Wayeseholidini kude nasekhaya. Kube khona uphawu lwe-tube rafting yangaphakathi. Kwakubonakala kumnandi. Amanzi ayengamahloni.
Wayebhalisele umncintiswano. Kwakukhona ingxenye lapho kwakuzodingeka azitholele khona odakeni oluphakeme. Kwakubonakala kunzima kepha kwakubonakala kungeyingozi
A little adventure, kodwa hhayi ingozi enkulu. Into ewukuthi, lezi ziyizinto eziyingozi zokungena kweLeptospirosis.
I-Leptospirosis ingaba isifo esibi, kodwa ngenhlanhla, iningi, akunjalo. Amacala amaningi angabangela izinkinga; I-90% ibangela izimpawu ezincane noma ezingekho. Kodwa ngesinye isikhathi lesi sifo sivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Lepto, singaba sína futhi sicele.
Kuyinto isifo esitholakala emhlabeni jikelele ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe. Izingozi zayo aziqapheli. Lesi sifo - esibi kakhulu-sisakazeka lapho abantu behlangana namanzi noma udaka oye waba nesigqila (noma esinye isilwane) esikuyo esithwala amabhaktheriya.
I-Leptospirosis iyisifo esingavinjelwa futhi singaphathwa. Ukuqaphela izingozi kanye nesifo kubalulekile.
Uma iLeptospirosis Ivame Ukukwaziswa
I-Lepto ibamba izingqikithi uma-ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu-iguqula lokho okubonakala sengathi kuyintando encane noma umncintiswano ngamanzi amancane noma udaka ukuya esibhedlela noma into embi kunomdlali ongeyena onempilo. Izifo zingenzeka kuphi emhlabeni jikelele.
Amacala eLeptospirosis ahlonishwa e-Idaho naseLos Angeles bese elandela emuva emncintiswaneni we-"Eco-Challenge" e-Borneo eMalaysia.
Lo mncintiswano, ohilela ukubhukuda emfuleni, waholela eziningana zokutheleleka. Ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ama-50% ayegula ngaphandle kwabadlali abaqeqeshiwe abaxhumana nabo phakathi kwabahlanganyeli abangaphezu kuka-300 abavela emazweni angu-26. Ngokufanayo, isiguli saseNew York sabheka ukutheleleka emncintiswaneni ngokusebenzisa ipulazi eFlorida, okwakungenwe ngempela ekutheleleni izifo cishe emncintiswaneni wezingu-4.
I-Triathalons eWisconsin nase-Illinois nayo iholele ekutheleleni.
Izifo zingase zivele ekuguleni, kayaking, ngaphakathi-tubing, ukubhukuda emanzini okubonakala sengathi iphephile. I-Olympic Gold Medal yaseRondon ishonele eLondon inkontileka yaseLepto. Abagibeli baxwayiswa ukugwema izindawo ezithile zamanzi ahlanzekile eHawaii - umbuso onengozi enkulu yeLeptospirosis. Lesi sifo siphinde sibanjwe kusuka e-rafting phansi emfuleni esitheni esingaphakathi kweThu Vieng, Laos. Ukuphuma kwabasebenzi emanzini amhlophe e-Sri Lanka banesifo esiyishumi nesikhombisa esiyi-19. Abancintiswaneni abahamba emkhunjini owela ngaphesheya koMfula i-Liffey e-Ireland (owela eDublin) nabo batholelekile.
Ngokuvamile, lesi sifo singaba ngenxa yokubhukuda, ukugibela izikebhe, ukuhamba ngemikhumbi, ukuhamba ngezinyawo, ukuhamba noma ukuhamba emanzini noma ngodaka, neminye imisebenzi edakeni noma emanzini.
I-Leptospirosis Iyatholakala Kanjani?
Isizathu sihle kakhulu se-rat pee. Ukuthinta amanzi, inhlabathi, noma udaka olonakaliswe umchamo wamagundane ophethe amabhaktheriya kungaholela esibhedlela. Kungasakazeka ngomchamo kusuka kwezinye izilwane - izinja, izingulube, izinkomo, noma abantu, ezimweni ezingavamile. Izicathulo zokuzivikela nezambatho ziyadingeka noma yikuphi ukutholakala emanzini, enhlabathini noma odakeni. Kunokukhathazeka ukuthi ukugwinya amanzi angcolile kuyingozi kakhulu.
Ubani Othintekayo?
Iningi labantu abathintekayo neLeptospirosis abadlali abadlali.
Abaningi abathintekayo baphila ezindaweni ezifudumele. Zingabonakali emsebenzini noma ngezimo zabo zokuphila. Kucatshangwa ukuthi u-0.1 kuya ku-1 ku-100 000 emazingeni ahlanzekile anesandulela ngculazi ngonyaka kanye no-10 noma ngaphezulu kwezingu-100 000 ezimweni ezishisayo.
