Umbuzo ovamile owawufunwa abantu abanomlando we-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba uma bangathatha i-cephalosporin. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-penicillin kanye ne- cephalosporin yiziyo- antibiotics ezihlelekile.
Ngaphambi kokuba uphendule lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukuthi uqale uqaphele ukuthi noma ngabe umuntu uyamelana ne-penicillin ngempela yini-okungaqondakali okungaqondakali okungathinta ukunakekelwa kwakho.
I-Penicillin: I-Beta-Lactam Antibiotic
I-penicillin mhlawumbe ilungu eliyaziwa kakhulu leqembu lama- antibiotics okuthiwa i-beta-lactam. Wonke ama-antibiotic we-beta-lactam aqukethe isakhiwo esithile (esibizwa ngokuthi i-ring-beta-lactam ring) ngaphakathi kwe-makeup ye-molecular.
Ngaphandle kwe-penicillin, amanye ama-beta-lactam ahlanganisa:
- Izakhi ezivela ku-penicillin njenge-amoxicillin
- I-Cephalosporins efana ne-Keflex (cephalexin)
- I-Carbapenems njengo-Primaxin (imipenem)
Ukwelashwa kwe-Penicillin: I-IgE-mediated Response
Ukusabela okuvame kakhulu kwe-allergen kuya penicillin yi-IgE-mediated (Type 1) impendulo ye-hypersensitivity. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma evezwe i-penicillin, isimiso somzimba somuntu (uma i-allergenic) sizohlakulela amagciwane omzimba we-IgE. Lezi zinselo zomzimba zihamba futhi zizibophezela emangqamuzaneni athile emzimbeni womuntu, ezibangela ukuba zikhulule amakhemikhali. Lezi zimakhemikhali yizona ezibangelwa izimpawu zendlela yokuphikisa.
Izimpawu nezibonakaliso ze-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba ngokuvamile ziqala phakathi kwemizuzu kuya kwehora noma ezimbili zokuthatha izidakamizwa futhi zingafaka eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kokulandelayo:
- I-Skin Itching kanye / noma imifuba
- Ukushaya noma ukukhipha izindebe noma ulimi
- I-angioedema (ukuvuvukala komlomo, amehlo, umlomo, noma ulimi)
- Ukuphefumula nokuphefumula
- Kunzima ukugwinya
- Umfutho wegazi ophansi
- Lightheadedness
- Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
Kungani Ukunquma Ukwelashwa KwePenicillin Yangempela Kubalulekile
Ngokwezikhungo zokuLawula nokuvimbela izifo , amaphesenti angaba ngu-10 kubo bonke abantu baseMelika abika ukungezwani komzimba kumuthi we-antiictic anti-penicillin, kodwa ngaphansi kwamaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye (ahlobene nokuhlolwa kwesikhumba).
Mhlawumbe, babethelwe ngephutha ngokuthi i-penicillin igxilile eshadini labo noma isifo sabo sengqondo sokuxazululwa ngesifo isikhathi-cishe amaphesenti angu-80 abantu abane-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba balahlekelwa yi-hypersensitive emva kweminyaka eyi-10 (okusho ukuthi ayisona isifo sofuba).
Njengoba abantu abaningi abacabanga ukuthi bayagula i-penicillin akusikho, kubalulekile kuwe nodokotela wakho ukukhipha lokhu okungaqondakali okungalungile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ama-antibiotic ajwayelekile-mpahla avame ukunikezwa njengendlela ehlukile ku-penicillin.
Ama-antibiotic avulekile angakhuphula ingozi yakho yokulwa nokulwa namagciwane esikhathini esizayo futhi ngokuvamile ebiza kakhulu. Kanti futhi, i-antibiotic ehlukile enqunywe udokotela wakho ingase ingabi yiyona engcono kakhulu ekutheleleni kwakho.
Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-Penicillin yokungezwani komzimba: Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhumba Ingabe I-Gold Standard
Ukuze unqume ukuthi ngabe unesifo somzimba we-penicillin noma cha, udokotela wakho uzothatha umlando wokungabi nemithwalo yezidakamizwa futhi usekelwe kulolo lwazi ukunquma ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba se-penicillin (okudinga ukudluliselwa komzimba) kuyadingeka.
