lapho kunokwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, ngokwenza izinhlelo eziningi ze-appendectomies, udokotela ohlinzayo ukhethe ukwenza ngokukhethekile ukuhlinzekwa kwesithasiselo kodwa usenakho ikhono nokuqeqesha ukwenza nezinye izinhlinzeko eziningi.
Anesthesiology
Nakuba izi-anesthesiologists zingewona odokotela abahlinzayo, lokhu okukhethekile kusebenza ngokuhambisana nabahlinzayo, okwenza kube khona ukuhlinzwa okumele kwenziwe ngaphandle kokuba isiguli sizwe inqubo. Odokotela be- Anesthesia , abavame ukusebenza ngokubambisana nabahlengikazi abaqeqeshwe nge-anesthesia (i-CRNA), banikeze i-sedation ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa noma baqondise abanye abakwenzayo. Banikeza nokuvinjelwa kobuhlungu, njenge-epidural ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ezinye ze-anesthesiologists zize zenze ngaphandle kwekamelo lokusebenza, zihlinzeke ukuphathwa ubuhlungu ezigulini ezidinga ukukhululeka ebuhlungu obungapheli kanye nezimpawu ezihlobene.
I-Bariatric Surgery
Abahlinzayo baseBariatric yibo abasebenza ngokukhethekile ekwelapheni ukukhuluphala nokuhlinzwa. Ngokujwayelekile, odokotela abahlinzayo basebenatric baqhubekele imfundo eyengeziwe ngemuva kokuhlala ngokujwayelekile ukuhlala endaweni efanele. Ngokuthakazelisayo, kunezinhlobo eziningi zezindlela zokulahlekelwa isisindo
Ukuhlinzwa Kwezinhliziyo Ne-Cardiothoracic
Ukuhlinzwa kwe-cardiac kuyinto ekhethekile yokwelapha izinkinga zenhliziyo ngezinqubo zokuhlinza.
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Ukwelashwa kwe-Cataract: Izingozi nezinkinga ze-Cataract Ukususwa
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Ukwelashwa Kokubuyiswa Kwezesini: Okwakubizwa ngokuthi Ukuguqulwa Kwesondo Ngaphambili
Abahlinzayo bezinhliziyo zengane bangase bahlinzekele izinsana nezinsana ukulungisa izindaba ezazikhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Izinkinga zabantu abadala zingase zibandakanye ukulungisa nokubeka esikhundleni amagagasi enhliziyo (asebegugile ubudala) futhi aphatha isifo somzimba we-coronary. Lokhu okhethekile kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokuphathwa kwamaphaphu, okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa kwe-cardiothoracic-okukhethekile ukuphatha izindaba ngaphakathi kwesifuba.
I-Colon ne-Rectal Surgery
Lokhu ukukhethekile okuhlinzekwa kokuphatha izindaba zezinambuzane ezincane nezinkulu, i-rectum ne-anus ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlinzwa Okujwayelekile
Ukuhlinzekwa ngokujwayelekile kuyinto ekhethekile yokwelapha izinkinga ezivamile zesisu, njenge- hernias kanye ne-appendicitis, ngokuhlinzwa. Odokotela abaningi abahlinzayo bahlinzeka ngohlelo lokuhlala ngokuhlinzekwa jikelele futhi bangakhetha ukuhlinzwa ngokujwayelekile noma baqeqeshe endaweni ekhethekile.
Ukuhlinzwa Kwezinkinga Zokubeletha Ne-Obstetrics
Lokhu okukhethekile, okuyaziwa ngokuthi i-OB / GYN, inikeza ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, kuthatha izinkinga ngesistimu yesifazane yokuzala kanye ngaphandle kokuhlinzwa, inikeza ukulawulwa kokubeletha, futhi inikeza ukunakekelwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokubeletha-okungase kuhlanganise nesigaba sokulahla.
I-Gynecologic Oncology
Lokhu kuyona okukhethekile ukuhlinza umdlavuza wokuzala kubantu besifazane. Kukhona ukungafani phakathi kwe-OB / GYN ne-oncology yokugonywa. Isibonelo, zombili izici ziqeqeshiwe ukwenza inqubo ye-hysterectomy. Kodwa i-oncologist yezinkinga zokubeletha uye yazikhethela ekwenzeni ukuhlinzwa njengokwelashwa ngokukhethekile ngomdlavuza kunesinye isimo.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Maxillofacial
Ukuhlinzeka nge-Maxillofacial operation kuyinto ekhethekile yokwelapha izimpikiswano zomlomo, umhlathi, intamo, kanye namathambo ebusweni ngokuhlinzwa. Lezi zinkinga zingase zikhona lapho zizalwa noma zingabangelwa ukuhlukunyezwa noma izifo.
I-Neurosurgery
Lokhu kuyinto ekhethekile yokwelapha isimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi , kuhlanganise nobuchopho nomgogodla , ngokuhlinzwa. Lolu hlobo lokuhlinzeka lungabandakanya ukuhlinzwa kwengqondo, ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa ubuhlungu emuva, ukwelashwa komdlavuza ohlelweni lwezinzwa, nezinye izimo zezinzwa.
I-oncology
I-oncology yigama elivamile lezinto ezikhethekile ezisebenzisa ukuhlinzwa ukuphatha ukwelapha emzimbeni wonke. Kodwa-ke, amakhono amaningi aphathelene nomdlavuza njengengxenye yomkhuba wabo. Isibonelo, i-otolaryngology ingase iphathe umdlavuza we-throat kanye nodokotela abahlinzayo bama-orthopedic bangadlala indima ekwelapheni umdlavuza wezinyosi. Ngenkathi bengase bangasebenzi ngokuqondile endaweni ye-oncology, bayakwazi ukwenza kanjalo ngokuqeqeshwa kwabo.
