I-héemolytic anemia ichaza iqembu elikhulu lezimiso ezibonakala ngokubhujiswa okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ukuphila okuphakathi kwesitembu segazi elibomvu kuyizinsuku ezingu-120. Ekupheleni kwezinsuku ezingu-120, iseli elibomvu legazi lidiliziwe futhi izingxenye zalo ziphinde zenziwe kabusha ukuze zenze ezintsha. Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ephukile ngokushesha kunalokhu, kuthiwa i-hemolysis.
I-Hemolysis ingabangelwa izinto eziningi ezahlukene. Amanye amafomu ozuzuza njengefa, njenge- spherocytosis yefa kanye ne- pyruvate kinase . Ezinye zibangelwa amasosha omzimba akho aphule amaseli egazi abomvu, njenge-autoimmune i-hemolytic anemia noma isifo se-hemolytic somntwana osanda kuzalwa . Enemeni ye-hemolytic eyakhiwe izidakamizwa, kunezinqubo eziningana ezahlukahlukene ezibangelwa i-hemolysis uma uthola imithi noma i-toxin.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
Izimpawu ze-anemia ye-hemolytic eyenziwa yizidakamizwa zifana nezinye izinhlobo ze-anemia ye-hemolytic. Lezi zimpawu ziyahlukahluka kancane ngokuthi isifo segazi elibomvu siphukile ngenkathi sisakazwa (i-hemolysis ye-intravascular) noma ngaphandle kwesistimu ye-vascular (ikakhulukazi isibindi ne-spleen). Izimpawu zakho zingabandakanya:
- I-jaundice, i-yellowing yesikhumba
- Umchamo omnyama (itiye noma umbala we-cola)
- I-Pallor, umbala obalabala wesikhumba
- Ukukhathala, ukukhathala
- Isizungu
- Inkokhelo yenhliziyo ephakeme
- Ukuphelelwa umoya
- I-splenomegaly, ipeni ekhulisiwe
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia ye-hemolytic eyenziwa izidakamizwa kuqala njengezinhlobo eziningi ze-anemia, ne- total count count (CBC). I-anemia iboniswa i-hemoglobin ephansi kanye / noma i-hematocrit. Ku-anemia ye-hemolytic, ukukhiqizwa kwegazi elibomvu kwegazi kuphuthumayo kuholele kwinani elikhudlwana lama-reticulocytes, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu abomvu.
Lokhu kuhlolwa kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-retic futhi kungabikwa njengephesenti noma isibalo esiphelele se-reticulocyte (ARC).
Ukuze uhlolisise i-hemolytic anemias, kubalulekile kumuntu (kungaba i-hematologist noma i-pathologist) ukubuka amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Lokhu kuhlolwa kubizwa ngokuthi i-peripheral blood smear. Igazi elibomvu ngokujwayelekile libukeka nxazonke, lifana nomnikelo ongaphansi kwe-microscope, kodwa uma iseli elibomvu legazi libhujiswa kusengaphambili lihlukaniswe noma lifakwe njengezinhlaka noma ama-globe.
Ezinye imithi ibangela i-immune immune hemolytic anemia efana ne-autoimmune anemia ye-hemolytic. Uma unalo, ukuhlolwa okubizwa ngokuthi i-antiglobulin test test (DAT noma Direct Coombs) kuyoba yindlela ekhombisa ukuthi amasosha omzimba wakho ahlasela futhi awonakalisa amaseli akho abomvu ahlanzekile. Ngenxa yokuthi iseli elibomvu legazi likhishwa i-bilirubin, i-pigment ebangela i-jaundice, amazinga akho we-bilirubin angase aphakanyiswe. Uma kungenjalo, azikho izivivinyo eziqondile zokunquma ukuthi imithi yakho iyimbangela ye-anemia yakho ye-hemolytic. Ngokuvamile, ukuxilongwa kuqinisekiswa uma i-anemia yakho ithuthukisa emva kokuyeka imithi.
Izimbangela
Kukhona imithi eminingana ehlobene ne-anemia etholakala izidakamizwa.
Amacala ajwayelekile kakhulu:
- I-Cephalosporins, i-antibiotic evamile, kuhlanganise ne-ceftriaxone
- Ama-penicillin, ikakhulukazi i-piperacillin
- I-Diclofenac, i-non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
- I-Oxaliplatin, imithi ye-chemotherapeutic
Isimo esilandelayo yisifo se-glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Kuloluhlobo lwe-anemia, ulahlekelwa i-enzyme eyinhloko (amakhemikhali) esitokisini segazi elibomvu. Uma uthola imithi ethile njengama-antibiotic e-sulfa, amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi angenza i-hemolyze ibangele i-anemia. Uma unesifo se-G6PD, kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi imithi / ukudla okufanele uzigweme .
Izinketho zokwelapha
Izinketho zokwelapha zithathwa ukuthi i-anemia yakho ilukhuni kangakanani.
Okokuqala, imithi / isxube ebangela ukuthi i-hemolytic anemia kufanele imiswe. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kunganikezwa uma kunesidingo. Uma i-hemolysis inzima, ingabangela ukulimala kwezinso. Ngenhlanhla, lokhu ngokuvamile kuyesikhashana futhi kuthuthukisa uma i-hemolysis ixazulula, kodwa lokhu kungadinga i-dialysis isikhathi esithile.
Izwi elivela
Kungase kubonakale kungajwayelekile ukuthi ufunde ukuthi imithi owawuyithatha kwenye indawo yezokwelapha yabangela ukuphazamiseka kwegazi. Ngenhlanhla, ukususa imithi yokwehliswa kuyokwenza ukuthi i-hemolysis ingabi nakakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho ukuthi imiphi imithi eyenza i-anemia ukuze ukwazi ukugwema ukuyisebenzisa esikhathini esizayo.
> Imithombo:
> Schrier SL noBrugnara C. Pathogenesis ye-autoimmune i-hemolytic anemia: I-agglutinins evuthayo nezidakamizwa. Ku: UpToDate, Post, TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.
> Schrier SL. I-anemia ye-Hemolytic ngenxa yezidakamizwa nezidakamizwa. Ku: UpToDate, Post, TW (Ed), UpToDate, Waltham, MA.