Uma uhamba, ungakhohlwa ama-malaria wakho
Unyaka ngamunye, kubikwa amacala angu-1 700 e-malaria e-US, ngokusho kwamaCenter for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Lesi sifo, esake sichithwa, sabuyelwa ngenxa yabahambi ababeyiletha phesheya kwezilwandle.
Namuhla, abahambi bangathatha isinyathelo ngokuqapha imithi yokuvimbela i-malaria-prophylaxis. Abahambi kufanele babone ochwepheshe bezokwelapha nge-prophylaxis ngaphambi kokuhamba.
I-Malaria yisifo esibi kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi ihlasela abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-200 ngonyaka, kubangele ukufa kuka-600 000.
Abahlinzeki bokunakekelwa kwezempilo bazonikeza izidakamizwa ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekuhambeni kokuya. Lezi zidakamizwa zihlanganisa: i-Malarone, i-Doxycycline, i-Chloroquine, i-Mefloquine, ne-Primaquine. Ngamunye usebenza ngokuhlukile. Abanye basebenza ezinhlotsheni ezithile zePlasmodium ezibangelwa ukushavalala kwe-malaria ( P. falciparum , P. vivax , P. ovale , P. malariae , P. knowlesi). Ezinye izinkinga zingamelana nemithi ethile. I-knowlesi ye-P isanda iba yinkinga kuMalaysia nasekuzungezile.
Iningi le-malaria e-US livela ekuhambeni ukuya e-Afrika, ikakhulukazi eNtshonalanga Afrika. Izwe elilodwa elivame kakhulu lapho i-malaria etholakala khona yizihambi zase-US, noma kunjalo, eNdiya. Lesi sifo sitholakala nasezindaweni ezithile zaseLatin America, eChina, e-Indonesia nakwezinye izindawo. Amazwe angenalo malariya kulo lonke; izindawo eziphakeme eziphakeme, izinkangala, izinkathi ezibandayo kanye nezinhlelo zokuqedwa kwe-malaria zingagcina i-malaria isuke ingasebenzi.
I-CDC inikeza ulwazi ngabahlinzeki bezempilo mayelana nokuthi yimiphi imithi esebenza ezweni ngalinye.
Nazi ezinye zezinganekwane ezenza kube khona ingozi ye-malaria:
Inganekwane 1: Ngiyakwazi ukuthatha imithi uma ngigula.
I-Malaria yisifo esibulalayo. I-Falciparum ye-malaria ingabangela ngokushesha izifo ezinzima ngokulahlekelwa ukwazi, ukugabuka, ukushaqeka, ukuhluleka kwezinso, ukuphefumula kanzima, noma ukushaya isisu.
Ukunakekelwa okudelelwe kungasho imiphumela embi kakhulu, engasho ukufa.
Imithi idinga ukuqhubeka ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube amasonto amane ngemuva kokubuya. Ngisho noma uzizwa kahle, ungathuthukisa amasonto e-malaria, izinyanga, noma ngisho nonyaka. Imithi akufanele imiswe. Kungaba nzima ukuthola ukwelashwa nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okudingekayo nge-malaria. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-prophylaxis kunokufaka engozini yokugula kwangempela.
Inganekwane 2: Ngingaqala imithi uma ngifika lapho.
Ezinye imithi ye-malaria idinga ukuthathwa ngemva kwamasonto amabili ngaphambi kokufika. (Mefloquine, Chloroquine)
Inganekwane 3: Sekwephuzile kakhulu ukuqala imithi. Ngiyahamba maduzane.
Eminye imithi ingaqala eyodwa kuya kwezinsuku ezimbili ngaphambi kokushiya. (I-Doxycycline, i-Malarone, i-Primaquine)
Inganekwane 4: Ngine-malaria ngaphambili, ngizobe ngilungile.
Ukwenza i-malaria kanye noma kabili ingenzi isandulela ngculazi nje.
