Funda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olungcono kakhulu lwe-basal cell, cell squamous, ne-melanoma
Uma unendawo esolisayo esikhumbeni sakho, udokotela wakho angase ancoma i-biopsy ukuhlola umdlavuza wesikhumba . Lokhu kungase kukhumbuze imibuzo eminingana. Yiziphi izinhlobo zenqubo yomdlavuza we-skin biopsy ongenziwa, futhi kungani izinqubo ezahlukene zinconywa izilonda ezahlukene? Ingabe kuzolimaza? Ulwaziswa luni oluzokwaziswa ngudokotela wakho kusukela ku-pathologist futhi kuzoba yiziphi izinyathelo ezilandelayo?
Thola imininingwane eminingi mayelana nenqubo yomdlavuza we-skin biopsy, ngezansi.
Kuyini Ukuguqulwa Kwemdlavuza Yesikhumba?
Umdlavuza we-skin biopsy wenziwe ukuze ubone ukuthi indawo engavamile esikhumbeni sakho ingaba nomdlavuza. Umdlavuza wesikhumba yisimo esijwayelekile kakhulu, esithinta abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi minyaka yonke e-United States.
Izinhlobo ZeCanscer Skin
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zomdlavuza wesikhumba, futhi hlobo luni lomdlavuza wesikhumba onayo onquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza we-skin biopsy osetshenzisiwe.
- Isifo somdlavuza wesikhumba esincane : I- squamous cell carcinoma yesikhumba ngezinye izikhathi iqala njengesenzo se- actinic keratosis , isihlunu se-scaly esinesibomvu esihlobene nokukhanya kwelanga. Lona uhlobo lwesibili olujwayelekile kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba.
- I-Basal cell carcinoma yesikhumba: I- Basal cell carcinoma yindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yomdlavuza wesikhumba, obhekene namaphesenti angaba ngu-80 alawo mathambo. Ukubonakala kwe-basal cell carcinoma ngokuvamile kuvame futhi i-tumor ivame ukuqala njenge-bump esikhumbeni egcina ekucindezeleke phakathi nendawo (njenge-volcano.)
- I-Melanoma : I- Melanoma yilona uhlobo olubi kakhulu lomdlavuza wesikhumba futhi yilokho okubangela iningi labantu abafa kulolu sifo. Njengoba isifo se-melanoma (esithinta uhlelo lwezokwelapha kanye nesimo sakho sokuhlonza) kuxhomeke ekuqaliseni ngokunembile ukujula kwe-tumor, uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba ophikisana nodokotela wakho ozoba yisilondolozi sokugcina isisu ngokuqondile ngangokunokwenzeka.
I-squamous cell kanye ne-basal cell carcinomas zibhekwa njengezifo zengculazi ezingenayo i-melanoma futhi aziqabukeli. Iningi lezinqubo ze-biopsy zesikhumba zingasetshenziswa ukuxilonga lezi kansela, kodwa okufanayo akulona iqiniso nge-melanoma.
Izinhlobo ze-Cancer Biopsies
- Shave i-biopsy: i-biopsy ye-shave iyisifo somdlavuza wesikhumba esilula kakhulu esicacile kakhulu ngendlela ozogcoba ngayo ubuso bakho noma imilenze yakho, nakuba ejulile. Yilu hlobo olwenziwe kakhulu lwe-biopsy, futhi lusebenza kahle ngezilonda eziphakanyisiwe. Lolu hlobo lwe-biopsy lususa isendlalelo se- epidermal yesikhumba kanye nengxenye ephezulu yederm . I-biopsy ye-shave akufanele yenziwe uma i-melanoma icatshangwa (ezinye izindlela ze-biopsy kufanele zicatshangelwe izilonda ezinemibala). Ngokuvamile kuyindlela ekhethiwe yokuhlola izilonda zesikhumba ezinyaweni ngoba ingenayo ingozi yokuhlukanisa nokweqa emva kwenqubo. Ngemuva kokuba i-biopsy ithathwe, indawo lapho isikhumba sisusiwe khona ingaba ne-cauterized ukuvimbela ukuphuma nge-aluminium hydroxide isisulu noma i-nitrate yesiliva (nakuba lokhu kungaphazamisa isikhumba). Indawo kufanele igcinwe ihlanzekile futhi inomsoco ngesonto ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncipha.
