Izingozi zeCancer Smoking and Other Health Ukukhathazeka

by ULynne Eldridge, MD; Kubuyekeziwe ngo-Grant Hughes, MD

I-Hookah, noma i-waterpipe yokubhema, ingumkhuba wasendulo waseNdiya oye wabanjwa njengesiqhwa sezenhlalo e-United States.

Nakuba abangu-1 kwabangu-6 asebekhulile esikoleni esiphakeme baye bazama i-hookah, amaphesenti angaba ngu-40 abafundi basekolishi abhekene nalesi simo; umkhuba obheke ama-hookah lounges avela eduze kwamakholeji namayunivesithi ogwini ogwini.

Ukuhlanganiswa kocwaningo olubhema ukubhema ugwayi kanye nokuthi i-hookah ibilokhu ibhalwa isifo sofuba emhlabeni wonke ibuza umbuzo: "Ingabe i-hookah ingabhema umphumela womdlavuza?"

Kuyini Hookah?

I-Hookah ingxube yegwayi, evame ukuvuna izithelo, ekhonjiswa ngepayipi yamanzi. I-hookah ejwayelekile inekhanda phezulu kanye nesitsha samanzi phansi, ixhunywe ngunsimbi yensimbi. Amalahle asetshenziselwa ukushisa ugwayi, bese edlula emanzini ngaphambi kokungena emlonyeni ukuze ukhonjiswe.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokufaniswa kwe-hookah noma amanzi okubhema okubandakanya:

Shisha
I-Goza
I-Narghileh / i-nargile
I-Hubble bubble / bubble bubble

Kungani Hookah Ukubhema Kukhathazeka

Njengoba i-hookah isiye ethandwa kakhulu e-United States (kanye nase-UK, eFrance naseMpumalanga Ephakathi,) ukuqonda izingozi ezingahle kwenzeke ngemuva. Phakathi kwabantu abadala, izifundo ziye zathola ukuthi amaphesenti angaba ngu-60 abacabangi ukubhema i-hooka ukuze babe nezingozi ezihlobene nokubhema ugwayi, futhi abanye bangacabangi nokuthi "ukubhema." Ngakho ucwaningo lusitshelani?

Ubuthi kanye nama-carcinogens

Ngokusho kwe-CDC, ukubhema i-hookah okungenani kuyingozi njengobuthi ugwayi.

Amanzi epayipi awahlungi izidakamizwa ogwayi. Njengoba nje kunamakhemikhali amaningi anobuthi kanye nomdlavuza emotweni kagwayi, kunezinto eziningi eziyingozi ku-hookah umusi.

Ukubuyekezwa kokubukeza izifundo ezenziwa phakathi kuka-1991 no-2014 bathola ukuthi inkokhelo ye-hookah iqukethe ama-carcinogens angu-27 awaziwa noma asolwa.

Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa i-arsenic, i-cobalt, i-chromium, ne-lead.

Yini engaziwa kangcono ukuthi ukugxila kwezinto ezinobuthi ku-hookah nentuthu kagwayi kungahluka; ezinye ze-carcinogens zenzeka ezindaweni eziphakeme nakwezinye ezingxenyeni eziphansi ku-hookah umusi. Izibonelo zibandakanya i-carbon monoxide (ekhona kumazinga aphezulu ekubhekeni kobhema kunokubhema ugwayi futhi ingabangela isifo senhliziyo) kanye ne-benzene kanye ne-benzene kanye nesisindo esikhulu samakhemikhali e-polycyclic ama-hydrocarboni ahlanzekile (ama-PAHs) okuyiwona amazinga aphezulu e-hookah kwentuthu kunokubhema ugwayi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amazinga e-nitrosamine aqondene nogwayi kanye nesisindo samandla esincane se-PAH angase abe ngaphezulu kogubha ugwayi kunokuba i-hookah itshise.

Izizathu ZeHokah Zingase Zibhebhe Kakhulu Kunama-cigarettes

Esinye isizathu sokuthi ukubhema i-hookah kungase ibe yingozi kunokhehla ugwayi nje umthamo ophikisiwe. Esikhathini "esimisweni" esivamile sokubhema kwamanzi (cishe ihora), amakhophi angama-200 avuliwe, ngokungahambisani namakhophi angu-20 avunyelwe ukubhema ugwayi owodwa. Lokhu kuhumusha kwiseshini ejwayelekile ye hookah eholele ekutheni inhalation ye-90 000 ml yomusi, ngokumelene no-500 kuya ku-600 ml we-smoke ekhishwa ugwayi.

