Ukucindezelwa Kwegazi Eliphansi

Okubalulekile ngokucindezeleka kwegazi eliphansi

Umfutho wegazi ophezulu (isifo somfutho wegazi ophezulu) yisimo esidokotela esaziwayo esithinta abaningi abangaba yizigidi ezingu-80 baseMelika. Okuphambene nalokho, ukucindezeleka kwegazi okungezansi (hypotension), kungenzeka ukuthi kungabi negama lomkhaya, kodwa kufanelekile ukwazi okwengeziwe ngoba kungabangela izinkinga zempilo, ikakhulu uma kwenzeka ngokuzumayo.

Kungani Ukucindezelwa Kwegazi Okuphansi Kuphathelene Nakho?

Umfutho wegazi ingcindezi emithanjeni yakho, imithwalo yegazi enezimbambo ezithwala igazi nge-oksijini emaphashini akho kuwo wonke umzimba wakho.

Ukucindezelwa kwegazi kulinganiswa ngamamitha ayi-mercury (mm Hg) nokufunda kwakho kunamanani amabili:

• Inombolo ephakeme yi- systolic blood pressure , okubhekisela ekucindezelekeni okudalwe emithanjeni enenhliziyo ngayinye.
• Inombolo ephansi yi- diastolic yegazi , noma ingcindezi emithanjeni lapho inhliziyo iphumula phakathi kwesigqoko ngasinye.

Kunempilo ukugcina ingcindezi yakho yegazi ngaphansi kwe-120/80 mm Hg .

• Indlela Yokuqaphela Izimpawu Zokucindezeleka Kwegazi Eliphansi

• Lapho Ukucindezelwa Kwegazi Eliphansi Kubangela Ukukhathazeka Kwezempilo

Kodwa uma ingcindezi yegazi ingaphansi kuka 90/60 mm Hg, kungase kungabi phezulu ngokwanele ukuletha igazi okwenziwe oksijini kuzo zonke izitho zakho, ikakhulukazi izitho ezibalulekile ezifana nobuchopho. Yingakho i-hypotension inokukhathazeka okunjalo.

Umzimba Wakho Nokucindezela Kwegazi

I-arteries ine-layer layer ye-muscular ephendula izibonakaliso ezivela emitholampilo ye-nerve kuwo wonke umzimba. Lezi zimpawu zitshela ukuthi imishanguzo yanda noma yenze isivumelwano uma kudingeka ukuthi uqhubeke nokuhambisa i-oxygen ngokuphumelelayo lapho futhi uyidinga khona.

Isibonelo, uma uma ngokuzumayo noma uvuka ngemuva kokulala phansi, izitho zomzimba ezitholakala emzimbeni wakho zithumela izibonakaliso ngokusebenzisa isimiso senzwa esisemkhathini kuya emithanjeni yakho, okwenza imisipha emdongeni we-artery ukuba ivumelane futhi yandise umfutho wegazi okwanele ukuletha oksijini ngaphezulu ukuze unikeze ubuchopho bakho.

Isistimu yakho yezinzwa zomphakathi iphinda ibonise inhliziyo yakho ukuthi ishaye ngokushesha kakhulu ukuze inxephezele ushintsho ekuthumeni kwakho.

Kodwa-ke, uma isimiso sezinzwa singasabele ngokushesha ukuze sihlawulele ukuguqulwa kwengcindezi, igazi lakho lingase libe nesibalo ezingxenyeni eziphansi zomzimba. Lokhu kungaholela ekunciphiseni ukugeleza kwegazi kuya ebuchosheni, okwenza umuzwa wokuzondeka noma ubukhulu obuncane nokudonsa komshini wakho wegazi ophumelelayo, owaziwa ngokuthi i- orthostatic or postural hypotension . Umfutho wegazi ophansi ohlangene nawo ungase uvele uma uhlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokushintsha isikhundla.

