I-neuro-ICU iyinhlangano yokunakekelwa okujulile ehlinzekwa ukunakekelwa kweziguli ezinenkinga yokuphila kwezinsongo ngokushesha. I-Neuro-ICUs yaba khona eminyakeni engaba ngu-25 eyedlule ekuphenduleni isidingo sokwazi okwengeziwe okukhethekile kumasu akhulayo okuqaphela nokubhekana nokuphazamiseka kwezinzwa.
Izinkinga Eziphethwe I-Neuro-ICU
Ngokuvamile, isiguli singavunyelwa kwi-neuro-ICU yalezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- isisu se-brain -post
- ukushaywa ischemic
- ukuphazamiseka kwesimiso se-subarachnoid
- ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu
- ukubola kwesisu
- I-Guillain-Barre syndrome
- i-hematoma engaphansi
- i-myasthenia gravis
- ukuthungatha umgogodla
- isimo se-epilepticus
- encephalitis
- i-meningitis nezinye izifo zesimiso se-central central
Ezinye izinzuzo
Insimu yokunakekelwa kwegazi ayihlanganisi nje izifo eziningi ezihlukahlukene. Kudinga nolwazi olukhethekile mayelana nemishini ethile yomzimba, njengokuthi ubuchopho bulawula kanjani ukugeleza kwegazi nokucindezela okungahambi kahle . Kudinga nolwazi lwamathuluzi wezinzwa ezifana ne- electroencephalography , okungeziwe ekuqondeni okujwayelekile ngokwama mechanical ventilator, telemetry yomzimba nokuqapha okukhulu kwengcindezi yegazi kanye namanye amasu acishe abe yi-ICU jikelele.
Iziguli ezinomonakalo ohlelweni lwazo lwezinzwa ziyahlukahluka ngezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu ezivela ezigulini ezilimazayo kwezinye izindawo ezibalulekile zomzimba.
Isibonelo, izifo zesimiso sezinzwa zingathinta ikhono lesiguli lokuhambisa nokuxhumana. Ngakho-ke abasebenzi be-neuro-ICU kumele baqeqeshelwe amasu akhethekile wokuhlola ukuqoqa ulwazi olubucayi.
Ubuhlobo bomzimba obunzima bokugula obuphefumula futhi abukwazi ukuguqulwa. Ukugula kwengqondo kungashintsha indlela umuntu abona ngayo abathandekayo futhi angabenza baziphatha njengomuntu ohluke ngokuphelele.
Okubi nakakhulu, ezinye izifo ze-neurological zingase zibonakale zisitshontsha ukuthi yini esasenza ukuthi singobani, noma ngabe yini eyasenza sibe ngabantu. Ukuhlukumeza ngokomzwelo lokhu kungashintsha kwabangane namalungu omndeni kudinga ukunakwa okukhethekile. Lokhu kubaluleke nakakhulu uma uxoxa ngezihloko ezifana nokufa kwengqondo.
Umlando we-Neuro-ICU
Ngandlela-thile, izinyunithi zokuqala zokunakekelwa okuyinhloko zaziyi-neuro-ICUs. Isidingo sama-ICU sasimiswa ngokuqinile eminyaka yama-1950 ngenxa yomphumela okhubazayo wegciwane lesifo sofuba. Njengoba abantu abakhubazekile abanesifo sofuba behluleka ukuphefumula, babekwa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokungenisa umoya .
Kwaphela amashumi eminyaka, izinyunithi zokunakekelwa okujulile zazinakekela zonke izinhlobo zokugula ezisongela ukuphila, ikakhulukazi lezo eziholela ekudingeni ukuphuza umoya. Kodwa-ke, isidingo sokunakekelwa okukhethekile ngokwengeziwe sabonakala ngokucacile njengoba umuthi waba nzima kakhulu. Ngo-1977, i-ICU yokuqala ye-neuro-ne-ICU enkulu eNyakatho Melika yaqala eMassachusetts General Hospital. Ukusuka lapho, baqala ukuvamekela kulo lonke izwe nakwezwe.
Ama-ICU amaningi amaningi atholakala ezibhedlela ezinkulu zemfundo, lapho zithola khona iziguli ezihlala njalo. Izibhedlela ezincane zingase zingakwazi ukuthola iziguli ezanele ukuzakhela i-neuro-ICU, futhi zizokwenzela isiguli ku-ICU jikelele noma zidlulisele isiguli esibhedlela esihlukile.
Ubani Osebenza Nge-Neuro-ICU
Ama-neuro-ICUs ahlukahlukene kakhulu okuqondiswa kwezigwegwe. Izazi ze-neurologists, izazi ze-neurosurgeons, ochwepheshe bezinsizakalo ezijulile kanye nama-anesthesiologists bavame ukusebenza eduze namaqembu abahlengikazi abaqeqeshwe kakhulu, abahlinzayo bokuphefumula, ochwepheshe bokudla okunempilo, nokuningi.
Inzuzo yokuba nezazi eziningi kakhulu ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obuningi bulethwe ukunakekelwa kwesiguli ngasinye. Ukukhathazeka ukuthi uma ngaphandle kokunaka kakhulu okukhokhwa kulabo abakhulumayo, kulula ukuba abangane nemindeni badideke ngokuthi ngubani okhulumayo nokuthi kungani. Lokhu kudideka okungase kube yingozi ngenxa yokuthi abasebenzi basebhedlela kumele basebenze ekushintsheni, ngakho-ke obani okhuluma nabo kuncike esikhathini sosuku.
Ukugwema ukudideka, qiniseka ukuthi wonke umuntu ozayo uzethula yena futhi uchaze indima yawo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinyunithi zokunakekelwa ezivamile, ama-neuro-ICUs ahlotshaniswa nokufa okuncane nokuhlala esibhedlela okuncane ukukhathazeka okunjenge-stroke, i-cerebral hemorrhage, nokulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu. Izinyathelo zokunakekelwa okukhulu, ngokuvamile, zingabesabisa futhi zidideke izindawo, kodwa ngokucophelela ekukhulumisaneni okuhle, i-neuro-ICU ingaba ngumsizi wokuphila wangempela.
Imithombo:
U - Allan H. Ropper, uDaryl R. Gress, uMichael .UDiringer, uDeborah M. Green, uStephan A. Mayer, uThomas P. Bleck, Ukunakekelwa Kwezinzwa Neurosurgical Intensive, I-Fourth Edition, uLippicott Williams & Wilkins, 2004
U-Pedro Kurtz, uVincent Fitts, uZeynep Sumer, uHillary Jalon noJoseph Cooke, futhi-ke Ukukhathalela Kanjani Iziguli Zezinzwa Zivunyelwe KuNyunithi Yokunakekela Neurocritical Versus General ICU? Ukunakekela Neurocritical, 2011, Umqulu 15, Inombolo 3, Amakhasi 477-480