Uma utshelwe ukuthi wena noma othandekayo unomdlavuza we-prostate ophakeme, kungenzeka ukuthi uzizwa ucindezeleke kakhulu. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Kuphathwa kanjani? Nakuba umdlavuza we-prostate uvame ukutholakala ezinyathelweni zangaphambili zesifo, akuyona into engavamile ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwenzeke uma lesi sifo sithuthukile, kusho isigaba 4. Kungaba usizo ekuqondeni lesi sigaba sesifo ukuhlola kuqala ukuthi yisiphi isiteji kubantu abanomdlavuza wesicathulo.
Ukunyatheliswa komdlavuza we-prostate
Umdlavuza we-prostate, njengawo wonke amagciwane, uvela ngezigaba ezihlukahlukene phakathi nobude besifo. Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesi-prostate kungenzeka kunoma yisiphi isigaba. Nakuba le mdlavuza ikhula kancane futhi ingahlala ingasondelene ne-prostate iminyaka eminingi, ekugcineni (noma ngezinye izikhathi ngokushesha), ingaqhubeka kwezinye izindawo zomzimba.
Ngemuva kokuhlolwa komdlavuza we-prostate, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, ukuhlola izithombe, nokunye okuhlolwayo kuvame ukuqhutshwa ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesiguli futhi kunqume ukuthi ngabe umdlavuza usulele kuphi ngaphandle kwe-prostate. Le nqubo isungula "isigaba" somdlavuza we-prostate futhi ichaza izinga eliphelele lokusabalala kwalo emzimbeni, futhi kuyindlela ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukhetho oluhle kakhulu lwezokwelapha isiguli.
Odokotela abaningi basebenzisa uhlelo lwe- TNM ukuhlola isiteji nokusabalalisa umdlavuza wesifo sofuba esigulini. "T" imelela "isisu," futhi ibhekisela ebukhulu bomdlavuza oyinhloko; I-N "imelela" ama-node "futhi ibhekisela ukuthi noma ngabe umdlavuza usakaze yini kumakhansela amancane, futhi" M "imelela" imetastasis "futhi ibhekisela ukuthi noma ngabe umdlavuza usakaze yini ngaphezu kwesidumbu sangasese sezithombeni ezungezile futhi wonke umzimba.
Lezi zici ezintathu zibeka "isiteji" somdlavuza wesifo sesiguli. Kunezigaba ezine ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ukuchaza ukuthuthukiswa komdlavuza wesifo sofuba:
- Isigaba 1: Umdlavuza usendaweni ye-prostate futhi awukwazi ukubonwa ngezivivinyo ezivamile.
- Isigaba sesi-2: Umdlavuza usekhona okwakhiwe endaweni ye-prostate kodwa ususwe ngobukhulu.
- Isigaba sesi-3: Umdlavuza usakaze ngaphesheya kwe-prostate kodwa uvinjelwe ezithandeni eziseduze kuphela.
- Isigaba sesi-4: Umdlavuza usuqhubekile, noma uhlelwe phansi, ngaphezu kwe-prostate kanye namathisisi aseduze abe ngamagqabhezana nezinye izitho emzimbeni.
Isigaba 4 Umdlavuza We-Prostate: Okushoyo Nezibonakaliso
Umdlavuza wesigaba sesi-4 ubhekwa phambili, njengoba usakaze ngaphesheya kwe-prostate nendawo esheshayo kwezinye izindawo zomzimba. Lesi sigaba okwamanje asipheli; Kodwa-ke, ukhetho lwezokwelapha lukhona olunganciphisa izimpawu ezivame ukubuhlungu zomdlavuza we-prostate ophakeme. Lezi zimpawu zifaka ubuthakathaka kanye ne-anemia ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhiqizwa kwamangqamuzana egazi obomvu emnothweni wamathambo, ubuhlungu bethambo noma olunye ubuhlungu obubanzi, noma ukwehlukana ngenxa yamathambo abuthakathaka. Amanye amadoda abuye azwe ubuhlungu noma ubunzima bokuchama ngenxa yokukhulisa i-prostate; Nokho, lokhu kungase kube uphawu nanoma isiphi isigaba somdlavuza wesifo sofuba.