Ngaphandle kokuphendula okunciphise ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi, i- plaque ingase iwakle emithanjeni yakho ngokuguga , okwenza ukuthi imishanguzo encane inganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi enhliziyweni yakho nasebuchosheni.

I-autonomic neuropathy kanye ne-peripheral neuropathy , ekhonjelwa umonakalo wezinzwa futhi ingabangelwa izifo ezinjengesifo sikashukela, futhi zithinte ikhono lomzimba lokulawula ukucindezeleka kwegazi, okubangele ukuxilongwa kwe-postural hypotension.

Izimbangela Ezivamile Zokucindezelwa Kwegazi Eliphansi

• Ukwehla kwamanzi, okungabangela ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, nokuthuthumela ngokweqile

• Ukulimaza umzimba, okungaqeda ikhono lomzimba ukukhokhela umthamo wegazi owenziwe

• Imithi: Ngaphandle kwemithi ephakeme yegazi, okungashintsha kokubili ukucindezela komzimba kanye nokushaya kwenhliziyo, i-nitrate esetshenziselwa ukuphatha ubuhlungu besifuba, imithi yokwelashwa kwe- erectile , ezinye izidambisigciwane kanye nemithi yokulwa ne-antipsychotic ziyaziwa ukuthi zibangele ukucindezeleka kwegazi eliphansi. Imithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha abantu abane-Parkinson's disease nayo ihlotshaniswa ne-postural hypotension.

• Izinkinga ze-Hormonal, ezifana ne-hypothyroidism noma ushukela ophansi wegazi (i-hypoglycemia)

• Ukungaphumeleli kwenhliziyo , okuholela ekuqhumeni okungenakusebenza ngenhliziyo
• I-Arrhythmias (izilinganiso ezingenangqondo zenhliziyo), ezivimbela inhliziyo ukuthi ingenzi amandla anesivumelwano esanele
• Isifo sesibindi
• Ukukhulelwa
• Ukucindezeleka: Umfutho wegazi lakho ungaphinda uphonsa ngokuzumayo futhi ubangele ukuphelelwa amandla noma ubukhulu obukhulu ekuphenduleni ukucindezeleka okukhulu ngokomzwelo. Kulezi zimo, isistimu yakho ye-central central ingase igcwale amandla.

• I-Sepsis, ebangelwa ukutheleleka okukhulu futhi ukuphendula komzimba ngomzimba
• I-Anaphylaxis, okuyisifo esibi kakhulu esiphundu esibangela ukuwa kwegazi ngokungazelelwe futhi okungase kube yingozi. Izimbangela ezivamile zokuphendula kwe-anaphylactic zihlanganisa i-shellfish, i-penicillin, namantongomane. I-Epinephrine isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela imishanguzo futhi kwandise ukucindezelwa kwegazi kubantu abenza ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic.

Izimpawu Nezimpawu Zokucindezeleka Kwegazi Eliphansi

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiyiphi imbangela, ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphansi kungabangela ukuntuleka kwe-oxygen ebuchosheni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Uma une-blood pressure encane kodwa ungatholi noma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu, khona-ke ingcindezi yakho yegazi kungenzeka ukuthi ayiyona inkinga. Izimpawu zokucindezela kwegazi okuphansi zifaka:

• Lightheadedness noma isiyezi
• Ukuphoqa (i-syncope)
• Umbono ophundlekile
• Ukubunzima ukugxila
• Ukushisa, isikhumba, isikhumba esiluhlaza
• Okuncane, ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• Okwesithathu nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi
• Ukukhathala
• I-nausea

Iyini Ukwelashwa Ngegazi Elincane?

Njengoba ukucindezelwa kwegazi okuphansi kungaba umphumela wezimo eziningi ezihlukene, ukwelashwa kungase kube ngokuqondile esimweni esibangela yona.

• Yiziphi Izimbangela Zokucindezeleka Kwegazi Eliphansi?

