Eminyakeni yamuva, cishe zonke izifo ezithathelwana nge-HIV ezenzeka ezinganeni zase-US ziye zaba umphumela wokudluliselwa komama kuya kwengane, okunye okubizwa ngokuthi ukudluliselwa kwebele . Kodwa-ke, lesi sifo sishaya kancane kancane. Ngo-2005, izingane ezingaba ngu-141 kuphela ezazalwa ne-HIV, ezingaphansi kweyodwa-yeshumi inani lezingane ezinegciwane ezizalwa minyaka yonke eminyakeni ephakeme kakhulu phakathi nawo-1990, futhi inani liye laqhubeka lincipha kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.
Okuningi kwalokhu kuncishiswa kuye kwabangelwa ukutholakala kokuqala kokutheleleka ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ukuze ukwelapha okulwa negciwane lesandulela ngculaza kanye nokunye okungenelela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, abasebenzi, kanye nokulethwa kungaqaliswa ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwengane. Lolu hlobo lwezokwelapha, oluhlangene nokwelashwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa nokugwema ukuncelisa, lunganciphisa ingozi yokudluliswa kwe-HIV yangaphambi kokubeletha kusuka cishe ku-25% kuya ngaphansi kuka-1%.
Ngeshwa, ukuze ukwelashwa kwenziwe kube usizo ngangokunokwenzeka, abesifazane kufanele bathole ukuthi bane-HIV ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Yingakho imihlahlandlela ye-CDC yamanje iphakamisa ukuhlolwa kwabesifazane bonke ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kokuqala kokubeletha futhi futhi futhi ngesikhathi se-trimester yesithathu. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nabesifazane abangahlolwayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa bangazuza ekuhlolweni ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Ukwelashwa ngesikhathi sokubeletha kuboniswe ukunciphisa izinga lokudlulisela i-HIV kosana ngaphezulu kwengxenye.
Noma kunjalo, naphezu kokunconywa kokuhlolwa kwendawo yonke yabesifazane abakhulelwe, ngo-2007, ngaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwekota yabesifazane ababelethe usana olunegciwane lesandulela ngculazi babengazi ukuthi baphathwe kuze kube yisikhathi sokubeletha.
Ukwazi Ingxenye Yenqola
Ngo-2005, ingxenye engaphezu kwengu-1 yezifo ezithathelwana ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza e-United States zenzeka kubesifazane, futhi eziningi zalezi zifo zaziwumphumela wobudlelwano bocansi namadoda afanelekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-80% wabalinganiselwa abangu-120 000 kuya ku-160 000 abesifazane abane-HIV e-United States baneminyaka yobudala yokubeletha, kanti iningi lalaba besifazane kungenzeka bangakwazi isimo sabo. Laba besifazane, abangazi isimo sabo se-HIV, bangase babe engozini enkulu yokudlulisela igciwane kubantwana babo uma bekhetha ukukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi uma bengatholi ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, kanye nokwelashwa, njengengxenye yokubeletha ngesikhathi esesimweni esitholile ukunakekelwa.
Uma ukhulelwe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe i-HIV ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi unakekelwa ngaphambi kokubeletha. Ngisho noma ingozi yakho yokungcebeleka iyingcosana, kungcono ukuphepheka kunokudabuka. Ukwazi isimo sakho se-HIV kuzosiza ngokuthula kwengqondo yakho. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, uma kunjalo, uma uqala ukwelashwa ngokushesha, okuphephile ungagcina ingane yakho yesikhathi esizayo.
Uma ukhulelwe, futhi ungazi isimo sakho se-HIV, cela udokotela wakho ukuba avivinye nge-HIV njengengxenye yokunakekelwa kokubeletha kwakho. Nakuba bonke odokotela kufanele banikeze ukuhlolwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kuzo zonke iziguli ezikhulelwe, abaningi abakwenzile. Lokho kubi ngoba ukuhlola jikelele kanye nokwelashwa kwabesifazane abakhulelwe kungasiza ekuqedeni ukudluliselwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kumama ukuya kwengane.
Ukukhetha ukuba nomkhulelwa uma i-HIV +
Kulezi zinsuku ze- antiretroviral therapy (HAART), i- HIV isesifo abantu abahlala nabo amashumi eminyaka.
Amadoda nabesifazane abaningi abane-HIV banesithakazelo sokuba nezingane zabo. Yize izingozi zokudlulisela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa aziqedwe, ukwelashwa okusha nobuchwephesha kuye kwenza kube nokuphepha kakhulu ukuthi imibhangqwana ye-HIV + ibe nezingane.
Uma uyingxenye yombhangqwana lapho omunye noma bobabili unesandulela ngculazi, futhi ucabangela ukuba nezingane, kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ngokululekwa ngaphambi kokuzama ukukhulelwa. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthi unqume ukuthi ukuzama ukukhulelwa kwemvelo kukulungile yini. Uma kunjalo, zingakusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokudlulisela kuwe, umlingani wakho ongathintekile , kanye / noma ingane yakho yesikhathi esizayo.
Ezinye izinketho zokubeletha zingabandakanya ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokubeletha noma ukutholwa, futhi emva kokululekwa, ezinye imibhangqwana ingase inqume ukuhlala ingenabantwana.
Uma ngabe wena noma umlingani wakho unesandulela ngculaza, akudingeki ukuba kube sekupheleni amaphupho akho okuba nomndeni. Noma kunjalo, kungenza inqubo yokwenza izinqumo ibe nzima nakakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqala inqubo ngolwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Uma udokotela wakho engakhululekile ukuxoxa ngezinketho zokubeletha nawe, funa omunye umuntu ozokunika usizo oludingayo. Kungenzeka ukwenza isinqumo esinomthwalo wemfanelo sokuba nezingane uma omunye wenu ephila ne-HIV, futhi kukhona odokotela abazi lokho, bahloniphe ukuzimela kwamakhasimende abo abane-HIV, futhi bazimisele futhi bakwazi ukusiza.
> Imithombo:
> Barreiro P. et al. (2006) "Izinketho zokukhiqiza imibhangqwana ye-HIV-serodiscordant." I-AIDS IsAmbulo 8 (3): 158-70.
> Izibalo Eziyisisekelo ze-HIV / AIDS ezivela kumaCentral for Disease Control.
> I-HIV Phakathi Kwabesifazane Abakhulelwe, Izinsana, Nezingane ezivela Ezindaweni Zokulawula Izifo.
> Isivivinyo esisodwa. Ukuphila Okubili. Ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV Ukunakekela Ngaphambi Kokubeletha Kusuka Ezindaweni Zokulawula Izifo.
> I-Perinatal HIV Fact Sheet Sheet ezivela kumaCenter for Disease Control.