Ubumbulu, ukuxubha, nokubuthakathaka yizinye zezizathu ezivame kakhulu abantu abavakashela isazi sezinzwa zegazi. Isinyathelo sokuqala ngokuvamile sinquma ukuthi inkinga isesimweni sezinzwa (ubuchopho nentambo yomgogodla). Uma kungenjalo, inkinga kungenzeka ukuthi ihlale nezinzwa eziphuma emzimbeni.
Uhlelo lwezinzwa zomzimba luhlanganisa zonke izinzwa ezigeleza phakathi kwentambo yomgogodla nemisipha, izitho nesikhumba.
Ukuqonda ngokugcwele isimiso sezinzwa zomzimba kuthiwa yiyodwa yezici ezivelele kunazo zonke phakathi kwezifo ze-neurologists nezinye izidakamizwa.
Amaphilisi Amaphutha Eziphambano
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene zamangqamuzana ezinzwa, ngasinye sidlulisela imininingwane ehlukile ebuchosheni ngezinqubo ze-wiry ezibizwa nge-axons. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ala axons ahlanganiswe ungqimba oluvikelayo olubizwa ngokuthi i-myelin, engasheshe ijubane lokudluliswa kwemilayezo ku-axon. Isibonelo, i-neurons ye-motor ine-large oxonated axons ephuma emthonjeni womgogodla kuya emisipha ehlukene ukuze ilawule ukuchotshozwa kwayo.
I-neurons enomqondo ivela ngezigaba eziningi ezahlukene. Ama-axon amakhulu amakhulu aphethe ulwazi mayelana nokudlidliza, ukuthinta okulula, nomqondo wethu womzimba esikhaleni (umnikazi wendawo). Imicu egciniwe emangqamuzana ithumela ulwazi mayelana nobuhlungu obunzima nokushisa okupholile. Izindwangu ezincane nezincane ezingenakutshalaliswa zithumela imiyalezo mayelana nobuhlungu obuvuthayo, ukuzwa okushisa, noma ukushaya.
Ngaphandle kwe-axon yezimoto nezinzwa, isimiso sezinzwa se-peripheral sihlanganisa nokuzikhandla kwe-fibre nerve. Uhlelo lwezinzwa ezizimele lubhekene nokulawula imisebenzi ebalulekile yansuku zonke ebeka ngokubonga ngaphezu kokulawulwa kwethu okuziwayo, njengokucindezela kwegazi, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, nokujula.
Zonke lezi zicucu ze-axonal ezahlukene zihamba ndawonye njengezinqwaba zocingo kwikhebula. Le "ikhebula" likhulu ngokwanele ukuthi libonwe ngaphandle kwe-microscope futhi yilokho okuvame ukubhekwa njengendondo.
Inhlangano yeSystem Peripheral yeNervous System
Ngaphandle kwemizwa ye-cranial, izinzwa ze-peripheral zihamba zonke zihamba futhi zivela emthonjeni womgogodla. Izinzwa ezithinta inhliziyo zifaka umgogodla ongemuva komugqa womgogodla, futhi izinsimbi ziphuma ngaphandle kwetambo. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, zonke izintambo ziyahlangana ukuze zenze izimpande zomzimba. Le nerve izobe ihamba ngomzimba, ithumele amagatsha ezindaweni ezifanele.
Ezindaweni eziningi, ezifana nentamo, ingalo, nomlenze, izimpande zezinzwa zihlanganisa ndawonye, ​​zihlanganisa, bese zithumela amagatsha amasha. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa, okubizwa ngokuthi i-plexus, kuyinto efana nokushintshana okunzima emgwaqweni omkhulu, futhi ekugcineni ivumela amasignali avela emthonjeni owodwa (isib. Ama-axons aphuma emthonjeni womgogodla ezingeni le-C6) ukugcina ukuhamba kanye namafayili kusuka ezingeni elihlukile lomgogodla ( isib. C8) endaweni efanayo (isb. imisipha efana ne- latissimus dorsi ). Ukulimala ku-plexus enjalo kungaba nemiphumela eqinile engase idideke umuntu ngaphandle kolwazi lwalolo plexus.
Izazi Ze-Neurologists Zisebenzisa Kanjani Umzila Wezinzwa We-Anatomy?
Lapho isiguli sibhekene nokugandeleka kanye / noma ubuthakathaka, ngumsebenzi wezinzwa wezinzwa ukuthola umthombo wenkinga.
Ngokuvamile, ingxenye yomzimba ezwa sengathi iyinamandla noma ayizinkathi ayikho ngempela iqukethe imbangela ebangela lokho.
Ngokwesibonelo, cabanga ukuthi othile uthola ngokuzumayo ukuthi unyawo lwakhe lulokhu luhudula phansi uma ehamba. Isizathu salokhu kobuthakathaka bonyawo kungenzeka ukuthi asikho ezinyaweni, kodwa esikhundleni salokho ngenxa yomonakalo wesifo kwenye indawo emzimbeni.
Ngokukhuluma nesiguli esinjalo nokuhlola ngokucophelela ngokomzimba, i-neurologist inganquma umthombo wobuthakathaka. Udokotela uzobona ukuthi imisipha enesibopho sokugcina unyawo emhlabathini ngenkathi uhamba uhlanganisa i-extensor digitorum longus, ethola ukugcinwa kokungenwa kwesibindi esivamile se-peroneal.
Lapho abantu behlala ngamadolo owodwa phezu komunye, le nerve ingacindezelwa, ibangele ubuthakathaka obuthakathaka kanye nokudonsa inyawo.
Uma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwangokwenyama kwembula ukuthi isiguli asikwazi ukuma kulesi sinyathelo, isazi sezinzwa ngeke sisasolisa i-peroneal nererve. Imisipha ekhomba ngezinyawo ingenwa yi-anterior tibial nererve, ehamba phambili ngaphambi kwe-peroneal evamile.
Kokubili izinzwa zangasese ezithandanayo nezingavamile zithwala izintambo eziqale zithunyelwe kusuka emthonjeni womgogodla ezingeni le-L5. Lokhu kusho ukuthi le nkinga ayiyona inkinga emadolweni, kodwa kunalokho isondelene nalapho izinzwa ziphuma khona emthonjeni womgogodla. Isizathu esikhulu kunazo zonke sinjenge-radiumblathy lumbar, okuyinto ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu kungadinga ukuhlinzwa ukulungisa.
Isibonelo esinikezwe nje senzelwe ukukhombisa ukuthi ulwazi luni lwesimiso sezinzwa zomzimba, kuhlangene nokuhlolwa okucophelela ngokomzimba nokulalela isiguli, kungenza umehluko phakathi kokutshela isiguli ukuthi uyeke ukuwela imilenze, noma ukumtshela ukuthi angadinga ukuhlinzwa emuva. Izibonelo ezifanayo zinganikezwa cishe noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, bonke abafundi bezokwelapha, hhayi nje izazi ze-neurologists, bafundiswa ukubaluleka kwesistimu yesifo sezinzwa.
Imithombo:
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-AR, i-Sander HW, Indlela Yomtholampilo Yokubhekana Nezifo Nezentuthuko: Ukutholakala Kwendawo Ye-Anatomic nokuhlola Ukuhlola. Ukuqhubeka; Umqulu 18, uNgo-1, Februwari 2012
I-Blumenfeld H, i-Neuroanatomy ngokusebenzisa ama-Clinical Cases. I-Sunderland: Abakwa-Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002