Izimpawu, Ukuxilongwa, Ukwelapha, Nokuguqulwa
Umdlavuza we-metastatic emaphashini kusho ukuthi umdlavuza wesinye isifunda somzimba usakaze emaphashini.
Elinye igama lomdlavuza we-metastatic emaphashini ngumdlavuza wesibili emaphashini, njengoba umdlavuza oyinhloko yindawo emzimbeni lapho umdlavuza waqala noma owavela khona.
Isibonelo, uma umdlavuza webele usakazeka emaphashini, uzobizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza webele nge- metastasis emaphashini, noma umdlavuza wamabele ngamasiphasethi wamaphaphu.
Ngeke kuthiwa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngoba uma ubheka ubuhlungu be-metastasic ngaphansi kwe-microscope, uzobona ukuthi amangqamuzana ebelethwe umdlavuza, hhayi amaseli wamaphaphu anomdlavuza.
Njengobalulekile eceleni, uma ufuna ukwaziswa ngomdlavuza oqala emaphashini bese usakazeka kwezinye izifunda zomzimba, hlola imetastatic (isigaba 4) umdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Sibutsetelo se-Canast Metastatic kuya emahlathini
Ungase umangale uma uthola ukuthi imitholampilo yamaphaphu ivame kakhulu, eyenzeka ngamaphesenti angama-30 kuya kwangu-55 ekhansela eliphakeme. Nakuba cishe noma yimuphi umdlavuza ungasakazeka emaphashini, amanye angaphezu kwamanye ukwenza kanjalo. Ngalokho, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza ezithintekayo emaphashini zihlanganisa:
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho:
- Umdlavuza weColon
- Umdlavuza wezinso
- I-Melanoma
- Umdlavuza we-Ovarian
- Umdlavuza we-Pancreatic
- Umdlavuza we-prostate
- Umdlavuza obala
- Umdlavuza wesisu
- Umdlavuza we-Thyroid
- Umdlavuza wesibeletho
Ngezinye izikhathi, odokotela abakwazi ukucacisa ukuthi indawo oyinhloko yomdlavuza iphi.
Kulesi simo, babhekisela emdlalweni njengomdlavuza ongaziwa nge-metastasis emaphashini.
Indlela I-Cancer Isakazeka ngayo
Ngenkathi amangqamuzana avamile angacatshangwa ngokuthi "anamathele," ngoba anama-molecule okunamathela ewagcina ndawonye, amagciwane omdlavuza ahlukile . Abenzi lezi zimamozane zokunamathela, ezivumela ukuba zikhululeke futhi zihambe njengoba zifuna.
Uma uhamba, amangqamuzana omdlavuza angadlulisela ngqo emaphashini, njengama-cancers aqala ngodonga lwe-esophagus noma esifubeni. Kodwa iningi lamangqamuzana omdlavuza ahamba ngokungaqondile, ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezintathu ezikhona :
- I-Bloodstream (ebizwa ngokuthi i-spreadmat hematogenous): Amangqamuzana omdlavuza angase "avuza" emithanjeni encane yegazi eduze kwezicubu bese esetjenziswa emaphashini nge-arteriary arteries.
- I-Lymphatics: Amangqamuzana omzimba angangena emanzini amancane lymphatic futhi ahambe ngezinyawo zethrafu (kubandakanya i-lymph nodes).
- Ukusabalala kwe-Pleural nokusabalala kwendiza: I-pleura ibhekisela ezingxenyeni ezungeze amaphaphu. Lolu hlobo lokusabalala luvame ukulinganiselwa kumathumba amaphaphu futhi ajwayelekile kakhulu.
Izimpawu Zama-Metastases Ama-Lung
Ama-metastases ama-lung ngokuvamile awabangeli izimpawu. Uma kunjalo, ama-metastases angatholwa ekuhlolweni kwe-radiological, njenge-CT scan, eyenziwa ukufuna ukusabalalisa komdlavuza.
Uma izimpawu zikhona, ngokuvamile zifana nezimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu oyinhloko , njenge:
- Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- Ukuhlanza igazi (elibizwa ngokuthi i-hemoptysis) noma i-sputum enegazi
- Ubuhlungu esifubeni, ehlombe nasemhlane
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- Izinga eliphansi le-oxygen (okuthiwa i-hypoxemia)
- Ukukhishwa kwamagama
Njengoba umdlavuza we-metastatic uveza ukuthi umdlavuza oyinhloko usakazeke emzimbeni, izimpawu ezijwayelekile njengokukhathala, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachazwanga , kanye nokuncipha kwesidlo kuvamile.