Ukukhukhula kungaholela ekuqhumeni, ikakhulukazi ngokushintsha isimo sezemvelo. Isivunguvungu e-Orissa, Isivunguvungu saseTaiwan, neZiphepho zaseCaribbean naseCentral America.
Nakuba i-lepto ayihlotshaniswa namanzi anosawoti noma olwandle, kutholakale ukuthi emva kokuvunguza kwesiphepho, inhlabathi engcolile emanzini okukhukhula kungafaka abantu engozini njengoba kubonakala ngemuva kwesiphepho (Yolanda) ePhilippines.
Labo abahlala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni bavame ukuthinteka - uma kungekho ukutshalwa kwezimali okwanele ekungcolisweni kwezingcoliso, amanzi, kanye nokulawulwa kwezilinganiso. Ikakhulukazi engozini yilabo abahlala ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni amakhulu. Imisebenzi yomphakathi - amanzi ahlanzekile, iqoqo likadoti, ukukhishwa kwevermin, ukuhlanzwa kwezingcoliso - kusivikela ku-leptospirosis. Izindawo ezingenawo amanzi ahlanzekile kanye nemizamo yokuhlanza ukungcola zingabhekana neptospirosis ngaphezulu. Izigubhu ziye zandisa ukwanda kwesifo. Amacala amasha (3) aqaphele lapho amagundane nama-bacteria asakazeka ngenxa yemvula enamandla nemigodi yokuqoqa imfucuza eMarseilles, eFrance.
Izifo azitholakali kodwa zenzeke ezingxenyeni eziningi ezisekelwe kakhulu, ezincane kakhulu zemizi yase-US. Ucwaningo lubuthole ama-antibodies abonisa ukuchayeka kwangaphambili ngo-16% kwezinye izingxenye zaseBaltimore, eMadland. Phakathi kwalabo abaseNew York naseBaltimore abanezimo zangaphandle (futhi kungenzeka ukuthi basondelene namagundane), kube khona amacala kwabasebenzi bezemvelo eBaltimore naphakathi kwalabo abangenamakhaya noma ngisho nabasebenzi bezokwakha eNew York. Ema-climes ahlanzekile, izifo zivame ukujwayele ukuphela kwehlobo kuze kube sekwephuzile ekuqaleni
Ukutheleleka akuyona nje ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Labo abasebenza ngama-rice paddies noma ekunqumeni umoba usengozini enkulu. ukutholakala komsebenzi kungaba nengozi enkulu, kuhlanganise nabalimi, abasebenzi basemgodini wokugeza amanzi, abangenamakhaya, abasebenzi basezimayini, abasebenzi bezilwane zasemakhaya kanye nabasebenzi bokubulala.
Labo abasempi bangase babe engozini. Kube khona amacala amaningi - okuvela ekuzilibazisa noma kusuka ekuqeqesheni umzimba.
Izifo Ezifana Nani?
Iningi (90%) alinayo izimpawu noma ukugula okuncane. Kungaba izifo ezinzima kakhulu. Izimpawu zesifo zizoxhomekeka nokuthi yisiphi isigaba sesifo umuntu angaphakathi nokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-leptospires (amabhaktheriya abangela i-leptospirosis) abanjwa.
Ezinye izifo zibonakala sengathi ziwumkhuhlane. Abaningi bazoba nomkhuhlane, amahlumela, ikhanda, ama-muscle aches. Abanye bazoba nezinhlanzi, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu besisu, amehlo aphuzi kanye nesikhumba (jaundice), amehlo abomvu, ukushisa. Ubuhlungu bungaba namandla kakhulu enkolweni, emthangeni nasezintweni ezingemuva.
Eziningi zalezi zimpawu zingaphutha ngezinye izifo.
Isikhathi phakathi kokuchayeka nokugula kungase kube nezinsuku ezimbili kuya kumaviki amane. Ukugula kuvame ukuqala ngokuphazamiseka ngomkhuhlane. Isifo kaningi sinezigaba ezimbili.
Okokuqala, iSigaba sibandakanya umkhuhlane, ukubola, ukukhanda ikhanda, ama-muscle aches, ukuhlanza, kanye / noma isifo sohudo. Kungalandelwa ukutakula bese umuntu ephenduka futhi esigabeni sesibili
Isigaba sesibili - uma kwenzeka - sinzima kakhulu. Isiguli singase sibe nesifo sezinso, isibindi, noma ukuphefumula, kanye nokwelapha. Lesi sigaba singabizwa ngokuthi isifo sika-Weil noma ifomu le-icteric (njengoba iziguli zingase zibe namahloni - ie icteric).
Lesi sifo singakwazi ukugcina izinsuku noma amasonto, ikakhulukazi uma lesi sifo sithuthukela esigabeni sesibili. Abanye bagula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Abanye bangathatha amasonto noma ngisho nezinyanga ukuze babuyisele.
Yeka Kanjani I-Lepto Enobungozi?
