I-membrane ye-epiretinal yinkinga evame ukudideka nge- degular degeneration . Zombili izimo zithinta i-macula, ingxenye ekhethekile ye-retina esinika umbono obukhali, ophakathi, 20/20 . Noma kunjalo, izimo zihluke ngokuphelele futhi zingabangela izimpawu ezihlukile. Kunamagama amaningana ahlukene okwelinye ilanga. Amagama ahlukahlukene asiza ukuchaza izigaba noma izinkinga zesimo.
Amanye amagama angeziwe asetshenziselwa ukuchaza i-membrane ye-epiretinal afaka okulandelayo:
- I-Cellophane maculopathy
- I-pre-retinal macular fibrosis
- I-pre-retinal macular gliosis
- I-Macular pucker
- I-Vitreal-macular traction syndrome
Kuyini I-Membrane Yokuphefumula?
I-membrane ye-epiretinal yimbumbulu encane, ebonakalayo ebonakalayo engayenza ngemuva kwe- retina , ngokuvamile ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe-macula. Le membrane ingaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi inzima ukuyibona.
Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, lezi zingqimba zazibizwa ngokuthi i-cellophane maculopathy ngoba zazifana ne-plastic cellophane ecacile. I-membrane iyabonakala, kodwa uma uyikhetha, iba yinkimbinkimbi futhi ilula.
Abanye odokotela bamehlo babhekisela kumlenze wesibindi njenge-pre-retinal macular fibrosis, ebonisa ukuthi ukhona nokuthi wenzani. Lapho i-membrane ivumelanisa, ingabangela ukuba i-macula iqhubeke futhi iguquke kancane noma iphakanyiswe, ngakho-ke igama elithi "i-macular pucker." Lapho i-vitreous ihluleka ukutholakala kusuka ku-macula, kodwa isenkontileka, i-macula ingaba ikhishwa noma ikhishwe.
Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "i-vitreal-macular traction syndrome."
Izimbangela
Ngokuthakazelisayo, abantu abaningi abahlakulela i-membrane ye-epiretinal abanalo esinye isifo se-iso. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa izinguquko zemvelo eziguga ezitholakala kuyi-vitreous humor, i-gel egcwalisa ingxenye yangasese ye-eyeball.
I-vitreous igcwele amaphesenti angama-80 esweni.
Iqukethe izigidi zezintambo ezihlanganiswe ne-retina. Njengoba sikhula, i-vitreous igxuma futhi idonsela ebusweni be-retina. Uma iphuma, ibizwa ngokuthi i-vitreous detachment futhi iyingxenye evamile yokuguga. Uma umuntu enesitopu se-vitreous, ngokuvamile babona izindawo ezincane ezimnyama embonweni wabo noma emagcekeni. Lezi zintathu ngezinye izikhathi zibonakala njengezibubuko ezingase zihambisane nomkhakha wazo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, njengoba i-gel vitreous isuka ebusweni be-retina, inani elincane lomonakalo livela ku-retina. Ngemuva kokulimala, umzimba uzama ukuphulukisa indawo eyonakalisiwe bese ubeka isisindo samathambo noma izicubu ezincane. Lezicubu ezibomvu zibhekwa njengezitho zangasese. Njengakwezinye izindawo emzimbeni wethu, ngezinye izikhathi lezi zicubu ezibomvu ezinamandla zingase zenze isivumelwano. Ngenxa yokuthi le-membrane ihlanganiswe ngokuqinile ne-retina, njengoba i-membrane ivumelanisa, ingabangela ukuba i-retina ivumelane noma ibonakale.
Uma ngabe lezi zicubu ezibomvu kwakuzokwakha ingxenye yengxenye ye-retina yakho, cishe ngeke wazi. Kodwa-ke, lesi sithombeni sivame ukufakela kwi-macula, ingxenye ebucayi kakhulu ye-retina enesibopho esibukhali, esicacile, esivelele.
Lapho i-membrane ivumelanisa phezu kwe-macula, sibona umbono ophukile futhi ophikisayo.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi iningi lethu elithola isonto elimnyama elingaphandle liqhubeke nokuthuthukisa i-membrane yesibindi. Ukusabalala kwekhanda lokubeletha e-United States kunamaphesenti angama-4 abantu abangaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-60 no-14 kubantu abangaphezu kuka-60. Kubonakala sengathi ubudala buyingozi enkulu ekuthuthukiseni i-membrane yesibindi.
