Umgomo wokugembula ungcono kakhulu
I-yellow fever ingukugula okubangelwa ukulimaza okungangobungozi. Asinayo imithi yokuvimbela i-antiviral ephumelelayo ekwelapheni i-yellow fever . Lokhu kwenza ukuvimbela okubalulekile ekugwemeni izifo, ukufa kanye nokuqubuka. Ngenhlanhla, sinomgomo osebenzayo wokuvimbela.
Akuwona wonke umuntu ongagonywa, noma kunjalo. Labo bantu abangakwazi, ikakhulukazi uma behlala kwelinye lamazwe angu-47 lapho lesi sifo sivame khona, vakashela kwelinye lala mazwe, noma baphile eduze nesayithi sokuqhamuka, kufanele bathembele kwezinye izindlela zokuvimbela.
I-World Health Organization (WHO) isebenza njalo ukwandisa izinga lokugoma kulabo abasengozini futhi liqukethe ukuqubuka lapho kwenzeka, okusivikela sonke.
Umgomo Wokuphuza Nge-Yellow Fever
Kungani uVimba
Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi kungani ukuvimbela nokugoma kubalulekile.
Ngokusho kwe-CDC, izinga lokutheleleka kwabahambi abangenazo eNtshonalanga Afrika liyi-50 ku-100,000. Ingozi yokufa ingu-10 ku-100,000. Futhi lezo zinkinga ziba zimbi nakakhulu uma kwenzeka uhamba lapho ngesikhathi sokuqubuka.
Ngubani okufanele athole igciwane
Uma uhlela ukuhamba endaweni ye-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika, noma eMelika Ephakathi lapho ukushisa komzimba ophuzi kubalulekile khona kufanele ugonywe ngaphambi kokuhamba. Amanye alawo mazwe ngeke akuvumele ngisho nokungena ngaphandle kobufakazi bokugoma.
Ukuthola umgomo nakho kubalulekile uma uhlala eduze, noma uhamba, indawo okwamanje ibhekana nokugqashuka. Iziqhumane zingenzeka ezindaweni lapho lesi sifo esingatholakali khona uma umhambi othelelekile efika khona futhi ehlasela izinyosi zendawo ezikwazi ukuthwala igciwane nokutheleleka abantu nezilwane abazilumayo.
(I-yellow fever ayisakazeki ngokuqondile kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu, futhi kuphela umiyane, abantu, nezinye izilwane ezikwazi ukuzithwala.)
Ukukusiza ukuthi ufunde ukuthi yimiphi imithi oyidingayo uma uhamba, i-CDC igcina ikhasi labaFundi Bezempilo kanye nekhasi nge-Yellow Fever & Ulwazi Lwe-Malaria ngezwe.
Isikhathi
Hlela ukuthola ukugoma kwakho ngaphambi kokuba ufike endizeni-kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-14 emva kokudubula komzimba wakho ukuze uhlakulele umkhuhlane.
Ukugoma okukodwa kukuvikela okungenani iminyaka eyi-10, futhi ukuzivikela kungaphelela impilo.
Izingozi nezinkinga
Ukugoma kungabizi futhi kubhekwe njengabantu ephephile kakhulu kubantu abaningi. Nokho, kunezingozi okufanele zicatshangelwe.
Phakathi kwamaphesenti ayishumi namaphesenti angu-30 abantu abathola umgomo wokuphuza i-yellow fever babika izimpawu ezincane emva kwalokho okugcina cishe isonto, njenge:
- I-low-grade fever
- Izinwele
- Ama-body aches
Izinkinga ezinkulu, ezingavamile kakhulu, zihlanganisa:
- Impendulo ye-hypersensitivity (allergies), enezinga lesigameko sika-1.3 ngamanani angama-100,000.
- Izifo ze-neurological ezihlobene nokugoma e-yellow fever, enezinga elilinganiselwa ku-0.8 ku-100,000 kulabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-60, 2.2 nge-100,000 kulabo abangaphezu kuka-60.
- Isifo se-viscerotropic esine-yellow fever ehambisana ne-yellow fever, esinesilinganiso esingu-0.3 ku-100,000 kulabo abangaphansi kuka-60, 1.2 nge-100,000 kulabo abangaphezu kuka-60, nesilinganiso esiphakeme kulabo abangaphezu kuka-70.
