Kuyini isiteleka sesi-4 somdlavuza wesifo sofuba, yiziphi izifo ezitholakalayo, futhi yiziphi izibikezelo?
Umdlavuza we-prostate wesigaba 4 yisigaba esiphezulu kakhulu sesifo. Kusho ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze ngaphesheya kwe-prostate ezindaweni ezikude zomzimba.
Ukuqonda ukusetha
Uhlelo olujwayelekile kakhulu lokusetshenziswa komdlavuza wesifo sofuba yisistimu yezinhlelo ze - TNM . Enye indlela esetshenziswe ezinye izibhedlela nodokotela yi-system ye-Jewett yokuguqula izidakamizwa ezenza izicubu zibe sesiteji A ukuya esiteji D.
Ngesistimu ye-TNM, izincwadi zimelela:
- I-T ingokwesayizi we-tumor.
- N kungenxa yokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node. I-N0 isho ukuthi umdlavuza awusakazeki kunoma yiziphi izitho zamagciwane. I-N1 isho ukuthi i-tumor isakaze kuma-lymph nodes eseduze. I-N2 isho ukuthi i-tumor isakaze ezindaweni zamakhansela ezikude.
- I-M i-metastase. I-M0 isho ukuthi umdlavuza we-prostate awusakazekeli ezithombeni ezikude. I-M1 isho ukuthi umdlavuza we-prostate usakazekele ezithombeni ezikude - amathambo yindawo ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zomdlavuza we-prostate.
Umdlavuza we-prostate uthathwa isigaba 4 ngezindlela ezintathu ezahlukene:
- Isithomba se-T4 esingenayo ukubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node futhi ayikho imithinethi.
- Noma yisiphi isisu esinamasondo kanye nezindlovu eziseduzane ezihle (N1) futhi azikho izinsalela.
- Noma yisiphi isisu esiyisisodwa kuphela nesimo se-lymph node (akekho, ama-node aseduze, noma ama-nodes akude asebenzayo) kanye nama-metastases kwenye indawo yesigungu (M0).
Izimpawu
Izimpawu zesigaba 4 Umdlavuza wesi-prostate ungahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza ku-prostate yakho, noma ngenxa ye-metastases.
Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- Igazi emcimbini
- Ukuhlukumeza umchamo odlula
- Ukungasebenzi kwe-Erectile
- Ubuhlungu be-Bone kusuka emathisini amathanga
- Ukungabi namandla emilenzeni noma izinkinga zamathumbu noma isisu
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo
- Imvamisa eyengeziwe yezifo
- Ukukhathala
Ukuxilongwa
Izivivinyo zokuxilonga umdlavuza we-prostate zingabandakanya i-CT scan, i-ultrasound, i-MRI, noma i-PET scan ukuze ihlolwe ukukhula futhi ibuke ama-metastases.
I-biopsy ivame ukwenza ukubuka ukuhlukunyezwa kwesisu.
Ukwelapha
Ngenkathi isigaba somdlavuza wesi-prostate 4 ngokuvamile singelapheki, sitholwa. Inhlanganisela yezokwelapha eziningana ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwalesi sigaba sesifo.
Ukwelashwa kwamahomoni - Ukwelashwa kwamaHormone ngokuvamile kuyisisindo somdlavuza wesigaba 4. Izinketho ezahlukene zitholakala ukunciphisa inani le-testosterone emzimbeni wakho. Eminye imithi iyeka ukukhiqizwa kwe-testosterone, kanti abanye basebenza ukuvimbela i-testosterone ekuvuseleleni amangqamuzana omdlavuza wesibeletho. Njengoba nje i-estrogen isebenza njengamafutha okugqugquzela ukukhula kwamangqamuzana amaningi omdlavuza wesifuba, i-testosterone isebenza njengamafutha okusiza ukukhula kwamangqamuzana omdlavuza we-prostate.