Ezinye izinto eziyingozi zihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:
- I-posterior encane ye-vitreous kusuka ku-trauma
- Izinyembezi zokubuyisa
- Ukuhlinzwa kweso
- Isifo sikashukela
- Isiphetho semikhumbi esweni
- Ukuvuvukala kwangaphakathi
Izimpawu
I-membrane ye-epiretinal ingabangela izimpawu ezihlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi okulandelayo:
- Umbono ogqamile
- Umbono ophikisiwe
- Okuncane, ukuphoqa noma ukukhanya kokukhanya
- Umbono ovela kabili
- Izinto zingavela usayizi ohlukile
Imiphumela
Iningi labantu abahlukunyezwa ngendwangu yesandulela ngculazi luvame ukuthuthukisa umbono obonakalayo. Njengoba isimo siqhubeka, i-metamorphopsia ingahlakulela. I-Metamorphopsia yigama elichazayo elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukuhlanekezeka kombono. Isibonelo, into ingase ibonakale ikhudlwana noma encane kunokuthi iyini ngempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umugqa oqondile ungabonakala ugobile noma ucezu lwalo lungase lube khona.
Abantu abahlakulela i-membrane ye-epiretinal kungenzeka ukuthi bangabonakali nje ngombono kodwa lo mbono ongenakwenzeka ungase uphambene kakhulu. Njengoba ukuguqulwa komzimba kunzima, umbono ungase uhlehlele ku-20/50 noma ngaphezulu. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu bahlakulela izitho zangasese ezincane futhi bangasoze bazi ukuthi banalo. Kule nkinga, i-membrane ikhona, kodwa ayivumelani ukuthi ukuqubuka kwe-retina kungeke kwenzeke.
Kungavamile kakhulu, abanye abantu bazokwakha inhlanhla ye-macula nokubona okuphambene kakhulu. Umbono ophikisiwe uzophinde uthuthuke uma i-vitreous ingatholi futhi iqala ukudonsa ku-macula. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, imbobo ye-macular ingase ifake. Ngokuya ngobukhulu nobukhulu bomgodi we- macular , ukulahlekelwa kombono ojulile okuphakathi kungase kwenzeke.
Ukuxilongwa
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekuhloleni i-membrane yesibindi ukubhekana nokuhlolwa kweso . Umbono wakho uzohlolwa ukukala izinga lombono wakho. Amehlo akho azohlanjululwa ngamaconsi akhethekile ahloselwe amehlo. I-retinal yakho ingabonwa yi-bio-microscope ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi isibani sokuqhafaza. Izibungu ze-epiretinal zingabonakala nale nsimbi.
Ukuze kuhlolwe ubunzima be-ambulance epirethinal, ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-OCT (optical coherence tomography) kuzokwenziwa. I-OCT isebenzisa ukukhanya ukubona ngeso lengqondo izendlalelo ezahlukene ze-retina. Emaminithini, udokotela wakho angabona ukuthi i-membrane isithinta kanjani i-macula. Ngale ndlela, inqubekelaphambili ingahlolwa ngokuphindaphinda izikweletu bese uziqhathanisa nezilinganiso ezisisekelo ukuze ubone ukuthi izinto ziyathuthuka noma ziyanda.
Okufanele Ukwazi
Iningi lezinambuzane ze-epiretinal zidinga ukuqapha okusheshayo. Uma i-membrane ye-epiretinal iqala ukubangela ukulahlekelwa kombono okhudlwana, udokotela wakho wezilanga angakutjhela kudokotela we-retinal. Uchwepheshe we-retinal angenza inqubo lapho i-membrane idonsa ngokucophelela i-retina ukuze ibuyiselwe umbono. Uma umgodi uqala ku-macula, isazi se-retinal sizozama ukulungisa umgodi. Ukulungiswa kwemishini yokuxubha imishini ngokuvamile kusiza ukubuyisela umbono othile. Ukuphumelela kwe-macular ukukhanda imbobo kuvame ukuxhomeke ekude kwesikhatsi sekube khona.
> Umthombo:
> Wong, JG, Sachdev, N., Beaumont, PE, Chang, AA "Imiphumela ebonakalayo ngokulandela i-vitrectomy nokukhishwa kwendwangu yesibindi." Isivivinyo seKlinikhi i-Ophthalmol . 2005; 33: 373-378.