I-penicillin kanye nama-antibiotic ahlobene yiwona omuthi omdala kakhulu futhi asetshenziselwa kakhulu ama-antibiotic atholakalayo. Zisebenza ngokumelene nezinhlobonhlobo zezifo, ezingabizi futhi ngokuvamile zibekezeleleke kahle. Ngeshwa, ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-penicillin kuvamile kakhulu, kanti abantu abayi-10% babika ukungezwani komzimba kule mithi. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi uma abantu ababika ukuthi bayagula i-penicillin bavivinywa ngenxa yokungabi nabuthakathaka, cishe amaphesenti angama-90 awawutholakali, futhi akwazi ukuthatha imithi kahle.
Lokhu kuvamise ukuthi lokhu ukungezwani komzimba kuvamise okwesikhashana.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba kuyatholakala, kuyindlela elula kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile kuvame kumuntu ocabanga ukuthi ayengeneli ku-penicillin ukuthola ukuthi empeleni ayilangazi kumuthi we-antibiotic, noma ayisekho okwehla. Iningi lama-allergen likwazi ukwenza i-penicillin yokuvivinya umzimba.
Ukugwema i-Penicillin kungaholela kwezinye izinkinga
Iningi labantu abane-penicillin ukungezwani komzimba nje kugwema ukuthatha i-penicillin kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane ahlobene, njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-antibiotics okufanele zithathe uma kufaneleke ukutheleleka. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kuyindlela efanele ukuthatha? Ucwaningo oluningi lubonisa ukuthi uma umuntu ebizwa ngokuthi i-penicillin ihlushwa, kungase kuvele izinkinga eziningi ngenxa yokunikezwa amanye ama-antibiotic.
Okokuqala, izindleko zokuthatha ama-antibiotic angewona i-penicillin zikhuphuka ngokumangalisayo. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izindleko ezijwayelekile zama-antibiotic kumuntu onomzimba we-penicillin ukungezwani komzimba kungama-63% aphezulu kunalabo abangenayo i-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba.
Okwesibili, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic okungewona-penicillin, ikakhulukazi esibhedlela, kufaka umuntu engozini yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ngama-bacterial anti-antibiotic, njenge- vanocycin-resistant entococcus (VRE) . Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic okungewona-penicillin kungase kubeke umuntu engozini ephakeme yokuthuthukisa i- Clostridium difficile colitis , ukutheleleka okuyingozi emathuneni okubangelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinamandla.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-penicillin ukuhlolwa kokunciphisa umzimba kubantu ababika umlando we-penicillin ukungezwani komzimba kuye kwaboniswa ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic anamandla nakakhulu ngokweqile. Okunye ukuhlola kubonisile ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwe-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba, izindleko zama-antibiotics zokwelapha izifo ziwela ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-30%.
I-Penicillin Inhle Ebangelwa Ukubhekana Ne-allergenic
I-Penicillin iyakwazi ukwenza kalula ukubhekana nokugula kubantu ngoba ikhono layo lokubopha amaprotheni egazini nasemaseleni emzimbeni ukuze kuvuselele isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela. Le nqubo, ebizwa ngokuthi i-haptenization, iholela ohlelweni lomzimba lomzimba lungcono ekuqapheliseni i-penicillin njenge-allergen. Ukwehlisa isifo , noma ukuthuthukiswa kwama-antibodies anesifo esiphundu, ku-penicillin bese kwenzeka, okungaholela ekuphenduleni komzimba lapho umuntu evezwa i-penicillin esikhathini esizayo.
Izingxenye zohlolo lwe-Penicillin Yokuzivocavoca
I-Penicillin yokuhlolwa kokungenwa kwemfutho kuhilela ukusebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene okuhlola isikhumba, kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwekhanda lokugaya kanye nokuhlolwa kwe- intradermal skin , penicillin kanye ne-meticillin metabolites. Odokotela abaningi ababhekene nokuguga umzimba benza ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba nge-penicillin G (ifomu elijova le-penicillin elisefenjini elilodwa), Pre-Pen (benzylpenicilloyl polylysine) - i-metabolite enkulu ye-penicillin ngemuva kokuba umzimba uphule umuthi, kanye nengxube encane eyinhloko (MDM) ) equkethe ezinye "metabolites" ezincane.