I-ophthalmology
Lokhu kuyinto ekhethekile yokwelapha izimo zeso ngokuhlinzwa. Lezi zimo zingase zibe khona kusukela ekuzalweni, ezihlobene nengozi noma ukuhlukunyezwa, noma ukukhula ngobudala.
Ukuhlinza ngomlomo
Lokhu okukhethekile kuphatha izinkinga zamazinyo ngokuhlinza, njengokususwa kwezinyo lokuhlakanipha kanye nemigodi yamanzi.
Ukuhlinza nge-Orthopedic
Ukuhlinzwa kusetshenziswe kulokhu okhethekile ukuphatha izindaba ngamathambo, amalunga, izigulane, nama-tendon kokubili izingane kanye nabantu abadala.
I-otolaryngology (Indlebe, i-Nose, ne-Throat)
Lokhu kuyigugu lokusebenzisa ukuhlinzwa ukuphatha izindaba zezindlebe, impumu, nomphimbo (ENT).
Ukuhlinzwa kwezingane
Lokhu okukhethekile kokuphatha izindaba zezempilo zezingane ngokuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto ezikhethekile, njenge-neurosurgery yezingane noma ukuhlinzwa komzimba wamazinyo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye abantu abadala bayaphathwa odokotela bamazinyo ezinganeni ezinganeni uma isimo sabo sisekhona ngesikhathi sokuzalwa noma ebuntwaneni. Abahlinzayo abahlinzayo abaqeqeshelwe kangcono ukubhekana nezinkinga ezithile zezingane:
- Udokotela ohlinzayo wase-Neonatal: Ugxila ekuhlinzekeni kwezinsana nezinsana.
- Udokotela ohlinzayo ngaphambi kokubeletha: Indawo entsha yokuhlola yokuhlola lapho kwenziwa khona inqubo yokulungisa izinkinga ngaphambi kokuzalwa komntwana.
Ukwelashwa kwePlastiki / Izithokozo Nokuvuselela
Lokhu kuhilela ukukhethekile kokwenza ngcono ukubukeka ngezizathu zezimonyo noma ukulungisa amaphutha noma umonakalo wokubukeka okukhangayo noma umsebenzi ongcono. Lokhu okukhethekile kungenziwa ngeziguli zezingane, ukwenza ukulungiswa ngezinkinga ezinjenge-palate ye-cleft, noma kubantu abadala, ukuhlinzeka nge-rhinoplasty (umsebenzi wezindebe) noma ukukhuliswa kwebele.
I-Podiatry
Ukukhethekile kokuhlinzwa kwezinyawo kungenziwa ngudokotela, njengodokotela ohlinzayo wamazinyo, noma isazi sezinyawo. Imigomo yemithi yama-podiatric kanye ne-podiatry ngokuvamile ibhekisela kumculi wezilwane, ongeyena udokotela kodwa uqeqeshwe ukwenza izinyawo nezinyathelo zokuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlinzwa Kwama-Thoracic
Lokhu kuyinto ekhethekile yokwelapha izinkinga emgodini wesifuba, ngaphandle kwenhliziyo (ukuhlinzwa kwe-cardiothoracic), nokuhlinzwa.
Ukuhlinzwa Ukutshala
Ukuguqula izitho ezihlulekayo noma ezigulayo ngezinhlaka ezinikeziwe ekuhlinzekeni yilokhu okukhethekile. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamagqirha nezihlinzeko ezibandakanya ezihlukahlukene zokufakelwa kwezitshalo. Isibonelo, odokotela abahlinza izingane nabadala abadala basebenza ngezigungu zesisu, kuhlanganise namathumbu, ama-pancreas, izinso nesibindi. Futhi odokotela abahlinzayo base-cardiothoracic, bobabili izingane kanye nabantu abadala, ngokuvamile basebenze ngenhliziyo nokuphazamisa amaphaphu.
Ukuhlinzwa Ngama-Trauma
Lokhu kuyinto ekhethekile yokwelapha ukulimala emotweni yemoto, amanxeba okudubula , ukugwaza, nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlukunyezwa komthelela kanye nokuhlinzwa. Amakhono amaningi, kuhlanganise nabahlinzayo abaqeqeshiwe abaqeqeshwayo, abahlinzayo abahlinzeka ngamathambo, abahlinzayo abavamile, kanye nama-neurosurgeons angabamba iqhaza ekunakekelweni okudakayo.
Urology
I-urology iyisipesheli sezokwelapha kanye nokuhlinzekwa kokuphatha izimpikiswano emgqumeni we-urinary. Lokhu kungase kutholakale ekunakekeleni izimpawu zesilasha esingasebenzi ngokweqile ukwenza izinqubo ezincane ezingenasisindo zamatshe ezinso. Ezinye ze-urologists zenza kokubili izinqubo ezincane zokuhlinzwa, ezifana nokususwa kwe-prostate ukuphatha umdlavuza.
Ukuhlinzwa Kwama-Vascular
Lokhu kuyinto ekhethekile yokwelapha izimpikiswano zemisebe yegazi nokuhlinzwa. Kuyenziwa ukuphatha izimo ezinjenge-varicose veins, ukuhlinzeka ngemikhumbi engaphetheli igazi elaneleyo, futhi ukulungisa umonakalo.
> Umthombo:
> I-Dictionary ye-Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary ye-Taber. 2005.