Yiziphi izinyathelo zesifo se-Prostate Cancer
"Isigaba" somdlavuza wesicathulo sibhekisela ekuthuthukeni noma ekusakazeni kuwo wonke umzimba.
Izinhlelo ezimbili eziyinhloko zichaza izigaba zomdlavuza we-prostate. Uhlelo lwe "TNM" lusetshenziswa kakhulu, kepha uhlelo lweJett lusetshenziswa abanye odokotela. Zombili zichazwe ngezansi.
Iyini Isiteji Sakho se-TNM Esishoyo?
Uhlelo lwe-TNM lokuchaza umdlavuza we-prostate usebenzisa izinhlamvu "T," "N," no- "M" ukuze zibonise "I-Tumor," "Amakhadi," kanye ne- "Metastasis."
Lokhu okulandelayo ukuphazamisa kahle ukuthi isigaba ngasinye kulesi simiso sisho ukuthini.
I-Tumor Primary (T)
- I-TX: I-tumor eyisisekelo ayingekho noma ayikwazanga ukuhlolwa.
- I-T0: Ayikho ubufakazi besifo esiyisisekelo.
- I-T1: I-tumor ayitholakalanga ngokuhlolwa noma ngokusetshenziswa kwe-imaging (njenge- ultrasound noma i- MRI scan ), kodwa itholakale ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi se- biopsy noma ukuhlinzwa .
--T1a: I-tumor itholakala ku-5% noma ngaphansi kwezicubu ezithathwe.
- T1b: I-tumor itholakale ezingaphezu kuka-5% kwezicubu ezithathwe.
- T1c: I-tumor itholwe yi-needle biopsy ngemuva kwezinga eliphezulu le- PSA .
- I-T2: I-tumor itholakale kuphela ngaphakathi kwe-prostate ngokwayo.
- T2a: I-tumor itholakala ku-50% noma ngaphansi kwe-lobe eyodwa.
- T2b: I-tumor itholakale engaphezu kuka-50% we-lobe eyodwa.
- T2c: I-tumor itholakala kokubili i-lobes.
- I-T3: I-tumor iye yanda ngokusebenzisa i-capsule ejikeleze i-prostate.
- I-T3a: I-tumor iye yahamba kuphela nge-capsule ngaphandle kokuhlasela ama -vesicles omzimba .
- T3b: I-tumor iye yahlasela ama-vesicles omzimba.
I-T4: I-tumor iye yahlasela izakhi noma izicubu eziseduze ne-prostate ngaphandle kwe-vesicles yemithi. Lezi zihlanganisa intamo yesisu, i-rectum, nodonga lwe-pelvic kanye nezinye izakhiwo.
Amakhadi (N)
- I-NX: Ama-lymph nodes ayengenakuhlolwa noma ayikwazanga ukuhlolwa.
- I-N0: Ama-node awabonisi ubufakazi bomdlavuza.
- N1: Ama-node abonisa ubufakazi bomdlavuza.
I-Metastasis (M)
- I-MX: Ukuba khona kwe-metastases kwakungekho noma ayikwazanga ukuhlolwa.
- M0: Akukho bufakazi bokuthi i-metastasis eseduze.
- I-M1: Kukhona ubufakazi be-metastasis eseduze.
- --M1a: I-Cancer itholakale ku-lymph nodes kude ne-prostate.
- --M1b: I-Cancer itholakale ethambo.
- --M1c: I-Cancer itholakale kwenye indawo yomzimba.
Iyini Isiteji Sakho se-Jewett esishoyo?
Uhlelo lwe-Jewett lusebenzisa izinhlamvu A ngokusebenzisa iD ukuze zibonise amaqembu ayisiteji esiyinhloko. A yiyona encane kakhulu futhi iD ihamba phambili kakhulu. Ngaphakathi kweqembu ngalinye eliyinhloko, kukhona ukuphazamiseka okwengeziwe kwezigaba.
Lokhu okulandelayo ukuphazamisa kahle ukuthi isigaba ngasinye kulesi simiso sisho ukuthini.
Isigaba A
Esigabeni A, i-tumor yokuqala ayitholakali ngokuhlolwa futhi itholakale ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa.
Isigaba B
Esigabeni B, lesi sifo singatholakala ngokuhlolwa (noma ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba noma ukuhlola kwe- PSA ) kodwa kutholakala kuphela ku-prostate ngokwayo.
Isigaba C
Esigabeni C, i-tumor isatholakala kuphela endaweni ezungeze i-prostate kodwa iye yanda ngokusebenzisa i-capsule ehlanganisa i-prostate futhi ingangena emasongweni omzimba.
Isigaba D
Esigabeni D, umdlavuza usungulwe noma usakaze kude kusuka ku- prostate .
- - Ukukhishwa kwesiguli A1: Umdlavuza uhlukaniswe kahle (okusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza ajwayelekile ngokubukeka ngaphansi kwe-microscope) futhi kuphela engxenyeni encane ye-prostate.
- - Umshini we-A2: Umdlavuza uhlukaniswe ngokwemvelo noma awufani kahle (okusho ukuthi amangqamuzana omdlavuza abheka ukubonakala okungavamile ngaphansi kwe-microscope) futhi atholakala endaweni engaphezu kweyodwa ngaphakathi kwe-prostate.
- - Ukukhishwa kwesisu B0: Umdlavuza awukwazi ukuzwakala (uzizwa) udokotela, kodwa utholakala ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu le-PSA.
- --Isikhwama se-B1: I-nodule eyodwa noma i-bump kuphela etholakala ku-lobe eyodwa ye-prostate.
- --Substage B2: Indawo engaphezu kwesinye yomdlavuza itholakala ku-lobe eyodwa noma kokubili i-lobes ye-prostate.
- --Isikhwama C1: Umdlavuza usulele ngaphakathi kwe-capsule equkethe i-prostate.
- --Substage C2: Umdlavuza usakazekile nge-capsule equkethe i-prostate futhi uqale ukuvimbela ukugeleza komchamo kusuka kulesi sigodi noma izigulane (amashubhu amancane athatha umchamo kusuka ezinso kuya kwesinye).
- - Ukukhishwa kwesisu D0: Umdlavuza utholakala kuphela ku-prostate ngokuhlolwa kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging (njenge-ultrasound noma i-MRI), kodwa ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuqhubeka nokubonisa amazinga aphakeme e-enzyme athile okusho ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke.
- --Ukukhishwa kwesisu D1: Umdlavuza usakazeke kuphela kuma-lymph nodes eduze ne-prostate.
- --Ukukhishwa kwesisu D2: Umdlavuza usakaze ezindaweni zamakhansela ezikude, amathambo, noma kwezinye izitho.
- --Ukukhishwa kwesisu D3: Umdlavuza usakazeke njengoba ku-Substage D2, kodwa umdlavuza ubuyile ngemuva kokwelashwa okufanele.
Umthombo:
> Kumar V, Abbas A, Fausto N. Robbins Isisekelo se-Pathologic of Disease Edition 7th. 2004.