Ukutheleleka kwaseNtshonalanga ye-Nile kubangelwa igciwane elibhekene nomswakama. Abantu abaningi abanesifo sengculazi abanalo izimpawu noma ukugula okuncane. Kodwa-ke, endaweni encane yegciwane, igciwane laseNtshonalanga yeNayile lingabangela ukulimala okukhulu, kokubulala ukuphila komzimba (ukuvuvukala kwentambo yomgogodla) noma i- encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho). Lezi zinkinga ze-neurological zenze igciwane le-West Nile libe imbangela yokukhathazeka emhlabeni wonke.
Izimpawu Nezinkinga
I-West Nile Fever
Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha kuya kwengu-80 abantu abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza asinayo izibonakaliso noma izimpawu zesifo. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-20 azokwakha lokho okubizwa nge-West Nile fever.
I-West Nile fever ingukugula okulinganiselwe okungafani kakhulu nokutheleleka kwamanye amagciwane amaningi. Izimpawu zivame ukufaka:
- umkhuhlane
- imisipha yama-muscle
- ikhanda
- Umphimbo obuhlungu
- isicanucanu nokuhlanza
- ukukhathala
- ukuqhuma kwesikhumba
Lezi zimpawu zamagciwane ezivamile ngokuvamile ziyathuthuka ngokushesha ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa-nje "kubanda ehlobo" -nabantu abaningi (nodokotela babo) abaqapheli ukuthi banegciwane lesandulela ngculazi eNtshonalanga.
I-Meningitis / i-Encephalitis
Enombalwa encane yabantu abanesifo-bacatshangwa ukuthi bangaphansi kwamaphesenti ayisithupha-ukutheleleka okungathí sina kwengqondo kungenzeka. Abantu abakha i-West Nile meningitis noma i-encephalitis bangathola:
- umkhuhlane omkhulu kakhulu
- intamo eqinile
- ukudideka noma ukudideka
- ukukhubazeka
- ukuhlukunyezwa
- i-coma
I-West Nile meningitis noma i-encephalitis ingaba yingozi, ngisho nokunakekelwa ngokweqile kwezokwelapha.
Abaningi abaphulukisayo banamathele ezimpawu zezinzwa zonyaka noma ngaphezulu, kanti abanye bangase bashiye ukulahleka okungapheli kwegazi.
Izinkinga ze-neurological ezisuka ku-West Nile virus ziningi kubantu asebekhulile nakubantu abanomdlavuza. Kunobunye ubufakazi bokuthi ukucindezeleka, ukuhlukunyezwa kabi kotshwala, nesifo sikashukela kungase kubhekane nesifo esibi negciwane le-West Nile.
Yeka ukuthi i-Virus Nile YaseNtshonalanga isakazeka kanjani
I-West Nile virus igciwane le- RNA elitholakala emhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise neYurophu, i-Afrika, i-Asia, i-Australia, neNyakatho neSouth America. Ngenkathi igciwane ngokwalo lingelona elisha, lalisendaweni enkulu kakhulu e-Afrika naseMpumalanga Ephakathi kwaze kwaphela amashumi ambalwa eminyaka edlule. Futhi ososayensi baqala ukuyihlobanisa nokugula okukhulu kwegazi kuphela ngawo-1990.
Izimpendulo eziyinhloko zegciwane le-West Nile yizinyoni. Izinambuzane zidlulisa igciwane ezinyoni kuya enyoni, zivumela igciwane ukuba lande futhi lisakaze. Uma umiyane ophethe igciwane "uluma" umuntu, igciwane lingangena egazini bese lidala ukutheleleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi eNtshonalanga. Igciwane lingasakazeka kubantu abathintekayo abanikela ngegazi.
Enyakatho yezwe, ukutheleleka ngegciwane le-West Nile kubonakala kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJune kuya kuSeptemba, lapho imiyane isebenza. Ingozi yokutheleleka ivame ukuphakama ngasekupheleni kwehlobo.
E-United States, igciwane le-West Nile laqala ukutholakala ngo-1999, ngokuqhamuka okukhulu kokugula eNew York City. Manje sekukhonjisiwe kuwo wonke amazwe angu-48 adibeneyo. Kuze kufike ku-3000 amacala we-neurological virus avela eWest Nile aye abonakala minyaka yonke e-United States eminyakeni yamuva.
Ukwelapha
Ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwegciwane le-West Nile, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa ngokuyinhloko "kusekela." Labo abane-fever West Nile (abaningi babo abangazange bafunde ukuthi banesifo sengculazi saseNtshonalanga Nile) ngokuvamile baphatha ngezindlela ezivamile-ukuphumula, uketshezi, kanye nama-analgesics-nezifo zabo zixazulula ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Kubantu ababhedlela abagula kakhulu ngegciwane le-West Nile, izinyathelo zithathwa ukugcina umkhuhlane phansi futhi ugcine izimpawu ezibalulekile zizinzile ngangokunokwenzeka. Nakuba imishanguzo ye-antiviral kanye ne- immunoglobulin engathandwayo ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-West Nile ezigulini ezibhedlela, ubufakazi obungokwenyama abukho ukuthi izinyathelo ezinjalo zisiza ekutheni zilulame.
Ukushona okunesifo esibucayi se-West Nile, ngisho nokunakekelwa ngokweqile kwezempilo, kuye kwabikwa njengamaphesenti amabili nge-meningitis namaphesenti angu-12 nge-encephalitis.
Ukuvimbela
Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho imithi emihle yalokhu ukutheleleka, ukuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ukugwema izindawo ezinezinambuzane, ukuhlanza izindawo zokuhlala kwanoma yikuphi amanzi okuma lapho izimpungushe zazinosizi zingakhula khona, besebenzisa izinambuzane ezilahlayo, izinyathelo ezibalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwenziwe ngegciwane lesandulela ngculazi eNtshonalanga Nile kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokudluliselwa ngegazi.
Imithi yokulwa negciwane leNtshonalanga yeNile iyasungulwa. Ngenkathi imigomo yamahhashi inikezwe ilayisensi yokusetshenziswa e-United States, ayikho imishanguzo yokusetshenziswa komuntu engakafakwanga ukuvivinywa komtholampilo.
Izwi elivela
I-West Nile virus igciwane lesandulela ngculaza elisakazeke kakhulu e-United States nasemhlabeni. Ngenkathi abantu abaningi abanegciwane lesandulela ngculaza banesifo esincane futhi belulame ngokuphelele, labo abahlakulela izifo ze-neuroloki bangagula kakhulu, babe nengozi yokufa, futhi bangakwazi ukuphola isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yokuthi ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwegciwane le-West Nile, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kubaluleke kakhulu.
> Imithombo:
> Loeb M, Hanna S, Nicolle L, Et Al. Isibikezelo Ngemva kokutheleleka kwe-Virus yeNew West Nile. U-Ann Intern Med 2008; 149: 232.
> Murray Ko, Garcia Mn, Rahbar Mh, Et Al. Ukuhlaselwa kokuPhepha, Imiphumela Yesikhathi Eside, Amaphesenti Wokubuyiswa Kwaze Kwafika Eminyakeni Eyisishiyagalolunye Yokuthunyelwa Kwe-Infection Phakathi KwamaKhosi Ase-Houston West Nile Virus. Plos One 2014; 9: E102953.
> O'leary Dr, uMarfin Aa, uMontgomery Sp, no-Al. Isifo Segciwane Le-Virus Nile eNtshonalanga E-United States, ngo-2002. I-Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2004; 4:61.