Amacala amaningi cishe awatholakali. Kulezo zimo ezitholakalayo, mhlawumbe u-1- 5% uyafa. Labo abaqhubekela phambili esigabeni sesibili, isifo sika-Weil, cishe ngo-5-10%, sengozini enkulu. Bangabhekana nesibindi, izinso, noma ukuphefumula kokuphefumula, kanye nokwehla kwesisu. Lokhu kungaholela ekufeni noma ekulimaleni okungunaphakade. Labo abahlakulela i-ARDS engavamile noma i-pulmary hemorrhage babhekana nesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu sokufa - kufika ku-50%.
Lesi sifo sivame ukuphuza ukutholakala. Lokhu kubambezela ukunakekelwa. Labo abanokufinyelela kancane emanzini okudoceka nokulawulwa kwezilinganiso bangase bangabi nalutho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo okudingekayo. Labo abahambayo bangabuyela ekhaya odokotela abangakwazi ukutheleleka. Ngokufanayo, i-leptospirosis ivame ukudideka nezifo ezinjenge-dengue, okungavumelani kwenzeka ukuthi kunezibonakaliso ezifanayo futhi kwenzeka naseziqhumeni ngesikhathi sokukhukhula noma lapho izinhlelo zomphakathi zamanzi nokuhlanzeka zilinganiselwe.
Ucwaningo oluthola ingozi enkulu yokufa kusuka "dengue" kwakufanele ukuba neptospirosis engaphenduliwe futhi hhayi ukukhohlisa. EPuerto Rico, ukubulawa kwabantu abayishumi nambili kwabangu-12 ababenesifo se-dengue babephilile nge-leptospirosis. I-dengue ayinakekelwa ngama-antibiotics; i-lepto.
I-Leptospirosis ekukhulelwe ingabangela ukubeletha noma ukutheleleka kokubeletha.
Yini eyenza i-Lepto?
I-leptospires yinde, ibhethri enomzimba, enomzimba okuthiwa i-spirochetes. Kunezinkinga ezahlukene - ngaphezu kuka-200 Empeleni. Izinkinga ezahlukene zingatholakala ezingxenyeni ezehlukene zomhlaba, zibheke ezinye, kodwa ezinye kuphela, umahluko phakathi kweziboniso zesifo emhlabeni jikelele. Inkinga evame kakhulu yi-icterohaemorrhagiae, engase ihlotshwe namagundane ajwayelekile ( uRattus norvegicus) e-US.
Utholakala kanjani?
Ukuhlolwa okungafani kungasetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa - kufaka phakathi i- PCR, ama-antibodies, isiko , ne-microscopy. Ngenxa yesidingo sokwelapha ukutheleleka, ukubambezeleka kokuxilongwa akufanele kungasheshi ukunakekelwa uma kutholakala ukuxilongwa kwemitholampilo. I-Leptospirosis akuyona njalo elula ukuyihlolisisa. Ngokuvamile kudinga ilabhu ekhethekile. Ekuqaleni kokutheleleka, ama-antibodies ngeke aqiniseke, ngakho-ke ezinye izivivinyo ziyadingeka. Kuyinto isifo esingenaso isizwe e-US.
Kuyini Ukwelashwa?
I-Leptospirosis kufanele ilashwe ngama-antibiotics (i-doxycycline, i-penicillin, noma i-ceftriaxone).
Ingabe Kunomuthi Wokugoma?
Izinja, zikhona. Ama-serovars ambalwa kuphela (ama-strains) ahlanganiswa. Kubantu, umuthi wokugoma osebenza kahle uzodinga ukumboza inamba yama-serova futhi ucwaningo lwenziwe iminyaka.
Ingabe Izilwane Ezifuywayo Zingagula?
Yebo, ikakhulukazi inja yakho. Inja yakho ingagula kusuka ku-leptospirosis njengoba inja yakho ingena emanzini angcolile futhi igijima ngodaka ngaphezu kwakho. Kukhona umgomo wenja yakho uhlobo lwe-leptospirosis egonywe, kepha umgomo awukwazi ukumboza zonke izinhlobo. Uma inja yakho isulelekile, lokhu kuyisizathu esihle sokungathinti umchamo wabo - noma enye enye indle - ngezandla zakho futhi ugeze kahle uma kungenzeka. Ukugonywa kwezinja cishe kuye kwehlisa izifo ezinganeni nakwabanye abase-US.
Akuvamile ukuba ikati ligule nge-leptospirosis, kodwa ikati lakho lingatheleleka. Ikati lakho lingase libe nesandulela ngculazi ngaphandle kokwazi. Amakati anokuxhumana okuningi namagundane kunezilwane eziningi ezenzayo. Ukutheleleka kungaphala emcinini wabo ngenkathi bebonakala behle. Esinye isizathu esihle sokungaxhumani ne-cat pee.
Indlela Yokuba Smart Nge-Leptospirosis ku-Adventure Races
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