Nazi ezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zomfutho wegazi ophansi ngezokwelapha ezihambisanayo:

• Ukunciphisa ivolumu yegazi: Lokhu kungenziwa ngenxa yokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi, noma ekulahlekelweni kwegazi ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa noma ukuphuma kwangaphakathi. Iphathwa nge-volume ngokushintshwa ngamanzi okushisa futhi ngezinye izikhathi nemikhiqizo yegazi.
  
• I-Orthostatic noma i-postural hypotension ngenxa yemibandela yesistimu eyinhloko isivame kakhulu njengoba sikhula. Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukufuna imbangela. Lokhu kungadinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. Kuze kubonakale imbangela ye-postural hypotension yakho, kubalulekile ukugwema izinto ezibonakala zivusa inkinga, njengokuvuka ngokuzumayo kusuka endaweni ehlezi noma ehlala phansi.
  
• Imithi engabangela i-hypotension ihlanganisa i-beta-blockers, i-calcium channel blockers, i-ACE inhibitors, ne-diuretics, konke okusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu. Ezinye izidakamizwa, kubandakanya izidakamizwa zokulwa nezifo, antipsychotics, kanye nezidakamizwa zokwelashwa kwesifo sikaParkinson, kungase kube imbangela. Uma usanda kuqala imithi emisha futhi ube nokuqala komfutho wegazi ophansi, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokunciphisa umthamo wakho, abeke omunye umuthi, noma ayeke ukwelashwa. Ungase uhlakulele ukubekezelela umphumela esikhathini esingamasonto.
  
• I-hormonal (i-endocrine) imbangela yokucindezela kwegazi ephansi ihlanganisa ukungakwazi kahle, okubizwa ngokuthi isifo se-Addison; umsebenzi ophansi we -roid ( hypothyroidism ); izifo zezingqungquthela eziphathekayo; futhi ushukela ophansi wegazi. Uma une-endocrine imbangela ye-hypotension, ukushintshwa kwe-hormone elahlekile kungadingeka. Uma inkinga yakho ye-endocrine ingumphumela wesifo, kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokhetho, kuye ngokuthi indawo nhlobo uhlobo lwesisu.
  
• Ukukhulelwa kungabangela nomfutho wegazi ophansi. Umfutho wegazi ushintsha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ngendlela engalindelekile, kuye ngokuthi umthamo wegazi lomzimba uhambelana kangakanani nezidingo ze-fetus. Kodwa-ke, ukucindezelwa emithanjeni enkulu yegazi ngesibeletho kungabangela ukucindezeleka kwegazi eliphansi. Uma kwenzeka, ushintsho esesikhundleni liyadingeka. Ngasekupheleni kokukhulelwa, kuyasiza ukuhlala ohlangothini lwesobunxele, okunciphisa ingcindezi emithanjeni yegazi kusukela esibelethweni nesisu esakhulayo.
  
• Ukuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco, kuhlanganise nokuntuleka kwensimbi, i-vitamin B12, ne-folate, kungabangela i- anemia , engabangela ukucindezelwa kwegazi okuphansi. Ukwelapha kabusha kuzosiza, kepha abanye abantu bayodinga uketshezi noma ukumpompela igazi.
  
• Umfutho wegazi ophansi ngokwemvelo ukhuluma ngokucindezela kwegazi okuphansi ngemva kokuma isikhathi eside noma umfutho wegazi ophansi nge-syncope okubangelwa umcimbi ongokomzwelo omkhulu. Abantu abasha bavame ukuhlushwa futhi isimo ngokuvamile sixazulula ngokushesha.
  
• I-Anaphylaxis yisenzo esibi kakhulu sokuziphikisa okungaba yingozi. Kungabangela ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphansi kakhulu, izinkinga zokuphefumula, ukuvuvukala emqaleni, nemisipha. Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa ukungezwani komzimba we-penicillin, ukungezwani kwe-peanut, i-shellfish, kanye nezinyosi zezinyosi. Abantu abazi ukuthi banomdlavuza obalulekile kumele bagweme izinto abaziphendulele kuzo, kepha kufanele baphathe i-EpiPen, okuyi-self-injection yomuthi we-epinephrine. I-epinephrine isetshenziselwa ukuphatha i-anaphylaxis emnyangweni ophuthumayo.
  
