Ukuqamba Amanga Okuvamile Ngezenzo Ze-Sulfa Izidakamizwa
I-Sulfa yokungezwani komzimba yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukusabela kabi kwezidakamizwa kuma-sulfonamides, iglasi lezidakamizwa ezihlanganisa kokubili ama-antibiotic kanye nemithi engeyona imithi.
Kukhona ukungaqondi okuvamile ukuthi zonke izidakamizwa ze-sulfonamide zinezizathu zokubangela ukungezwani komzimba, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele. I-antibiotic sulfonamides (esetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukutheleleka kwama-bacterium) kungenzeka ukuthi ingabangela ukusabela okweqile kunezinye ezingenayo i-antibiobiotics.
Nakuba zonke izidakamizwa zinamandla okubangela ukungezwani komzimba, ama-sulfonamide angewona ama-antibiotic ayimithombo encane.
Sibutsetelo
Ezimweni eziningi, umuntu onomdlavuza we-sulfa uzobe esebhekene nesisindo somzimba esisodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezidakamizwa ezilandelayo zama-antibiotic:
- I-Septra (i-sulfamethoxazole ne-trimethoprim)
- I-Bactrim (i-sulfamethoxazole ne-trimethoprim)
- I-Pediazole (i-erythromycin ne-sulfafurazole)
Lezi zindlela akuzona zonke izinto ezingavamile futhi zithinta azungeze amaphesenti amathathu abantu bonke. Lesi yisilinganiso esifana nalokho okubonwayo nezinye izinhlobo zama-antibiotics, kuhlanganise ne- penicillin .
Abantu abathile babonakala bengengozini ephezulu ye-sulfa yokungezwani komzimba kunabanye. Lezi zibandakanya abantu abathile, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ukugubha kancane kancane izidakamizwa noma ukuba nesisombululo sokuzivikela somzimba (labo abamukela umzimba kanye nabantu abane-HIV).
Izimpawu
Izimpawu nobukhulu be-sulfa yokungezwani komzimba kungashintsha kodwa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukubukeka kwe-rash egcwele.
Imizwa ye-hives nokukhanya okulula ( izithombeensitivity ) nazo zivamile.
Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuqubuka kwesibindi kungase kuhambisane nokuvuvukala kobuso, izandla, izinyawo, nolimi (eyaziwa nge- angioedema ). Lokhu kuvamise ukuhamba phambili kokusongela ukuphila, ukuphendula komzimba wonke okubizwa ngokuthi uStevens-Johnson syndrome kanye ne- necrolysis eyingozi ye-epidermal .
Zombili lezi zimo zibhekene nokuhlunga okukhulu kesikhumba nokufa ngokushesha kwezicubu.
Okunye ukubonakaliswa okukhulu kwe-sulfa yokungezwani komzimba kufaka:
- Ukulimala kwesibindi, okubonakala ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo sofuba
- Ukulimala kwezinso noma ukwehluleka
- I-pneumonia-efana nesifo sokuphefumula
- I-Vasculitis , i-constriction yemithini yegazi nokugeleza kwegazi
Kubalulekile ukuthatha konke ukuhlaselwa okuhlobene nezidakamizwa ngokungathí sina kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kube mncane kangakanani. Kwezinye izimo, ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kwesidakamizwa sulfa kungashintsha ukuqhuma okuncane kube umcimbi osongela ukuphila.
Ukuxilongwa
Awekho ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma isikhumba okutholakala ukuxilonga isifo somzimba sulfa. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuphelele ekubonisweni kwezimpawu ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwesidakamizwa sulfonamide.
Ukwelapha
Ngokuvamile, umugqa wokuqala wokuphathwa kwe-sulfa yokungezwani komzimba ukuphela kwesidakamizwa esicatshangelwayo.
Ukwelashwa okuphuthumayo kungadingeka kubantu abanezimpawu ze-Stevens-Johnson syndrome noma i-epidermal necrolysis enobuhlungu. Lokhu kuzovame ukubandakanya izibhedlela, uketshezi olunamanzi, kanye nokungenelela okufanayo okusetshenziselwa ukubhekana nokushisa okukhulu.
Ezimweni ezinzima lapho izidakamizwa zakwa-sulfa kubhekwa kubalulekile ekwelapheni isifo, ukulingana okuncane kunganikezwa futhi kancane kancane kwande njengoba izidakamizwa zingcono ukubekezelela.