Ukungafani
Abantu abanezinyosi zokugoma izitoko angeke bagonywe. Izithako ezinengqondo ezinamathuba zihlanganisa:
- Amaqanda nemikhiqizo yamaqanda
- Izinkukhu zamaprotheni
- I-Gelatin
- I-Latex (e-stopper's stopper)
Abanye abantu abangafanele bathole umgomo bahlanganisa:
- Izingane ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ubudala
- Izinyanga eziyisithupha kuya kwezingu-9 ezindala, ngaphandle uma zisendaweni engozini kakhulu
- Abesifazane abakhulelwe, ngaphandle uma behlala endaweni engozini
- Abantu abane-dismus disorder, ukutheleleka nge-HIV, noma enye imithi yokuzivikela
- Abantu abasebenzisa izidakamizwa ze-immunosupressant noma immunomodulant noma ezinye zokwelapha
Umuthi wokugoma unomthelela wokuphepha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa ngoba akukafundiwe ngokwanele ukuqonda ngokugcwele noma yiziphi izingozi ezingase zibe khona.
Uma ufakwe kulolu hlu futhi uhambela esifundeni lapho kudingeke khona ukufaka umgomo wokugoma, uzodinga amadokhumenti wezokwelapha ukuze kudingeke ukuba kukhishwe imvume.
Ezinye izindlela zokugoma
Kulabo bantu abangakwazi ukugonywa, kubalulekile ukwenza konke okusemandleni akho ukuvimbela ukulunywa kwezinyosi noma nini lapho usendaweni ephethwe.
Ukuze ugweme ukulunywa, i-CDC itusa:
- Ukusebenzisa ukulahlwa kwezinambuzane eziqukethe i-DEET, i-picaridin, i-IR 3535, noma amafutha we-lemon eucalyptus kunoma yisiphi isikhumba esikhombisiwe.
- Ukugqoka amahembe amade, amasondo omude, namasokisi uma ngaphandle, isimo sezulu sivumela; futhi usebenzise izingubo ezingaphezu kwezingubo ezincane.
- Ukuqaphela amaphethini omsebenzi wezinyosi ezinhlobonhlobo eziziwa ngokudlulisa igciwane ( Aedes Aegypti nezinye izinhlobo ze- Aedes ).
- Ukuhlala endaweni yokuhlala ngamagumbi ahlolwe noma aphethwe umoya.
Kubaluleke kakhulu kumuntu onegciwane ukuvimbela ukulunywa umiyane, ngoba bangakwazi ukutheleleka umiyane ongaphawulwanga futhi ngaleyo ndlela basakaze lesi sifo.
Ukuvimbela Okukhulu-Isikali
Ukuvimbela kuyohlale kube umgomo oyinhloko wokuvimba ukusabalala kwe-yellow fever. Kungenxa yokuthi ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ngeke kukhishwe.
Kungani? Ngenxa yokuthi iningi lezinambuzane kanye nezinye izilwane ezithintekayo ezifundeni lapho isifo sinjalo khona. Ngakho-ke, umgomo oyinhloko ukufezekisa amazinga aphezulu okugoma kulezo zifunda ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhuma kwezifo.
I-WHO isebenza ukulawula i-yellow fever ngezinhlelo zokugoma. Umgomo wenhlangano ungamazinga angama-80 okugoma kulawo mazwe angu-47. Ngo-2027, lilindele abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezilodwa ukuthi banikezwe udutshulwa.
Izinhlangano zokulwa ne-yellow fever zilondoloza isimo esiphuthumayo esinezigidi eziyisithupha zemithi yokugoma okuqhubekayo igcwaliswa ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana ngokushesha uma kutholakala ukuqubuka noma kuphi emhlabeni.
I-WHO iphinde iphakamise ukuqeda izindawo ezinokukhiqiza izinyosi ngokufaka amakhemikhali okubulala izilonda emanzini amile. Ngesinye isikhathi, izinyosi ezithwala amagciwane beziqedile ngempumelelo kusukela eningi eNingizimu neMelika. Kodwa-ke, sebebuyele futhi banda ingozi yesifo lapho. I-WHO ithi akusizo ukuzama ukukhipha izinyosi ezivela emahlathini nasehlathini.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukuvimbela I-Yellow Fever. Agasti 2015.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Impilo yabahambi, iSahluko 3: Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezihlobene nokuhamba: i-Yellow Fever. NgoMashi 2018.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Yellow Fever: Izimpawu Nezokwelapha. Agasti 2015.
> Izitshalo I-G, i-Gershman M, i-Fischer M, Izikhungo zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). Ukugonywa kwe-yellow fever: izincomo zeKomidi Elilulekayo Emisebenzini Yokugoma (ACIP). Umbiko weviki kanye nokufa kwesonto. Izincomo nemibiko. 2010 Jul 30; 59 (RR-7): 1-27.
> I-World Health Organization. I-Yellow Fever: I-Fact Sheets March 2018.