Isibonelo, mhlawumbe uqale ukucabangela noma ukutheleleka kwemvubelo uma ugcina ukuthatha i-penicillin. Lokhu akusilo ukungezwani okweqiniso, kodwa kunomphumela ohlangothini lwe-nonallergic.
Noma mhlawumbe awukaze uthathe i-penicillin kodwa unelungu lomndeni one-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba.
Lokhu, futhi, akuyona inkinga yokungezwani komzimba. Kulezi zimo, udokotela wakho uzoqhubeka futhi aphathe ukutheleleka kwakho nge-penicillin noma i-cephalosporin (uma kusebenza).
Ohlangothini lwe-flip, uma ungaqiniseki ngokusabela kwakho kwangaphambili ku-penicillin, noma uma udokotela ehlala engaqiniseki ukuthi ngabe ukuphendula kwakungokwemvelo yini noma cha, ukuhlolwa okufanele kwenziwe yi-allergenist kufanele kwenziwe.
Ukuphepha Ukuthatha I-Cephalosporin Nge-Penicillin Yokuzivocavoca
Ake sithi ubona i-allergenist, futhi ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba sakho kunomqondo omuhle we-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba. Kulesi simo, kufanele ugweme wonke ama-penicillin.
Kodwa-ke, usengakwazi ukuthatha i-cephalosporin ngaphansi kwesiqondiso esiseduze se-allergenist yakho.
Lokhu kungukuthi kuphela amaphesenti amancane abantu (cishe amaphesenti amathathu) ane-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba azosabela ku-cephalosporin-noma kunjalo, ukusabela kungaba nzima.
Uhlobo lwe-cephalosporin oluthathayo luzocatshangelwa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngenkathi ucwaningo lubonisa ingozi ephansi yokubhekana ne-cephalosporin kubantu abane-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba, kune-cephalosporins eyodwa-ye-first-generation cephalosporins efana ne-cephalexin (i-Keflex) ne-cefazolin (i-Ancef) eyenza amazinga aphezulu wokuphendula okwenziwe abantu abanobuhlungu i-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba kunabantu abangenayo i-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba.
Ezingxenyeni ze-flip, i-cephalosporin yesibili, nese-third generation cephalosporins, njenge-cefuroxime (Ceftin), cefprozil (Cefzil), cefdinir (i-Omnicef), ne-cefpodoxime (i-Vantin), abonakali kubangele ukubhekana nokugula okubangelwa abantu abane-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba .
Izwi elivela
Okubalulekile ukuthi ngenkathi abantu abaningi abanomlando we-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba bangakwazi ukubekezelela i-cephalosporins, odokotela abaningi basebenzisa ukuqapha lapho bebeka eyodwa, njengoba ukuphendula kungase kube nzima.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi kunezici eziningi ezihilelekile esinqumweni sokubeka i-cephalosporin, njengohlobo lokutheleleka oludinga ukwelashwa kanye nokufaneleka / ukutholakala kwama-antibiotic okungewona-penicillin / non-cephalosporin angasetshenziswa.
> Imithombo:
> Blumenthal KG, i-Shenoy ES, i-Hurwitz S, i-Varughese CA, i-Hooper DC, i-Banerji A. Imiphumela yesimiso semithi yokulwa nesifo sofuzo kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane ebeka umkhombandlela kumagciwane ahlinzeka ngemithi ehlinzeka ngemithi elwa namagciwane. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract . 2014 Jul-Aug; 2 (4): 407-13.
> Blumenthal KG, Solensky R, ukuhlolwa kokungezwani komzimba kokuhlolwa kwe-penicillin ngokushesha: Amasu okuhlola ukuhlolwa kwesigqabhezana kanye nokusebenza kabusha kwamanye ama-antibiotic e-beta-lactam.
> D ePestel DD et al. Ukusetshenziswa kweCephalosporin ekwelapheni iziguli ezine-penicillin. UJ Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2008 Jul-Aug; 48 (4): 530-40.