Lokhu kuvame ukudinga ukuqondiswa kwe- allergen ehlangene nezenzakalo ezinobuthi.
Imithi Yokugwema
Abantu abane-sulfa yokungezwani komzimba kufanele bahlole njalo nodokotela wabo ngaphambi kokuqala imithi emisha. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu kulabo abaye baphenduka kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kwama-antibiotic omlomo, ama-sulfonamide angama-topical kufanele agwenywe kuhlanganise:
- Amaconsi e-Sulfacetamide, ama-shampoos, noma ama-creams
- I-Silver sulfadiazine amafutha okugcoba asetshenziselwa ukwelashwa
- Amalungiselelo angasese kaSulfanilamide
Ngokufanayo, izidakamizwa zomlomo Azulfidine (sulfasalazine) , ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sofuba nesifo samathambo, kufanele sigwenywe.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingozi yokuziphendulela kwamanye ama-antibiotic sulfonamide aphansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuvamile iphephile ukuthatha izidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- I-Diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi) njengeHCTZ (hydrochlorothiazide) noLasix (furosemide)
- I-Oral sulfonylureas-isisindo semithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sikashukela
- I-celebrex (celecoxib), i-COX-2 inhibitor esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-arthritis nobuhlungu
I-Sulfite neSulfate Allerggies
Abantu bazovame ukuphutha isifo somzimba we-sulfa ngenxa yokungezwani komzimba we- sulfite , okugcina okuhlobene nokulondolozwa okutholakala ekudleni nasekudleni. Lezi zihlanganisa ama-agent anjalo wokuvikela njengalokhu:
- Sulfite sodium
- I-sodium bisulfite
- Metabisulfite sodium
- Potassium bisulfite
- I-potassium metabisulfite
Nakuba ama-sulfite angabangela ukungezwani , akukho buhlobo obuqondile phakathi kwe-sulfa ne-sulfite yokungezwani komzimba. Ngakho-ke, umuntu onomdlavuza we-sulfa akudingeki agweme ama-sulfites (noma ngokuphambene nalokho).
Okufanayo kusebenza nezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-sulfuric acid eyaziwa njenge- sulfates . Njengama-sulfite, ama-sulfate angabangela ukungezwani komzimba, kodwa izidakamizwa azikho neze ezihlobene ne-sulfonamide noma ingozi yokungena emdlalweni we-sulfa. Lezi zihlanganisa imithi enjengale:
- I-Albuterol sulfate esetshenziselwa ukwelapha iziphazamiso ezinobuthi
- I-iron sulfate esetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-iron-deficiency anemia
- I-Chondroitin sulfate esetshenziselwa ukwelapha i-osteoarthritis
- I-Codeine sulfate, umuthi we-opioid osetshenziselwa ukuphumula ubuhlungu
Izwi elivela
I-nuances ye-sulfa yokungezwani komzimba ingase ibe yinkimbinkimbi yokukhipha, ngisho nabahlinzeki abathile bezempilo. Yingakho kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho nganoma yikuphi ukuphendula kwangaphambili ongase ube nakho kumuthi we-sulfa (noma nanoma imuphi omunye umuthi wendaba).
Ngokwenza kanjalo, udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukuthola kangcono indawo engafanele engabangela ukungezwani komzimba.
> Imithombo:
> Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, et al. "Ukudakwa kwezidakamizwa: i-parameter yokusebenza ebuyekeziwe." Ann Ukuzivocavoca Isifo Somoya Immunol. 2010; 105 (4): 259-73. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.anai.2010.08.002.
> Wulf, N. kanye noMatuszewski, K. "Sulfonamide cross-reactivity: ingabe kukhona ubufakazi bokusekela ububanzi obuhamba phambili?" Am J Health Syst Pharm . 2013 Sep 1; 70 (17): 1483-94. I-DOI: 10.2146 / ajhp120291.
> Zawodniak, A .; Lochmatter, P .; Beeler, A. et al. "Ukwelapha kabusha ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa ekusebenziseni izidakamizwa kwe-sulfasalazine ne-sulfamethoxazole." Int Arch Ukuzivocavoca Immunol. 2010; 153 (2): 152-6. I-DOI: 10.1159 / 000312632.