I-Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sekuyisikhathi eside isiwusizo ekutholeni izinkinga zobuchopho, umgogodla, amalunga, nezinye izitho ezimilayo. Eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yamasu amasha, i-MRI nayo ibonakala isebenza kakhulu ekuhloleni izitho ezihambayo - inhliziyo kanye nemithwalo yegazi emikhulu.
Kuyini i-MRI?
I-MRI iyindlela yokucabanga esebenzisa ngokunenzuzo ukuthi i-nuclei ethile ye-athomu (kulesi simo, i-proton eyodwa eyenza i-nucleus ye-athomu ye-hydrogen) izodlidliza, noma "i-resonate," uma ivuleka amandla amakhulu.
Lapho i-hydrogen nuclei resonate isabela ekushintsheni emkhakheni wamagnetic, ikhipha amandla omsakazo. Umshini we-MRI uthola amandla lokhu okukhipha amandla, futhi uguqula wona esithombeni.
Ama-hydrogen nuclei asetshenziselwa ngoba ama-athomu e-hydrogen akhona emangqamuzaneni yamanzi (H2O), ngakho-ke akhona kuzo zonke izicubu emzimbeni. Izithombe ezitholwe ukuskena kwe-MRI ziphawuleka ngokucacile futhi ziningiliziwe. Ngemishini yamanje ye-MRI, lezi zithombe zikhiqizwa njengezilinganiso ze-3-D.
Futhi uma isithombe sakwa-3-D se-MRI sitholakala leso sithombe "singakhanjiswa" futhi sihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe, futhi kunoma iyiphi indiza, cishe senza ukuhlinzwa okuhlolayo kwikhompyutha.
Futhi, ukungafani okucashile ema-athomu e-hydrogen phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zezicubu - umahluko, ngokwesibonelo, ngokungafani kokugeleza kwegazi noma ekusebenzeni kwezicubu - ukukhipha inani elihlukile lamandla. Ukuhluka kwamandla kungaboniswa ngemibala ehlukene ekubukeni kwe-MRI.
Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, i-MRI inikeza izindlela ezikhona zokuthola izicubu zomzimba ezinomsoco wegazi (njenge- coronary artery disease - CAD ) noma eyonakalisiwe (njengokungenwa kwe-infarction ye-myocardial ).
Yini Engayenza I-Cardiac MRI Today?
Ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe, i-MRI isiye yaba usizo kakhulu ekuhloleni kwezimo eziningi zenhliziyo.
Ukuthuthukiswa okuye kwavuselela ikakhulukazi i-MRI yezinhliziyo kuye kwaba yizindlela zokukhwabanisa, eziqeda inqwaba yezinto ezihamba phambili ezibangelwa ukunyakaza kwenhliziyo; kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-gadolinium, i-agent ehlukile ejojelwa egazini, elisiza i-MRI ukuhlukanisa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zezicubu enhliziyweni nasemithanjeni yegazi.
I-MRI ihlala isebenza namuhla ngokuhlola izimo ezilandelayo:
Isifo se-Aortic: Ngenxa yemifanekiso eqondile neyinkimbinkimbi engenziwa, i-MRI ishintshe ukuhlolwa kwezifo ze-aorta. Lezi zihlanganisa i- aortic aneurysm , i- disorction ye-aortic , nokuhlanganiswa. Ukuskena kwe-MRI sekuye kwaba yinto evamile futhi kuyadingeka kakhulu okudingekayo ekulungiseni ukwenziwa kwezifo ze-aorta.
Izifo ze-Myocardial: I- MRI ingasiza ekudaleni isimo nesilinganiso sezifo zenhliziyo yesisu (i-myocardium), njenge- cardiomyopathy . Kungasiza ukunquma ukuthi isifo se-myocardial sibangelwa ischemia , ukuvuvukala, i-fibrosis, noma enye inqubo efana ne- amyloid noma i- sarcoid . I-MRI ingasiza ekuhloleni izinga nobuhlobo be- cardiomyopathy ye- hypertrophic .
Ukusetshenziswa okunye kwe-MRI yomzimba okuthola ukuthambekela kuwukuhlolwa kwe-"carbohydrium myocardium" engaba khona, isifo senhliziyo esithinteka yi-coronary artery disease esibonakala sishonile, kodwa esinamandla okubuyisela umsebenzi wayo emva kokuhlinzwa kwe-bypass.
Ukukhubazeka Kwemisipha Yomzimba: I- MRI ingathola futhi ibonise isifo senhliziyo esingavamile. Futhi ezinganeni ezinesifo senhliziyo esiyinkimbinkimbi, i-MRI ingasiza ekuboneni nasekuhlunguleni izinkinga ezihlukahlukene, nokuhlela izindlela ezingenzeka zokuhlinzwa zokwelapha.