I-MDM ayitholakali okwezomnotho ngalesi sikhathi, nakuba abanye be-allergen - njengalabo abasebenza ezilungiselelweni zamayunivesithi - bazokwenza inguqulo "yokuzenzela". Ukuhlolwa kwe-penicillin okufaka ukusetshenziswa kwe-MDM kunezela ngokunemba kokuhlolwa.
Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lokungenwa kwesifo sofuba nakho kuyatholakala ekuhloleni kwe-penicillin ukuhlolwa kwemithi, kodwa akuyona into enembile kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile akufanele isetshenziswe njengengxenye ye-penicillin yokungezwani kokuhlolwa kwesilonda.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Penicillin yokuzivocavoca komzimba kwenziwa kanjani
Ngokujwayelekile, ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okuqhamukayo kwenziwa kuqala, okukwazi ukubona i-penicillin ezwelayo kakhulu-abantu abasola.
Uma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba okubambekile kunomqondo omuhle, khona-ke lowo muntu ubhekwa njenge-allergic to penicillin, futhi akukho ukuhlolwa okungeziwe okwenziwe. Uma ukuhlolwa kwe-prick kungakalungi, ukuhlolwa kwekhanda le-intradermal kwenziwa ngezinsimbi ezifanayo. Ukuhlolwa kwekhanda le-Intradermal kubonisa abantu abaningi abane-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba kepha kungaba yingozi kubantu abanobucayi kakhulu. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwekhanda lokukhwabanisa kwenziwa kuqala.
Uma ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba ku-penicillin nakuma-metabolites ahlobene akulungile ukusebenzisa kokubili amasu okugwedla futhi angenalutho, khona-ke ithuba lomuntu olwa ne-penicillin lingaphansi kuka-5%. Abaningi odokotela bazizwa bengakhululekile ukubeka i-penicillin kanye nama-antibiotic ahlobene ne-penicillin kulowo muntu, nakuba abanye odokotela (kuhlanganise nami) namanje bancoma ukuthi banike umthamo wokuqala we-penicillin ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha, nokuqapha ihora noma amabili. Ngiphinde ngihambe kancane futhi nginselele ngomlomo kumuthi we-penicillin (ngokuvamile i-amoxicillin) ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kwezokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu angakwazi ukubekezelela imithi elwa namagciwane.
Uma noma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okukhulunywe ngenhla kulungile, khona-ke umuntu kufanele azibheke njenge-allergic to penicillin. Kulesi simo, i-penicillin kanye nemithi elwa namagciwane ehlobene kufanele igweme, ngaphandle uma kunesidingo esikhethekile se-penicillin - futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamanye ama-antibiotic ngeke kwanele. Ukwehla kwesifo se- penicillin kungenziwa, ngezinye izikhathi endaweni yehhovisi lezokwelapha, kodwa ngokuvamile endaweni yesibhedlela, ukuze umuntu akwazi ukubekezelela inkambo ye-penicillin. Kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi ukuhlukunyezwa kuphela kudlulela izinsuku ezimbalwa, ngakho-ke ukuchithwa kwemisebenzi akuholeli ukwelashwa kwemithi, kodwa ukubekezelela isikhathi esifushane semithi.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi antibiotics okufanele zigwenywe nge-penicillin yokungezwani komzimba .
> Imithombo:
> Pre-Pen iphakheji Faka. ALK-Abello. Iwebhusayithi ifinyelelwe ngoJanuwari 31, 2016.
> Fox S, Park M. Penicillin Ukuhlolwa Kwesikhumba Ekuhlolweni Nokuphathwa Kwe-Penicillin Ukuzivocavoca. Ann Ukuzivocavoca Isifo Somoya Immunol. 2011; 106: 1-7.
> Jug Nugent, Quinn JM, McGrath CM, et al. Ukunqunywa Kwengqondo Yokwenziwa Kwezisulu Emva kokuhlolwa kweSikhumba sePenicillin. Ann Ukuzivocavoca Isifo Somoya Immunol. 2003; 90: 398-403.