Ukuhlinzeka nge-Palliative - Inqubo ye-TURP ngezinye izikhathi yenziwa ngalesi sigaba. Kusukela isigaba 4 somdlavuza wesifo sofuba sinezincazelo esakaze kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, ukuhlinzwa ukukhipha i-prostate akuphumelelanga "ekuphulukeleni" umdlavuza njengoba kungase kube ezinyathelweni zangaphambili zomdlavuza we-prostate. Lezi zindlela zokuhlinza ngezinye izikhathi zenzelwa izimpawu ezihlobene ne-prostate. Ngezinye izikhathi i-orchiectomy (ukususwa kwamathambo) nakho kwenziwa njengendlela yokwelashwa kwe-hormonal.
Imisebe ye-palliative - I-radiation ingasetshenziswa kanye nokwelashwa kwe-hormone ekuqaleni ukulawula ubuhlungu, futhi ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-hormonal kuyeka ukusebenza.
I-radiation ingase isetshenziselwe amathambo ayisithupha ukuze kunciphise ubuhlungu.
Ukwelashwa kwamathambo asetsheni - Ukwelashwa kwamathambo ama-metastases kungabandakanya inhlanganisela yokwelashwa kwemishanguzo kanye nesigaba semithi esibizwa ngokuthi i-bisphosphonates.
I-Chemotherapy - I- Chemotherapy ingase isebenze ukwandisa impilo yabesilisa abanomdlavuza we-prostate futhi ibuye ikhulise ubuhlungu ngenxa ye-metastases.
Isibikezelo
Isibikezelo sesigaba sesine sinehluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi umdlavuza usulele kangakanani. Ukuqeda isigaba 4 kuya ezingxenyeni ezimbili:
Isigaba sesi-4 nge-metastases yesiFunda - Umdlavuza we-prostate okuthiwa isigaba 4 ngenxa yesayizi enkulu yesisu (T4) noma ngenxa yokusabalalisa ezithombeni eziseduzane zine-lymph nodes inezinga leminyaka elingu-5 lokusinda cishe elingu-100%.
Isiteji sesi-4 nge-metastases ezikude - Ngokusho komhla ka-SEER kazwelonke we-Cancer Institute, amadoda anesifo somdlavuza wesitebe sesine esiteji sesine esasakazeka emaphethelweni amancane (N2) noma kwezinye izifunda zomzimba ezifana namathambo, anesilinganiso seminyaka emihlanu yokusinda 28%. Ngisho nalokhu khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kwama-cancer ephakeme kuthuthuka unyaka ngamunye. Wonke umuntu uhlukile, futhi ukuhlolwa kwamakhambi namuhla kungashintsha lezo zinombolo kusasa.
Ukubhekana
Funda ngomdlavuza wakho. Qaphela ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo zomdlavuza we-prostate ukuze ukwazi ukulungele. Yamukela usizo. Umdlavuza we-prostate wesigaba 4 ngezinye izikhathi ungabangela ubuhlungu obukhulu. Khuluma nodokotela wakho futhi ungazami ukuba "yiqhawe" futhi ugweme ukuphatha izimpawu zakho. Cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela noma uhlole inkundla ye-prostate 4 emiphakathini yomdlavuza we-prostate.
Uma ngabe othandekayo wakho abhekene nomdlavuza we-prostate, funda amathiphu abalulekile ekusekeleni othandekayo ngomdlavuza we-prostate .
Imithombo:
I-American Cancer Society. Izinga lokusinda lomdlavuza wesifo sofuba. http://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostatecancer/detailedguide/prostate-cancer-survival-rates.
U-Kumar V, u-Abbas A, uFausto N. Robbins Isisekelo se-Pathologic of Disease 7th Edition. 2004.
I-National Cancer Institute. Ukwelapha I-Cancer Prostate - kubaqeqeshi bezempilo (PDQ). http://www.cancer.gov/types/prostate/hp/prostate-treatment-pdq.