Ukuhlola i-Mirror Neurons njengendlela engase ihlose ukuzwelana
Kungani imizwelo kufanele isakazeke? Kungani kufanele sibone othile ehleka usenza nathi sifune ukuhleka futhi? Noma ukhale, ngenxa yalokho?
Esihlokweni esibonakala sengathi singathintana, kungani sihlaba umxhwele emhlabeni lapho abanye behlaselwa?
I-Mirror Neurons ezinkimbini
Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izimpendulo zemibuzo enjengale zizotholakala ekutadisheni "izibuko ze-mirror." Ngama-1980 nangama-1990, iqembu lama-neurophysiologist yase-Italy eNyuvesi yaseParma lalifunda umsebenzi we-neuronal ngokubeka ama-electrode ngokuqondile kwi-cortex yama-macaque.
I-monkey yayizofinyelela ekudleni, futhi i-neuron (isisindo cell) yayiyoshisa. Ngokuthakazelisayo, abacwaningi bathola ukuthi la maseli aphonswa lapho i-monkey ibona umuntu ethatha ucezu lokudla. Lokhu kwaholela ekuhlolweni okuqhubekayo okutholile umsebenzi "wesibuko" esinjalo kumaphesenti angaba yishumi e-neurons ezindaweni ezithile ze-cortices yangaphambili ne-parietal yezinkawu.
I-Mirror Neurons kubantu
Ukulinganisa umsebenzi wegesi ngokuqondile ngqo ebuchosheni kuyinselele kunokuba wenze kanjalo kuma-macaques. Njengoba kuvela ukufaneka kwe-imaginous magnetic resonance , ukucwaninga kwamanethiwekhi afanayo kwakwenzeka kubantu. Ucwaningo lwe-neuroimaging olusebenzayo luye lwabonisa ukuthi kunezindawo zokuhlangana phakathi kwezifunda ezenziwe ngokubuka abanye bezwa imizwelo noma benza izenzo ezithile, kanye nezifunda zobuchopho ezisebenzayo ("ukukhanya") lapho sithola lokho okuhlangenwe nakho. Isibonelo, ingxenye ye-lobe ye-parietal ingabuka kokubili lapho sisuka, noma uma sibuka omunye umuntu athuthela.
Ngo-2010, abacwaningi bakwazi ukurekhoda ngokuqondile umsebenzi kagesi wezingxenye zobuchopho kubantu abahlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa. Umsebenzi we-Mirror neuron wabuye wathola, owasekela ukufundwa kwezifundo ze-FMRI.
Ukungqubuzana
Kuningi lokucabangela ngokubaluleka kwezibuko ze-mirror.
Abanye abacwaningi baye baphikisa ukuthi izibuko ze-mirror neuron zisisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono izinhloso zabanye abantu, okungasisiza kokubili ukubikezela izenzo zabanye, futhi kungabalulekile ekuzweleni imizwelo yabanye. Abanye baye bacabanga ukuthi ukuphazamiseka kwezibuko ze-mirror neuron kungabandakanyeka ne- autism , nakuba iqiniso loxhumano olubhekwayo lusekhona.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abacwaningi abaningi baye baxwayisa ukuthi izimangalo eziningi ezenziwe nge-mirror neurons azilutholi ngokwanele isayensi kuleli phuzu. Bathi i-mirror neurons ingase ibe izibonakaliso zesistimu yomshuwalense oshukumisayo - uhlobo olwandiswayo lwezinqubo eziningi ze-neurological - kanye nokukhiqizwa kwengqondo yansuku zonke, kunokuba umshayeli wezwela. Amaphuzu ahlukahlukene aphikisana nekhwalithi yocwaningo lwe-mirror neuron nawo aphakanyisiwe. Umqondo wokuthi izibuko ze-neurons zingenza kube lula ukuqonda izinyathelo kuye kwaba yinselelo enkulu. Enye yezingqinamba ezinkulu zokuphikisana ngumqondo wokuthi kukhona okuhlukile noma okukhethekile mayelana ne-neurons esebenzayo kule mirroring. Esikhundleni sokuthi "izibuko ze-mirror," kungenza kube ngcono ukukhuluma amanethiwekhi wesibuko, njengoba kungekho lutho nge-neuron ngayinye ekwazi ukubhekana nokuthile okuyinkimbinkimbi njengozwela.
I-Mirror System Esikhundleni se-Mirror Neuron
Umqondo wenethiwekhi owenza uzwela uye wabizwa ngokuthi "isibuko" se-neuron system, okubonakala kubandakanya ikakhulukazi izifunda ezisezingeni eliphambili kanye ne-parietal lobes kubantu. Omunye umsebenzi uphakamise ukuthi abantu ababuka omunye umuntu ebuhlungu, ikakhulukazi uma lowo muntu esondelene nabo, nabo banomlilo we-neurons e-insula yangaphakathi kanye ne-anteior cingulate cortex - izifunda zobuchopho ezizibandakanya nobuhlungu.
Ngaphansi
Ngandlela-thile, ikhono lobuchopho obulodwa ukulingisa omunye akuyona into entsha. Empeleni, kwakungadingeka ekufundeni kwethu, ikakhulukazi lapho sisebancane kakhulu.
Izinsana zithanda ukulingisa abazali bazo, futhi ukuze kuthi, zenze sengathi zishaya phansi njengoMama, ama-neurons afanayo kufanele ashise ukuhambisa lezo zingalo nemilenze. Akunzima kakhulu ukucabanga ukuthi ubuchopho benendlela efanayo yokusekela ukuqonda ulimi noma imizwelo. Mhlawumbe, ekugcineni, "ukubukisa" empeleni yiyona ndlela iningi le-neurons ebuchosheni likwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yalo yokufunda nokushintshashintsha, ngokusekelwe kulokho abakubona abanye abakwenzayo emhlabeni obazungezile.
Imithombo:
U-Oberman, uLM, Hubbard, EM, McCleery, JP, Altschuler, EL, uRamachandran, VS, & Pineda, JA (2005). Ubufakazi be-EEG ye-mirror neuron ukungasebenzi emibhalweni ye-autism ye-spectral, Ukucwaninga kweBongo Ongqondweni, 24 (2): 190-8.
I-Pobric, G., Hamilton, AF (2006 Mar 7). Ukuqonda kwesenzo kudinga i-cortex yangaphambili engaphansi kwesokunxele. Biology yamanje, 16 (5): 524-9.
Rizzolatti, G., Craighero, L. (2004). Uhlelo lwe-mirror-neuron. Ukubuyekezwa Kwangonyaka We-Neuroscience. 27: 169-192.
Sollberger, M., Rankin, KP, & Miller, BL (2010). Ukuqanjwa komphakathi. Ukuqhubeka kokufunda konke ku-Neurology , 16 (4), 69-85.
Théoret, H., Pascual Leone, A. (2002). Ukuzuza ulimi: Yenza njengoba uzwa. Biology yamanje, 12 (21): R736-7.