Iyiphi Indima Yenza Ama-Capillaries Adlale Kuhlelo Lokujikeleza?
Ama-capillari yizona izitsha zegazi ezincane kakhulu emzimbeni, ukuxhuma imithwalo encane kunazo zonke emithanjeni encane kakhulu. Lezi zitsha ngokuvamile zibizwa ngokuthi "i-microcirculation."
Ukwakhiwa kwama-Capillaries
Ama-Capillaries awoncane kakhulu, angaba ama-micrometer angaba ngu-5 ububanzi, futhi akhiwa izingqimba ezimbili kuphela zamaseli; ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwamaseli wokuphela kanye nengqimba yangaphandle yamaseli e-epithelial.
Zincane kangaka ukuthi amangqamuzana egazi abomvu adinga ukugeleza ngefayela elilodwa. Uma wonke ama-capillary emzimbeni womuntu ayehlanganiswe efayela elilodwa, umugqa wawuzokwelula amamitha angu-100,000. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlamvu eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-40 emzimbeni womuntu wesilinganiso. Ukuzungeze lolu ungqimba lwamaseli kukhona okuthiwa i-membrane engaphansi, ungqimba lwamaprotheni azungeze i-capillary.
Ama-capillaire ku-System Circulatory
Ama-capillari angacatshangwa njengengxenye eyinhloko yokusakaza. Igazi liphuma enhliziyweni nge-aorta kanye nemithambo ye-pulmonary iya emzimbeni wonke nasemaphashini ngokulandelana. Le mibhoshongo emikhulu yaba i-arterioles encane futhi ekugcineni igxile ukwenza umbhede we-capillary. Kusukela kuma-capillary, igazi ligeleza emangqamuzaneni amancane bese efika emithanjeni, ebuyela emuva enhliziyweni.
Umsebenzi we-Capillaries
Ama-capillaries anesibopho sokusiza ukuthutha nokushintshaniswa kwegazi, uketshezi, kanye nezakhi zomzimba emzimbeni.
I-Gas Exchange
Emaphashini, i-oksijeni ihlukana ne- alveoli ibe ama-capillari ukuze ifakwe ku-hemoglobin futhi ithathwe kuwo wonke umzimba. I-carbon dioxide (ephuma e-deoxygenated blood) iphinde igeleza kusukela kuma-capillaries abuyele e-alveoli ukuze idonswe emvelweni.
Ukushintshaniswa kwe-Fluid ne-Nutrient Exchange
Ngokufanayo, uketshezi kanye nezakhi zomzimba zihlukanisa ngama-capillari ekhethiweyo amakhemikhali omzimba, futhi imithwalo yemfucuza ilandelwa kuma-capillaries okumele athuthukiswe emithanjeni eya ezinso nasibindi lapho kusetshenzwa khona futhi kususwe emzimbeni.
Izinhlobo zama-Capillaries
Kunezinhlobo ezingu-3 eziyinhloko zama-capillaries:
- Okuqhubekayo - Lawa ma-capillari ayinawo ama-perforations futhi avumela kuphela amancane amancane ukuba adlule. Zikhona emisipha, isikhumba, amafutha, nezicubu zomzimba.
- I-Fenestrated - Lawa ma-capillari anama-pores amancane avumela ama-molecule amancane ahambe futhi atholakala emathunjini, izinso, nama-endocrine.
- I-Sinusoidal noma i-discontinuous - Lawa ma-capillari anama-pores amakhulu-avulekile ngokwanele ukuvumela i-cell cell. Zikhona emnothweni wamathambo, ama-lymph nodes, kanye ne-spleen, futhi, empeleni, "i-leakiest" yama-capillaries.
- Isivimbelo segazi -Esigungwini sezinzwa esiyinhloko ama-capillaries akha okuthiwa yi -barrier-brain brain . Lesi sithintelo sinciphisa ikhono lama-toxin (futhi, ngeshwa, amaningi ama-chemotherapy agents) ukuze adlulisele ebuchosheni.