- I-Punch biopsy: I-biopsy ye-punch yenziwa ngendlela efana ne-punch yephepha noma i-cookie cutter, futhi isusa isigaba se-cylindrical of tishu. Amathuluzi we-punch biopsy ahlukene kakhulu atholakalayo kanti udokotela wakho uzokhetha usayizi okwazi ukususa isampuli engcono kakhulu nesilinganiso esincane sokwehla. Indawo okumele ibe yi-biopsied ikhethiwe futhi isampula itholakala ngokushintshanisa ithuluzi. I-biopsy ye-punch ingasetshenziselwa ukuthatha isampula ye-lesion esolisayo (noma ngezinye izikhathi isuse sonke isilo uma sincane). I-biopsy ye-punch ithatha isampula ejulile kunokuba i-biopsy ye-shave, isuse i-epidermis, i-dermis, kanye nenani elincane lamathishu angaphansi (noma i-subcutis). Indawo ivame ukuvalwa nge-suture. Uhlobo olwehlukile lwe-biopsy kufanele lucatshangelwe uma kwenzeka kucatshangwa i-melanoma.
- Ama-biopsies angenangqondo kanye ne-excisional: I-biopsies engabonakaliyo kanye ne-excisional zombili zenziwa ngomese wokuhlinzeka. Umehluko wukuthi i-biopsy yokuxolisa (kunconywa uma i- melanoma icatshangwa) kwenziwa ukususa lonke lesi sifo, kanti i-biopsy engaqondakali isusa ingxenye nje yokuhlola. I-elliptical incision ivame ukukwenziwa ukuze kusize ngokuvala ukuchotshozwa ngemuva kokususwa kwezicubu.
Ukukhetha ukuphika okulungile
I-biopsy ye-shave noma i-punch biopsy ingacatshangwa uma isilonda sinomsolo wesifo se-basal noma umdlavuza wesikhumba sesikhumba se-squamous, kodwa i-biopsy yokuzikhethela (mhlawumbe i-biopsy ebanzi kakhulu) kufanele ifakwe uma kwenzeka i-melanoma.
Naphezu kwemihlahlandlela evezwe yi-American Academy of Dermatology, lezi zincomo azilandelwa eduze. Ngo-2016, kwatholakala ukuthi kwakukhona umehluko omkhulu endleleni ama-dermatologists ase-US alandela ngayo le mihlahlandlela. Ngokwesibonelo, uma kufika ama-melanomas ocwaningweni owodwa:
- Amaphesenti angu-35 atholakala nge-biopsy shave
- Amaphesenti angu-11 atholakale nge-punch biopsy
- Ngama-melanomas ayenziwa ngokufanelekile nge-biopsy eyinqaba, amaphesenti angu-31 asuswe ngokunciphisa okuncane, kunokuba kuphakanyiswe okubanzi okuphakanyisiwe
Nakuba izifundo zakamuva zingatholakali ukuthi uhlobo lomdlavuza wesikhumba we-skin ewenza umehluko omkhulu ekusindeni njengoba kwacatshangwa esikhathini esedlule, i-biopsy efanele ikhulisa ukuchithwa kwesifo nokuxilongwa komdlavuza, okuthinta ukhetho lwakho lwezokwelapha nokubikezela.
I-crux yalezi zithole ukuthi udinga ukuba ummeli owaziyo uma kuziwa ekunakekeleni ukwelashwa kwakho. Buza imibuzo, ukhethe ngokucophelela abahlinzeki bakho, futhi unganqikazi ukuthola umbono wesibili.
Ingabe Uzolimala Kwe-Biopsy?