Ngemuva kwezifo eziningi eziphindaphindiwe ebuntwaneni, abanye baqala ukuvikela igciwane lesandulela ngculazi, kodwa lokhu kucatshangelwa kucatshangelwa ukuthi uma umuntu eshiya indawo ye-malaria futhi engahloliswanga ngokuphindaphindiwe. Abanye abanawo malaria izikhathi ezanele zokuthuthukisa ukuzivikela okuwanele ngakho-ke bangengozi kungakhathaliseki.
Ngisho nalabo abanezinhlobo zokuzivikela ezivikela i-malaria bangakwazi ukuthola i-malaria, njengabantu abanegciwane le-sickle cell.
Inganekwane 5: Ngiya ekhaya, ngakho ngizobe ngilungile.
Ingxenye yamacala e-malaria e-US aphakathi kwalabo ababuyela ezweni lakubo futhi bavakashela abangane nomndeni. Abafuduki bokuqala nezizukulwane sesibili basengozini enkulu. Ngisho nalabo abakha igciwane lesandulela ngculaza phakathi nengane bayoba engozini.
Inkolelo-ze 6: Ngingasebenzisa nje imishanguzo ye-malariya enganginayo kwenye indawo.
Izindawo ezahlukene zidinga imithi ehlukene. Ezinye izindawo zinokuphikiswa kwezidakamizwa. Ezinye izindawo zinezinhlobo ezahlukene ezidinga ama-meds ahlukene.
Inganekwane 7: Imiphumela emibi ayifanele.
Uma uzobe usengozini yangempela ye-malaria, imithi iwufanele ngempela.
U-Malariya ubulala abantu abangaphezu kuka-600 000 ngonyaka. Lona umphumela omubi kakhulu wokungathathi imithi. Uma udinga imithi, udinga imithi. Imithi ehlukene inezimo ezihlukile. Enye yezinto ezibhekene nemiphumela emibi yilezi zihlotsheni nezinye izinkinga zempilo yengqondo nezengqondo ezihlobene ne-mefloquine. Lezi zindlela zingagwenywa ngokuthatha ezinye izidakamizwa, ezingahambisani. Ngokuvamile i-Chloroquine ihlotshaniswa nemiphumela emibi yengqondo.
Ezinye izidakamizwa nazo zingahambisana neminye imiphumela emibi. I-Doxycycline ingabangela izinkomba zokushisa kwelanga nezinkinga zemathunjini. I-Primaquine yinkinga kulabo abanesifo se-G6PD. Imiphumela emibi yemithi yezidakamizwa ingagwenywa ngokukhetha imithi ehlukile. Lezi zidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi, zihluke kakhulu. Imiphumela emibi evela komunye ayihumushi emibikweni yeminye imithi. Xoxa nodokotela wakho ingozi yakho ye-malaria kanye nemithi etholakalayo ukuba wenze kahle.
Inganekwane 8: Imithi izongenza ngilungise.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemithi ye-malaria enezimo ezihlukahlukene. I-Mefloquine, ikakhulukazi, ingabangela ushintsho lwesistimu yezinzwa nemiphumela yengqondo yengqondo. Abanye abavame kakhulu babe nemiphumela emibi yengqondo evela ku-chloroquine. Ezinye izidakamizwa zingathathwa uma lokhu kukukhathazeka.
Inkolelo-ze 9: Ngeke ngithole ukuhlaywa kwemiyane.
Abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi bangaphi ubuhlungu bokuthi bahlaselwe. Insect repellant yedwa ayikwazi ukuvimbela konke ukukhala. Ezindaweni ezinezinga eliphezulu le-malaria, lokhu kungaba yingozi. Kodwa-ke, ukuphilisa izinambuzane nge-DEET, ukulala ngaphansi kwamanethi okulala kanye nezikrini zewindi, nokugwema amachibi amancane amanzi asemanzi ayasiza.
Inganekwane 10: Imithi ye-Malaria ayikwazi ukuthathwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.
Eqinisweni, i-malaria iyingozi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kunezidakamizwa ezingasetshenziswa njenge-prophylaxis ekukhulelwe.