I-armenivenous malformation (AVM) yiqembu lemithambo yegazi elingaxhunyiwe ngokungahambisani ngomunye nomunye. I-AVM ingenzeka kuwo wonke umzimba, futhi ama-AVM engqondo angase abe yingozi kakhulu. Ngenxa yesakhiwo sabo, elinye igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza i-AVM lithi "i-fistula e-arteriovenous."
Sibutsetelo
Ama-AVM akhiwe ngamarridi nemivimbo exhunyiwe komunye nomunye ngendlela engavamile.
Ukuxhumeka kwe-Artery-to-Vein
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zemithwalo yegazi: imishanguzo kanye nemithanjeni. I-arteries iletha igazi eline-oksijeni elicwengekile enhliziyweni kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba. Njengoba imishanguzo ihambela izicubu, igxila emithanjeni yegazi emincane, ize ibe yincane futhi imincane. Le ndawo yemithambo yegazi encane iyaziwa ngokuthi umbhede we-capillary, lapho i-oxygen ihanjiswa khona ngqo esitokisini ngasinye emzimbeni. Imibhede yamapayipi ihlangene ndawonye ukuze yenze imithanjeni, futhi ikhula kancane kancane njengoba iphuma ezintweni eziya enhliziyweni nasemaphaphu, lapho igazi ligcwaliswa khona nge-oxygen.
Thola okuningi mayelana nemithambo yegazi ehilelekile ku-stroke lapha .
Ukuxhumana okungavamile kwe-Artery-to-Vein Connections
I-AVM yeBrains yenziwe ngamarridi kanye nemivimbo ehlanganiswe ngendlela yokuthi akukho embhedeni we-capillary nhlobo. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi ingcindezi ye-arteries ihanjiswe ngqo emithanjeni ngaphakathi kwe-AVM.
Lokhu kugeleza okungavamile kwegazi kudala indawo yokucindezela okukhulu kanye nokuvunguza okukhulu okubangela i-AVM ukuba ibe mkhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi kuthinte umsebenzi wezicubu zobuchopho ezizungezile.
Kubukeka Kanjani?
I-AVM yobuchopho ihluka ngobukhulu. Ezinye zincane futhi zingeke zidale neze izinkinga. Abanye benza imigudu emikhulu futhi ehlukumezayo ye-arteries eyenza kakhulu lapho ixhuma ngqo emithanjeni ye-AVM.
Ama-AVM angatholakala noma yikuphi ebuchosheni, kuhlanganise ne-cortex ye-cerebral, indaba emhlophe, ne-brainstem.
Ubani Othuthukisa I-AVM Brain?
Ama-AVM enkomba abathintekayo ngo-0.1% wabantu, futhi akhona lapho ebeletha, kodwa azivami ukuthinta ilunga elilodwa lomndeni ofanayo. Zenzeka cishe ngokulingana kwamadoda nabesifazane.
Izimpawu zingaqala nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, kodwa kuvamile ukuthi abantu bathole ukuthi baneminyaka engama-50 ubudala.
Izimpawu
I-AVM ingase ichithe noma iqhume, ibangele izimpawu ezinzima zesimiso esincane se- subarachnoid . Cishe isigamu sama-AVM senza izimpawu zabo zokuqala ngale ndlela. Izimpawu ze-AVM ephukile zibandakanya ubuhlungu bekhanda okungazelelwe, obukhulu, ubuthakathaka bunye ohlangothini noma umzimba, ukuhlukunyezwa, ukudideka, ukulahlekelwa ulwazi noma ubuhlungu bekhanda eliphikelela.
Cishe isigamu salabo abanesifo se-AVM izimpawu ngisho noma i-AVM ingagcini. Lezi zimpawu zingabandakanya ukuhlukunyezwa , ukuphathwa ikhanda, kanye nezimpawu zesifo sohlangothi ezifana ne-hemiplegia noma i-hemiparesis.
Ukuxilongwa
Ngokuvamile, i-CT yobuchopho noma i-MRI yobuchopho kuyadingeka uma udokotela wakho ecabanga ukuthi ungase ube ne-AVM.
Uma ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzekile ebuchosheni, i-AVM ingaba nzima ukuyikhomba ngenxa yokuba khona kwegazi eliseduze. Ezinye izivivinyo, ezifana ne- cerebral angiogram, i- MRA yobuchopho noma i-CTA yobuchopho ngokuhlola ngokuqondile isitsha segazi ebuchosheni, futhi singasiza ngokucacile ukukhomba i-AVM.
Ukwelapha
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokwelapha etholakalayo zihlanganisa ukususwa okuhlinzekwayo, ukusungulwa kwe-endovascular, kanye ne-radiosurgery ye-stereotactic - konke okungase kusetshenziswe noma kuyedwa noma kuhlangene. Umgomo walezi zokwelapha ukunciphisa ingozi yokugcoba, noma ukukhipha kabusha.
Inkinga ekhona ngaphansi kokucwaninga okukhulu ukuthi ngabe odokotela kufanele baphathe ama-AVM atholakele ngaphambi kokuba abangele ukuphuma kwegazi. Ingozi yokuphuma kwegazi isilinganiselwe ingozi yokuhlinzwa ngayinye-ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezinjengezempilo jikelele kanye nokukwazi ukubekezelela ukuhlinzwa, indawo, ubukhulu kanye nokuma kwe-AVM.
Isibikezelo
Ukuchazwa kwe-AVM kuncike ezintweni eziningana, kuqala ukuthi i-AVM itholakele ngaphambi noma ngemva kokuphuma kwegazi. Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-90 kwalabo abashisayo basinda kulo mcimbi. Kulabo abatholwa i-AVM ngaphambi kokuphuma kwegazi, ukuchazwa ngokuqondile kuhlobene ngqo nobukhulu be-AVM, izimpawu, ukusondela ezindaweni ezibalulekile zobuchopho nokuthi ngabe i-AVM iyaphathwa noma cha.
Izwi elivela
Kungenzeka ukuthi utshelwe ukuthi wena noma othandekayo une-AVM. Uma unesisindo sezinzwa njengobuthakathaka ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi, kuzomele udinga ukuvuselelwa lapho uthola khona. Ngokubanzi, ngokulandela ngokucophelela uphinde ukwelashwa, ukubikezela kwakho kuhle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-AVM yakho ivulekile noma cha, uhlelo lwakho lwezokwelapha luzohlanganisa ukulandela okulandelayo neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo njengoba wena nodokotela bakho benquma ukuthi noma cha ukwelashwa okuhlinzayo kuyisinyathelo esifanele kuwe.
> Umthombo:
> Ukuhambisana nezihloko ezibukeziwe zokubuyekezwa kobuchopho ngokuchasene nobuchopho kanye nemikhombandlela yesitatimende se-PRISMA: Ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi. U-Akhigbe T, iZolnourian A, iBulters D, J Clin Neurosci. Ngo-2017 Meyi; 39: 45-48