Ngaphambi kokuba umdlavuza wesikhumba we-skin biopsy uyenze, udokotela wakho uzongena esikhunjeni, ngokuvamile ngokufaka injini ye-lidocaine kuyo yonke indawo ukuba ibe yi-biopsied. Kulabo abanomthelela kakhulu ebuhlungu, indawo ingabalwa kuqala nge-lidocaine yama-topical esetshenziselwa imizuzu engu-20 noma engu-30 ngaphambi kokujova kwe-lidocaine. Ukulandela i-biopsy, kufanele ube nobuhlungu obuncane.
Ukuphulukisa
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluhlobo luni lomdlavuza wesikhumba oye wawenza, kubalulekile ukugcina ukuchotshozwa kwakho noma indawo ye-biopsy ihlanzekile. Ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukulimala lapho kwenziwa i-biopsy, kodwa ungakwazi ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa ngokugcina indawo ihlanzekile ukugwema ukutheleleka (okungaholela ukwanda) futhi ngokugwema ukucindezela indawo ebizwa nge-biopsied.
Izinkinga
Izinkinga azivamile nge-biopsy yesikhumba kodwa zingabandakanya ukuphuma nokutheleleka. Uma unesifo sokuphuma kwegazi noma kunoma imiphi imithi eyenza ukwanda kwegazi, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Khumbula ukuthi ezinye izithako ze-herbal zingakhuphuka nokuphuma kwegazi.
I-pathology
Ngokuvamile kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba udokotela wakho athole umbiko we-pathology kusukela ebhodini. Lokhu kunquma ukuthi indawo yesikhumba isifo somdlavuza noma cha. Buza udokotela wakho lapho elindele ukuthola umbiko futhi athole ukuthi uzokubiza ngemiphumela noma uma udinga ukuhlela ukuqokwa kokulandela.
Uma i-biopsy yakho yesikhumba yembula i-melanoma, kungenziwa ezinye izinto eziphilayo ukuze zihlolwe i-lymph nodes endaweni eseduze ne-tumor. Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinzuzo nezingozi zokudonswa kwe- lymph node ne-melanoma.
Okubalulekile
Uma unesifo somdlavuza wesikhumba wegazi lesikhumba ngenxa yesilonda esingavamile esikhumbeni sakho, mhlawumbe uzizwa ucindezelekile. Akusizi lapho abantu bephakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka "kuphela" kube nomdlavuza wesikhumba. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lomdlavuza luyesaba futhi kuvamile ukuzwa ukwesaba. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma umdlavuza wesikhumba ubanjwa futhi uphathwe kusenesikhathi, uyaphila, ngakho ukubona njalo i-dermatologist yokuhlola ihlale ingumqondo omuhle.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphumela yakho yembula umdlavuza noma cha, thatha isikhashana ufunde ngokuvimbela umdlavuza wesikhumba . Ukugqoka i-sunscreen ebanzi nsuku zonke-ikakhulu uma kufanele ube ngaphandle isikhathi eside-kubalulekile, kanye nokuhlala endlini phakathi nosuku, ukufuna umthunzi, nokugqoke izingubo eziphephile zelanga ezifana nokulinda , izigqoko, nezibuko.
> Imithombo:
> Farber, A., noD. D. Rigel. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezenzo Zamanje Amaphethini we-US Dermatologists Versus Guidelines Eshicilelwe ye-Biopsy, Management Management Initial, kanye nokulandelwa kweziguli ezine-Primary Melanoma Primary Cutaneous. Umagazini we-American Academy of Dermatology . 2016. 75 (6): 1193-1197.
> Kasper, uDennis, Anthony Fauci, uStephen Hauser, uDan Longo, noJameson. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. I-New York: I-McGraw-Hill Education, 2015. Phrinta.
> Madu, F., Wouters, M., no A. van Akkooi. I-Sentinel Node Biopsy kuMelanoma: Izingxabano Zamanje Ezifakiwe. I-European Journal of Oncology Yokuhlinza . 2016 Aug 24. (Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta).
> I-Library Kazwelonke Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha. I-Skin Lesion Biopsy. Kubuyekezwe 12/02/14. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003840.htm