Izifo Eziphazamisayo. I-MRI ingasiza ukukala ubukhulu be- pericardial effusion , nokuhlola ukushaya kwe- pericarditis .
Ukusetshenziswa Okusemandleni Kamuva Kwe-MRI Yenhliziyo
Kuhlolisiswa izicelo eziningana ze-MRI zenhliziyo ukuthi kufanele ekugcineni zikhulise ukusetshenziswa kwale nqubo ngisho nangaphezulu.
Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukuthola i-coronary syndrome enzima (i-ACS) . I-MRI inethuba lokusiza ekwenzeni ngokushesha ukuxilongwa kwe-ACS uma umuntu ezwa ubuhlungu besifuba, ngakho-ke ukuthi ukwelashwa kungaqala ngokushesha.
- Ukubona ukuvinjelwa kwamathambo e-coronary. Ukusebenzisa i-MRI ukubona ngeso lengqondo imishanguzo ye-coronary kungenzeka, kodwa kunemikhawulo eminingana evimbela ukusebenza kwayo kwansuku zonke. I-MRI inembile kakhulu ekutholeni amabhulogi ezingxenyeni ezinkulu ezinhlobonhlobo ze-coronary arteries, kodwa ilahleka noma ngaphezulu kwezixhumo zokuxilonga ezingxenyeni ezincane. Ubuchwepheshe obusha buphantsi kokuthuthukiswa okumele kuthuthukiswe lo mphumela.
- Ukubona i-X syndrome yegazi (isifo somzimba we-coronary artery) . I-MRI isetshenziselwe ukuthola ukugeleza kwegazi okungavamile ezingxenyeni zenhliziyo yesisu, naphezu kokungabikho kwe "CAD" ejwayelekile. Lokhu kutholakala kunikeza ubufakazi obubalulekile bokuthi i-cardiac syndrome x ikhona.
Yiziphi Izinzuzo ze-MRI?
- I-MRI inamandla okufaka okungenani ezinye izivivinyo ezine ze-cardiac: i- echocardiogram , iskena se-MUGA , iskena le- thallium , kanye nokucwaninga kwe- cardiac diagnosis.
- I-MRI ayifaki ukuveza isiguli ukuze i-ionizing (engase ibe yingozi) imisebe.
- Izithombe ezikhiqizwa yi-MRI ziphelele ngokugcwele, ziningiliziwe futhi zicacile - kakhulu kakhulu kunezinye izivivinyo ze-cardiac imaging.
Yiziphi Izinsalela ze-MRI?
- Ukufakwa kwi-scanner ye-MRI kungadala i-claustrophobia ebalulekile kuma-5% weziguli.
- Kunzima ukuqapha iziguli ngenkathi zisemkhatsini we-MRI - ngokwesibonelo, i- ECG iphikisiwe kakhulu - ngakho le nqubo ayifanele iziguli ezigula kakhulu.
- Iziguli ezinezinhlobo ezithile zamadivayisi wezokwelapha ezifana nama- pacemakers , ama- defibrillators angenakunyaka kanye nezinye izigqoko zenhliziyo ezingenakukwazi ukukwazi ukukwazi ukuthola i-MRI ngokuphepha. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje i-pacemaker iye yasungulwa evumela ukuthi i-MRI iskena.
- Isithombe se-MRI siphenduka ngensimbi, ngakho-ke isithombe singaba nesigqila kumagciwane aneziqeshana zokugqoka noma ama-stents, isibonelo.
- Ubuchwepheshe be-MRI buyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi bubizayo. Ukuze i-MRI ibe ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okubanzi, izindleko kuzodingeka zihle kakhulu.
Imithombo:
Lima, JA, Desai, MY. I-imagination ye-resonance ye-cardiovascular magnetic: izicelo zamanje nezisanda kuvela. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 1164.
Kramer CM, Barkhausen J, Flamm SD, et al. Imiklamo yemifanekiso ye-caronvascular resonance imaging (CMR), umphakathi we-resonance ye-cardiovascular magnetic: ibhodi labaphathi be-trustees kuma-protocols ajwayelekile. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2008; 10:35.
I-American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents, Hundley WG, Bluemke DA, et al. I-ACCF / ACR / AHA / NASCI / SCMR 2010 idokhumenti yokuvumelanisa ngolwazi mayelana nokuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi: umbiko we-American College of Cardiology Foundation Task Force on Expert Consensus Documents. Ukujikeleza ngo-2010; 121: 2462.