Ukwelashwa Kwe-Cancer Advanced Prostate
Kubalulekile ukuphawula futhi ukuthi ngenkathi umdlavuza ophezulu we-prostate ungelapheki, uyaphathwa. Ukwelashwa kunganciphisa ukukhula komdlavuza kodwa kungathuthukisa izimpawu ezihlobene nomdlavuza. Inqubekela phambili ebalulekile eyenziwe ekwelapheni umdlavuza ophezulu we-prostate eminyakeni yamuva, futhi ukulinda kwempilo kuyanda.
Izindlela ezintsha zokwelashwa ziye zavunywa, futhi ukwelashwa okuningi okwamanje kuhlolwa ezikhathini zokwelashwa . Njengoba isifo somdlavuza we-prostate esifanele sithelekele kwezinye izifunda zomzimba, ukuhlinza ngokuvamile akuyona inketho yalesi sigaba sesifo. Kodwa kunezinketho eziningi zokwelapha:
Ukwelashwa kwamaHormonal
I-hormone therapy ngokuvamile ihlelelwe ukunciphisa usayizi nokuvimbela ukusabalala kwesisu noma izicubu. Lezi zokwelapha zingaholela emiphumeleni engathandeki , njengokunciphisa i-libido, ukukhanya okushisayo nokuthuthukiswa kwezicubu zesifuba, kodwa kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi futhi kwandise impilo yabantu abanoSigaba 4 somdlavuza wesibeletho.
Ukwelashwa kwamahomoni kunomthelela omncane emdlalweni ophezulu we-prostate ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ekugcineni, lokhu ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuvimbela ukusebenza.
I-Chemotherapy
Lapho isiguli siphendula ukwelashwa kwe-hormone, i- chemotherapy ngokuvamile isinyathelo esilandelayo. Lokhu kuyinkinga yokwelashwa okunonya kakhulu okubandakanya amakhemikhali avame ukunikezwa nge-IV emijikelezweni ehlukahlukene. I-Chemotherapy inezimo eziningi ezingalungile kepha inganciphisa noma imise ukukhula komdlavuza wesi-prostate.
Ukwelashwa Okubhekiswe Ngamathambo
Umdlavuza we-prostate ophakeme kakhulu usakazeka ohlelweni lwamathambo. Izifo ze-bone ngenxa yale ntuthuko zingabangela ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo nobuhlungu kubantu abanoMdlavuza wesibeletho se-Stage 4. Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha nokuqeda ubuhlungu bezinthambo kulezi ziguli. Lokhu ukwelashwa kungadambisa amandla amathambo, ngakho kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nezidakamizwa zokwelapha ezikhuthaza amandla amathambo nokusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokuphulwa.
Immunotherapy
I-Immunotherapy iyindlela entsha ejabulisayo kubantu abanesifo somdlavuza wesifo sofuba, nomuthi owodwa ovunyelwe manje, kanti abanye bahlolwe ekuvivinyweni kwemitholampilo. Le ndlela yokwelashwa isebenza ngokuyinhloko ekukhuliseni umzimba womzimba ngokulwa namaseli omdlavuza. I-Immunotherapy ingakwandisa isikhathi sokuphila futhi ingabangela ukulawula isikhathi eside kwesifo samadoda athile aphendule kahle ekwelapheni.
Ukuphila Ngomdlavuza We-Prostate
Ukuxilongwa komdlavuza ophakeme kuyesabisa, kodwa awuyedwa. Cabanga ngokujoyina iqembu lokusekela emphakathini wakho noma ku-intanethi lapho ungaxhuma namanye amadoda abhekene nesimo esifanayo. Uma kungumthandi wakho ophila nomdlavuza we-prostate, hlola lezi zeluleko zendlela yokusekela othandekayo ngomdlavuza .
Imithombo:
Abaduni, uP., De Santis, M., Powles, T., noK. Fizali. Ukwelashwa okuhloswe ngomdlavuza we-prostate wokumelana nomzimba we-metastatic-resistant-T immunotherapy. Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy . 2015. 64 (6): 655-63.
I-National Cancer Institute. Ukwelapha I-Cancer Prostate - kubaqeqeshi bezempilo (PDQ). Kubuyekezwe ngo-10/23/15.
Park, J., no-M. Eisenberger. Izinqubekela phambili ekwelapheni kwe-Canast Metastatic Cancer. I-Mayo Clinic Proceedings . 2015. 90 (12): 1719-33.
Urology Care Foundation. I-Cancer Advanced Prostate.