Ama-Capillaries Aphuma Ngegazi
Njengoba igazi ligeleza ngama-capillary lidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni umzimba, ungase uzibuze ukuthi kwenzekani lapho ukuguquka kwegazi kuguquka, isibonelo, uma ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuzokwehla ( hypotension .) Imibhede ye-Capillary ilawulwa ngento ethiwa ukugulisa, ukuze uma ingcindezi yegazi ingadonsa, ukugeleza ngama-capillaries kuzoqhubeka nokuhlinzeka nge-oksijeni kanye nezakhi ezithombeni zomzimba.
Ngokuzivocavoca, imibhede eningi ye-capillary iyabhalwa emaphashini ukulungiselela isidingo esandayo se-oxygen ezicubu zomzimba.
Ukugeleza kwegazi ema-capillaries kulawulwa yi-precapillary sphincters. I-precapillary sphincter yizintambo zomzimba ezilawula ukuhamba kwegazi phakathi kwama-arterioles nama-capillari.
I-Capillary Microcirculation
Umthethonqubo wokuhamba kwamanzi phakathi kwama-capillaries kanye nama-tissu amancane angaphakathi azongelwa ukulinganisa amabutho amabili: ukucindezela kwe-hydrostatic nokucindezela kwe-osmotic.
Ehlangothini lobuciko lwama-capillary, ukucindezela kwe-hydrostatic (ingcindezi evela enhliziyweni egaxa igazi kanye nokuqina kwe-arteries) iphezulu.
Njengoba ama-capillari "aphikisayo" le ncindezi ibangela amanzi nezidakamizwa ezibhekene nezindonga zama-capillary futhi angena esikhaleni nasesikhungweni sezinhlangothi.
Ehlangothini lwe-capillary, ukucindezela kwe-hydrostatic kuye kwehla kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingcindezi ye-osmotic ye-fluid ngaphakathi kwe-capillary (ngenxa yobukhona be-salti namaprotheni egazini) elidonsela amanzi amanzi e-capillary. Umfutho we-osmotic ubizwa nangokuthi ingcindezi ye-oncotic futhi yilokho okudonsa uketshezi kanye nemikhiqizo yezinto ezilahlayo ngaphakathi kwezicubu futhi zibe yi-capillary okufanele ibuyiselwe egazini (bese ihanjiswa izinso phakathi kwamanye amasayithi.)
Inani lama-Capillaries
Inani lamakhompiyutha emathisini lingahluka kakhulu. Ngokuqinisekile, amaphaphu agcwele ama-capillari azungeze i-alveoli ukuze athole umoya-mpilo futhi aphume i-carbon dioxide. Ngaphandle kwamapayipi, ama-capillari ayanda kakhulu kwezicubu ezisebenza ngendlela engcono kakhulu.
I-Capillaries 'Ebonakalayo'
I-Skin blanching - Uma wake wake wazibuza ukuthi kungani isikhumba sakho siphenduka uma ubeka ingcindezi kuyo impendulo i-capillaries. Ukucindezela esikhumbeni kucindezela igazi ngaphandle kwama-capillaries okubangelwa ukubukeka kwe-blanching noma okuphaphathekile lapho ingcindezi isusiwe.
Ukugcwalisa ama-Capillary - Odokotela bavame ukuhlola "ukubuyiswa kwe-capillary". Lokhu kuhlolwe ngokubheka ukuthi isikhumba siphenduka kanjani ngokushesha ngemuva kokucindezeleka futhi sikwazi ukunikeza umbono wezempilo wezicubu. Isibonelo salokhu kusetshenziswa kuzoba kubantu abanokushisa. Ukushiswa kwezinga lesibili kungabonisa ukugcwalisa kwe-capillary ukuba kuphuze kancane, kodwa ngokushisa kwezinga lesithathu, bekungeke kube khona ukubuyiswa kwama-capillary nhlobo.