I-Hookah nayo inomthombo we-toxin ayitholakali ekubhemeni ugwayi.

Amalahle asetshenziselwa ukushisa ugwayi emgqeni we hookah akhipha ikhono le-carbon monoxide namanye amakhemikhali, futhi empeleni, amazinga e-carbon monoxide kubantu ababhekene nokubhema kobhema abakhulu kakhulu kunalabo abantu ababhekene nentuthu kagwayi.

Abantu bavame ukufaka i-hookah ukubhema ngaphakathi kwamapayipi kunokubhema ugwayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, asazi ukuthi lokhu kutholakala kubalulekile, kodwa kungasiza ukubuka izinguquko emdlalweni wamaphaphu emva kokufakwa kwezihlungi kugwayi. Ngaphambi kokuba ugwayi ube nezihlungi, umusi wawungekho ukugxilwa ngokujulile futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ubangele uhlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu owaziwa ngokuthi i- squamous cell carcinoma .

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu luvame kakhulu emigwaqeni emikhulu engena emaphashini (i-bronchi) futhi ngenxa yale ndawo, ijwayele ukutholakala esiteji sangaphambili sesifo. Ngokungezwa kwezihlungi kugwayi, i- lung adenocarcinoma yaba yinto evame kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza wamaphaphu luvame ukwenzeka endaweni yokuphuza yamaphaphu, futhi ngenxa yale ndawo, kuvame ukutholakala ngezigaba kamuva zesifo.

Lokhu kucabangela, kodwa okuyinhloko ukuthi siyazi ukuthi ama-carcinogens akhona kumusi wokubhema nawo akhona ku-hookah umusi, kodwa indlela esiyibona ngayo umonakalo okhona ngaphansi komugqa-ekulimazeni noma umdlavuza-ungase uhluke kunalokho esikubonayo manje ngogwayi ugwayi.

Umehluko wokugcina phakathi kokubhema ugwayi kanye ne-hookah ukuvezwa kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Nakuba ugwayi ngokuvamile uvunyelwa yedwa umuntu, i-hookah ipayipi ivame ukuhlanganyela nabantu abaningana, njengoba "badlula" ipayipi ehokheni le-hooka noma umcimbi wasekhaya. Ama-bacteria noma ama-virus akhona emilonyeni yabanye ababhemayo be-hooka bangase "babelane," kufaka phakathi i-microbes njenge-oral herpes virus.

Njengombhalo wokugcina, ungakhohliswa ukukhangisa okusho ukuthi i-hookah ayinalo i-tar. Kuyindlela yokutshisa (ngegwayi) noma ukushisa (nge hookah) eyenza i-tar. Eqinisweni, ukubhema i-hooka kungabangela ukuvezwa okuphakeme kwe-tar njengoba kubhema isikhathi eside futhi kudinga ukudonsa okunamandla.

Ingozi yeCanscer

Ababhemayo be-Hookah bangase babe engozini yegazi elifanayo elibangelwa ukubhema ugwayi , ngenxa yokudonswa kwezidakamizwa ezifanayo, kanye namanye amakhemikhali ahlobene nokushiswa kwamalahle kanye nephethini ye-inhalation.

Kukhona ubufakazi obuhle bokuthi ukubhema ukubhema kungakwandisa ingozi ye:

Umdlavuza we-Lung - Amakhemikhali amaningi amaphaphu-okwenza umdlavuza we-cigarette atholakala ku-hookah umusi.
Umdlavuza we-Esophageal - Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwathola ukuthi i-hookah ukubhema ibe yingozi engozini yomdlavuza we-esophageal kuyilapho ama-carcinogens emshonjeni wokubhema obhekene nomdlavuza we-hooph ashona nakwe-hookah smoke.
Umdlavuza womlomo - Ugwayi ucasula izicubu emlonyeni nasemqaleni, futhi njengoba kubonakala nabantu abahlafuna ugwayi, kubangela ukuvuvukala okungaholela emdlalweni.
Umdlavuza wesisu (umdlavuza we-gastric) - Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-hookah nokubhema komdlavuza wesisu, kanye nokutholakala okunembile esiswini esiswini sabasebenzisi abavamile be-hookah.
Umdlavuza wesibeletho - Izifundo ze-Epidemiological zihlanganisa i-hookah ukubhema nomdlavuza wesibeletho. Lokhu akumangalisi kusukela e-United States kunomuzwa wokuthi amaphesenti angu-50 wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi emadodeni abangelwa ukubhema ugwayi.
Umdlavuza we-Pancreatic - Ucwaningo luye lwaphawula ukuthi abasebenzisi be-hookah banengozi eyengeziwe yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza we-pancreatic. Siphinde sazi ukuthi i-hookah ukubhema yandisa ingozi yesifo sofuba (isifo se-periodontal) nokuthi lesi sifo sezinsini manje sesiyazi ukuthi siyingozi enkulu yomdlavuza we-pancreatic.
Kungenzeka ukuthi i- leukemia - i-Benzene, i-carcinogen eyaziwayo eyenza i-cancer ehlobene negazi ikakhulukazi i-leukemia e-myelogenous acute (AML) , ikhona ku-hookah umusi. Abacwaningi bahlola ama-hookah angu-105 kanye nabakwa-hookah abangu-103 abangewona abokubhema ababevezwa yi-hookah intuthu yokulinganisa imikhiqizo ephukile ye-benzene ngaphambi nangemva kokuvezwa. Ababhemayo be-Hookah banesilinganiso esingu-4.2 izikhathi eziphakeme ngemuva kokubhema ku-hookah bar kanye nezikhathi ezingu-1.9 eziphakeme ngemuva komcimbi wekhaya. Ngokudabukisayo, amazinga abuye anyuke izikhathi ezingu-2.6 kulabo ababhemayo abangabhemi.

Kusengaphambili kakhulu ukuthi ukwazi ukuthi ingozi yomdlavuza ehlobene kanjani ne-hookah ukubhema, kodwa kubonakala kuwukuhlakanipha ukusebenzisa lokho esikwaziyo mayelana nogwayi nomdlavuza ekukhulumeni nobusha bethu. Asazi isikhathi se- latency sokuvezwa kwe-hookah nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza (isikhathi sokugcina isikhathi sekudlule isikhathi phakathi kokuchazwa kwesifo somdlavuza kanye nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza,) kodwa siyazi ukuthi isikhathi se-latency phakathi kokubhema ugwayi ukuvezwa komdlavuza nomdlavuza kungaba amashumi eminyaka. Kungaba ukuthi i-hookah iyabhema, ngenxa yamazinga amakhulu noma amancane amanye ama-carcinogen kunokubhema ugwayi, izoba nomthelela ezinhlotsheni noma ezingaphansi kwesifo somdlavuza ongabonakali ngokubhema ugwayi.

Ingozi Yesibili Sokuthunga Smoke

Kube nokucwaninga okuncane kuze kube yimanje kubheka umphumela we-handhand hookah ukubhema kubangaphandle ababhemayo. Umusi wokubhema wendawo (ETS) noma umusi wesibhamu obhekene nombhebhe ubhekisela ekuhlanganiseni komusi ovamile, umusi ongasenyakatho , nomusi okhishwa ngababhemi.

Njengoba izinhlobo eziningi zobuthi kanye nama-carcinogens avela kumusi wokubhema zikhona ku-hookah smoke, ukuqala okuhle ukubuka umphumela wokubhema ugwayi wabantu abadala nabantwana. Noma kunjalo, kungase kube khona ukungezwani okufanayo. Umusi womuntu ohamba naye ovela e-hookah ungahle uhluke kulowo mshini wesibhakela okhishwe ngamakhambi ogwayi, nokuningi okuvezwa ngumusi okhishwa umbhemi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kuhle noma kubi omunye umbuzo.

Ucwaningo lwamanqanaba e-benzene e-urinary kubantu abangabhemi ababhekene ne-hookah intuthu kuhlobene (bheka ngaphansi kwegazi eliphakeme ngenhla). Kubuye kulandelwe ukuthi i-NNK (i-4- [methylnitrosamino] -1- [3-pyridyl] -1-butanone) itholakala emazingeni aphezulu ezindlini zokulala zezingane ezivezwayo nge-hookah yeviki noma ngenyanga.

Ezinye izimo zempilo ezihlobene ne-Hookah Smoking

Njengoba nje nokubhema ugwayi, kunezinye izimo eziningi zempilo ezihlobene nokubhema ukubhema okuhamba ngaphezu komdlavuza. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa isifo senhliziyo, ukubeletha ngaphambi kwesikhathi, i-emphysema, nokungazalwa. Kuze kube yilapho sisazi kabanzi, kungasiza ukucabangela lokho esikwaziyo mayelana nokubhema ugwayi ngaphambi kokuba kuvelele kakhulu, ngokuphathelene nalokho esikuziyo namuhla.

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