Ukuxilongwa kweMungastases yamaLung
Uma udokotela wakho esolwa ukuthi unezimpawu zamaphaphu, kunezivivinyo eziningana angazicabangela. Lokhu kufaka:
- I-x-ray yesifuba (i-x-ray yesifuba kalula ilahlekelwa ama-metastases amancane)
- CT scan of the esifubeni
- Iskena se-PET
- I-biopsy ye-Lung (noma i-biopsy ye-sindle noma i-pulp biopsy evulekile)
- Ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi abizayo uma kutholakala umfutho wezinyembezi
- I-bronchoscopy
Imiphumela yalezi zifundo ze-imaging zinganikeza ubufakazi obanele bokuthi i-metastases, nakuba kungadingeka ukuthi i-biopsy idingeke ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Ukwelashwa kwama-Lung Metastases
Ukwelashwa komdlavuza we-metastatic kumaphaphu ngokuvamile kuvunywa umdlavuza oyinhloko, noma umsuka womdlavuza.
Lezi zokwelapha zingase zibandakanye ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal, imithi ehlosiwe, i-chemotherapy, i-immunotherapy, noma inhlanganisela yokwelashwa.
I-Chemotherapy ivame ukwelashwa okukhethwa kukho, futhi ivame ukunikezwa njenge- palliative therapy , okuyinto yokwelashwa okunikezwa isikhathi eside sokusinda nokunciphisa izimpawu. Ukwelashwa kwe-palliative akuhloswe ukuphulukisa umdlavuza. Noma kunjalo, ezimweni ezingavamile, njengomdlavuza we-testicular emaphashini, i-chemotherapy ingase ibe nokwelapheka.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa okuhlinzekwa ngamaphasimase emaphaphu (okuthiwa i-metastasectomy) kubhekwa. Ukuze lokhu kusebenze kahle, udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isisu sakho esiyisisekelo sisusiwe ngokuphelele, nokuthi yonke imetastase iyakwazi ukukhishwa ngekhono (ngokuhlinzwa ngokukhishwa). Uma kunjalo, i-metastasectomy ingathuthukisa ukusinda kwakho.
Ngaphezu kokuhlinzekwa, i- radiotherapy yomzimba (stereotactic radiotherapy) (i-SBRT) , ebizwa nangokuthi "i-cyberknife," ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziselwa ukuphatha imithi emaphashini emdlalweni kwezinye izitho.
Isibikezelo seMungastases yama-Lung
Ngeshwa, umdlavuza osakaze emaphashini (okuthiwa isigaba somdlavuza wesi-4) uvame ukuphulukiswa. Lokho kusho ukuthi kuvame ukuphulukiswa kakhulu, kanti udokotela wakho uzokhuluma nawe mayelana nokwelapha okungakwandisa impilo yakho, kanye nokunikeza ikhwalithi engcono kakhulu yokuphila.
Isilinganiso sokusinda, esichazwa njengephesenti yabantu abaphila iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu emva kokuba umdlavuza wabo utholakala, uhlukahluka ngokubanzi ngokuya ngesisu esiyisisekelo. Isibonelo, ukusinda kuphezulu kunama-tumor njengomdlavuza we-testicular oye wasakazeka emaphashini (amaphesenti angu-73 weminyaka yokusinda) kanti futhi ephansi kunazo zonke izicubu ezinjenge-melanoma esakaze emaphashini (amaphesenti angu-15 ukuya kwangu-20 amaphesenti amahlanu okusinda).
Okuphambene nalokhu ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ukuchazwa kwesifo somdlavuza ngamaphasimase amaphaphu kuzokwenza ngcono esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Kakade isigaba sesine se-Cancer siphendule emitholampilo , njenge- immunotherapy , ngezindlela ezingazange zenzeke eminyakeni embalwa edlule.
Izwi elivela
Ngokufingqa, amathisaseli wamaphaphu noma umdlavuza we-metastatic emaphaphu kwenzeka lapho umdlavuza ovela kwenye indawo yomzimba, njengebele noma isisindo, usakazeka emaphashini. Iningi labantu abaneziphazamisi zamaphaphu abanalo izimpawu, kodwa bangathola ukukhwehlela, ubuhlungu besifuba noma i-hemoptysis.
Okokugcina, imishanguzo yamaphaphu ivame ukuphathwa njengengxenye yomuthi wokwelapha yomdlavuza oyinhloko, kanti ngenkathi amagciwane e-metastatic ngokuvamile engelapheki (kukhona okungajwayelekile), ukwelashwa kungase kwandise impilo futhi kuthuthukise izinga lokuphila ngokulawula izimpawu.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. (2016). Amanani Okusinda Emdlalweni We-Cancer.
> Bartlett EK et al. Ukunyuka kwe-metastasectomy yonke izinhlobo zemdlavuza kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule. I-Cancer . 2015 Mar 1; 121 (5): 747-57.
> Miller, K., Siegel, R., Lin, C. et al. I-Cancer Treatment kanye ne-Survivorship Statistics, ngo-2016. I-CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians . 2016. 66 (4): 271-289.
> National Cancer Institute. (2017). I-Canast Metastatic.
> Wang, H., Zhang, C., Zhang, J. et al. Ukuhlaziywa Kwama-Prognosis We-Pattern Metastasis Ehlukene kwiziguli ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-Cancer Subtypes: I-SEER Based Based Study. I-Oncotarget . 2017. 8 (16): 26368-26379.