• Izinguquko enhliziyweni yakho isigqi zingabangela ukucindezela kwegazi okuphansi kanye ne-syncope. Uma kunjalo, ungadinga imishanguzo yokulwa nomzimba noma i-pacemaker. Ukwenza lokhu kuhloliswe, udokotela wakho angalawula ukuqapha kwamahora angu-24 wakho, oyogqoka ekhaya lakho njengoba uhamba ngemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
  
• Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kungabangela ukucindezela kwegazi okuphansi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo yisifo esiqhubekayo esiphethwe kahle yi-cardiologist. Kunezidakamizwa ezingakwandisa isenzo senhliziyo, kodwa abanye abantu bangadinga ukufakelwa kwenhliziyo.
  
• Isifo sesibindi, kuhlanganise ne- cirrhosis , singabangela ukucindezela kwegazi eliphansi ngoba isibindi asikwazi ukukhiqiza amaprotheni adingekayo ukuze agcine amanzi egazini ngaphakathi kwegazi. I-cirrhosis ilawulwa kangcono yi-gastroenterologist noma i-hepatologist, ongakwazi ukunikeza imithi yokwehlisa izimpawu. Njengoba i-cirrhosis isigaba sokuphela sesifo sesibindi, abanye abantu bangadinga ukufakelwa kwesibindi.
  
• Ukwesatshiswa kwe-Septic kungumphumela wesifo esibucayi futhi impendulo yomzimba yomzimba. Kungabangelwa ubuthi be-bacteria egazini legazi. Kulezi zimo, kubalulekile ukwelapha ukutheleleka, kodwa ukunakekelwa okusekelayo-kuhlanganisa ukungena kwamanzi (IV) kanye nemithi yokukhulisa i-blood pressure (vasopressors) -ngesinye isikhathi kudingeka kuze kube yilapho usendleleni yokuthola imithi.

Izwi elivela

Uma uhlangabezana neziqephu zokuzondeka noma ubukhulu obukhulu uma ushintshe isikhundla, ungase ube nesimo se-postural hypotension. Uma usanda kuqala imithi emisha, kufanele ubuze udokotela wakho uma kungaba isici. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlala kahle kahle uma usebenzise ngamandla ngamandla okushisa okukhulu futhi uma uthinteka yizinkinga zomzimba ezingasenza ukuhlanza noma uhudo. Uma ulimele futhi uzizwa uhlaziyekile, bheka uchwepheshe wezempilo wezempilo ngokushesha ukuze ubone ukuthi uke wehla ngokuphawulekayo kwevolumu yakho yegazi. Ngokuvamile ukucindezeleka kwegazi kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kwenzeka ngokuzumayo noma uma kungumphumela wesinye isifo.

> Imithombo:

> Anaphylaxis. (nd). Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-www.www.aaaai.org/conditions-and-treatments/allergies/anaphylaxis.aspx

> Umkhuba we-Freeman R. Clinical. I-hypotension ye-neurogenic ye-orthostatic. N Engl J Med . 2008 Feb 7. 358 (6): 615-24. [Medline].

> Mathias CJ. Ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa ezizimele. I-Neurology ku-Practice Clinical . IBoston, iMisa: iButterworth-Heinemann; 1996. 1953-81.

> Mukai S, Lipsitz LA. I-Orthostatic hypotension. Umtholampilo. I-Geriatr. I-Med. 18 (2), 253-268 (2002).

> Oner T, Guven B, Tavli V, Mese T, Yilmazer MM, Demirpence S. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) kanye noVithamini B12 Ukuntuleka Kwama-Adolescents. Izingane zokwelapha . 2014 Jan. 133 (1): e138-42.