Izimpendulo eziphuthumayo zivamise ukuhlola ukugcwalisa i-capillary ngokusunduza eminwebeni noma ukuxhuma, bese ukhulula ukucindezela futhi ulinde ukubona ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuba isilwane sibonakale siphinde siphindwe. Uma umbala ubuya phakathi kwemizuzwana emibili (isikhathi sithatha ukusho ukubuyisela i-capillary), ukujikeleza kwesandla noma umlenze cishe kulungile. Uma ukubuyiswa kwamapillary kuthatha imizuzwana engaphezu kwemibili, ukusakazwa kwesilungu cishe kusonakele futhi kuthathwa njengokuphuthumayo. Kukhona ezinye izilungiselelo lapho ukuvuselelwa kwe-capillary kuphuze khona, njengokungasebenzi kwamanzi.
Ukwehlukanisa okwesithathu nokwabelana ngamaphilisi - Ungase uzwe odokotela bakhuluma ngesenzakalo esaziwa ngokuthi "isikhala sesithathu." Ukuphefumula kwamapayipi kusho ikhono lamanzi okuphuma kwamapillari angena ezihlotsheni ezizungezile. Ukuphefumula kwamapayipi kungandiswa ngama-cytokines (leukotrienes, histamines, ne-prostaglandins) ekhishwa ngamaseli omzimba omzimba. Uketshezi okwenyuka (ukuhlukanisa okwesithathu) endaweni yangakini kungabangela imifantu. Uma umuntu egula kakhulu, lokhu kuhlukaniswa okwesithathu ngenxa yamaphilisi amancane kungase kube yande, unike umzimba wabo ukubonakala kwesibindi.
Amasampula egazi yamapayipi - Iningi lesikhathi lapho unegazi lakho elidonsa khona, ochwepheshe uzothatha igazi emthanjeni engalweni yakho. Igazi le-Capillary lingasetshenziselwa ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwegazi, njengalabo abaqapha ushukela wegazi labo. I-lancet isetshenziselwa ukusika umunwe (ukusika ama-capillaries) futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola ushukela wegazi negazi pH.
Izimo ezibandakanya ama-Capillaries
Kunezimo zombili eziningana nezivamile futhi ezibandakanya ama-capillaries. Eminye yalezi zihlanganisa:
Ithebula lewayini le-Port - "uphawu lokuzalwa" - Izingane ezi-1 ezingama-300 zizalwa "ngamamaki okubeletha" ahlanganisa indawo yesikhumba esibomvu noma ephuzi ehlobene nama-capillari ehlanjululwe. Iningi lamathambo ewayini lokudoba yinkinga yezithokozi kunokukhathazeka ngokwezokwelashwa, kodwa ingase iphuze kalula lapho icasuliwe.
I-capillary malformation - i-malter syndrome ye- malter - I-Capillary malformation ingenzeka njengengxenye ye-syndrome ezuzwe njengefa esivela ku-1 kwabangu-100 000 abantu base-European ancestry. Kule syndrome, kunegazi lokugeleza okungaphezu kokuvamile ngokusebenzisa ama-capillari eduze kwesikhumba, okuholela amachashazi abomvu nezibomvu esikhumbeni. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke yedwa, noma abantu bangase babe nezinye izinkinga zalesi sifo ezinjengezinkinga ezingekho emthethweni (ukuxhumana okungavamile phakathi kwemithambo yegazi kanye nemithanjeni), lapho ebuchosheni, kungabangela ukuphathwa ikhanda nokugubha.
I-syndrome ye-capillary leak syndrome - Isifo esingavamile esibizwa ngokuthi i-capillary leak syndrome kuhilela ama-capillary anamahloni okuholela ekuhlanganiseni njalo kwesikhumba kanye neziqephu zokuphelelwa amandla ngenxa yokudonsa okusheshayo ekucindezelekeni kwegazi.
Ukuchithwa kwe-Macular - Ukwehla kwe-macular, manje imbangela ehamba phambili yobumpumputhe e-United States, kwenzeka okwemvelo ukulimala kwamapillary we-retina.
> Imithombo:
> I-Reference Home yase-Genetics. I-Capillary Malformation - I-Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome. Kushicilelwe ngo-11/08/16.
> I-Library Kazwelonke Kazwelonke Yezokwelapha. Ama-Capillaries.