Ukuphazamiseka Okubanjwe Ngezizwe Negazi Eliholela EkuHemolysis Engavamile
I-Hemolysis yilahlekelwa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Amaseli aphuzi egazi ngokuvamile ahlala izinsuku ezingaba ngu-120. Ngemva kwalokho, bafa futhi bawa phansi. Amaseli alubomvu athatha i-oxygen kuwo wonke umzimba. Uma amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ephuka ngokweqile, kuzoba nombalwa kubo ukuthwala umoya-mpilo. Ezinye izifo nezimo zenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphule ngokushesha kakhulu, okwenza ukhathele nezinye izimpawu ezingathí sina.
Izinhlobo ze-Hemolytic Anemia
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze- anemia ye- hemolytic futhi isimo singathathwa njengefa (abazali bakho badlulisela isisindo sengqondo kuwe) noma uthola (kusho ukuthi awuzalwanga nesimo, kodwa uyayithuthukisa ngesikhathi esithile ekuphileni kwakho). Izinkinga nezimo ezilandelayo ziyizibonelo zezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-anemia ye-hemolytic:
I-Anemias yamaHemolytic ezuzwe. Ungase ube nezinkinga nge- hemoglobin , i-membrane yeseli, noma ama-enzyme agcina amangqamuzana akho abomvu ahlanzekile . Lokhu ngokuvamile ngenxa yesakhi (g) esingafanele esilawula ukukhiqizwa kwegazi elibomvu. Ngenkathi uhamba ngegazi, amangqamuzana angajwayelekile angase abe buthaka futhi aphule.
I-Sickle Cell Anemia. Isifo esibi esizuzwe njengefa lapho umzimba wenza i-hemoglobin engavamile. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abe nesimo senhlanzi (noma ugwayi). Amaseli okugula ngokuvamile afa ngemva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-10 kuya kwezingu-20 njengoba umnkantsha wezintambo awukwazi ukwenza amasha amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ngokushesha okwanele ukuba athathe isikhundla sabashonile.
E-US, i-sickle cell anemia ihlasela kakhulu abaseMelika baseMelika.
Thalassemias . Lezi yizifo zegazi ezizuzwe njengefa lapho umzimba ongakwazi ukwenza ngokwanele izinhlobo ezithile ze-hemoglobin, okubangela ukuba umzimba wenze amangqamuzana egazi abomvu angcono kunawo wonke.
I-Hereditary Spherocytosis. Lapho isembozo sangaphandle samangqamuzana egazi abomvu (i-membrane ephezulu) ephikisiwe, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu abe neminyaka emfushane yokuphila kanye nesimo , noma ukufana nebhola.
I-Elliptocytosis yamaHereditary (i-Ovalocytosis). Okunye okubandakanya inkinga nge-membrane yeseli, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi ajwayelekile ngendlela engavamile, ayinakuguquguquka njengamaseli egazi abomvu avamile, futhi abe nempilo emifushane kunezingqamuzana ezinempilo.
I-Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Ukuntuleka. Uma amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi alahlekile i-enzyme ebalulekile ebizwa nge- G6PD , bese unesifo se-G6PD. Ukuntuleka kwe-enzyme kubangela ukuthi amangqamuzana akho abomvu egazi aphule futhi afe lapho ehlangana nezinto ezithile egazini legazi.
Kulabo abanesifo se-G6PD, izifo, ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukudla okunye noma izidakamizwa, kungabangela ukubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ezinye izibonelo zezinto ezinjengalezi zihlanganisa izidakamizwa ze-antimalarial, imithi ye- spirin , izidakamizwa eziphikisana nezidakamizwa (ama-NSAID), izidakamizwa ze-sulfa , i-naphthalene (i-chemical chemotherball) noma ama-fava ubhontshisi.
I-Pyruvate Ukuntuleka Kwe-Kinase. Lapho umzimba ulahlekelwa i-enzyme ebizwa nge-pyruvate kinase, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu avame ukwehla kalula.
I-Anemias ye-Hemolytic etholakalayo. Uma i-anemia yakho ye-hemolytic itholakele, amaseli akho abomvu angase ajwayelekile kodwa ezinye izifo noma ezinye izici zidala umzimba wakho ukuba ubhubhise amaseli obomvu egazi noma egazini.
I-Immune Hemolytic Anemia. Kulesi simo, isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sisaphazamisa amangqamuzana egazi abomvu .
Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-anemia ye-immune hemolytic yilezi:
- I-autoemmune i-hemolytic anemia (AIHA). Lesi yisimo esiningi kakhulu se-hemolytic anemia (akhawunti ye-AIHA engxenyeni yazo zonke izimo ze-anemia ye-hemolytic). Ngezinye izizathu ezingaziwa, i-AIHIA ibangela ukuthi umzimba wakho uvikele omzimba ukuze wenze ama-antibodies ahlasela amangqamuzana egazi abomvu aphile. I-AIHIA ingaba yingozi futhi ifike ngokushesha kakhulu.
- I-Alloimmune i-anemia ye-hemolytic (AHA). I-AHA ivela lapho isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ngculaza sihlaselwa izicubu ezifakwe emzimbeni, ukumpompela igazi , noma abanye besifazane abakhulelwe, i-fetus. Njengoba i-AHA ingenzeka uma igazi elimpontshelwa igazi lihlukile kunegazi lakho, i-AHA nayo ingenzeka ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa lapho owesifazane enegazi elingenayo i-Rh nomntanakhe enegazi le-Rh. I-Rh isisindo samaphrotheni amangqamuzana egazi abomvu futhi "i-Rh-negative" ne "Rh-positive" ibhekisela ukuthi igazi lakho linalo i-Rh factor.
- Inemia ye-hemolytic eyenziwa yizidakamizwa. Uma umuthi uphazamisa isimiso somzimba wakho womzimba ukuhlasela amangqamuzana akhe abomvu wegazi, ungase ube i-hemolytic induced by drugs. Amakhemikhali emithini (njenge-penicillin) angakwazi ukunamathisela kwi-red cell cell surfaces futhi abangela ukuthuthukiswa kwama-antibodies.
I-Mechanical Hemolytic Anemias. Ukulimala komzimba emangqamuzaneni abomvu wegazi kungabangela ukubhujiswa ngesivinini esisheshayo kunokujwayelekile. Umonakalo ungabangelwa yizinguquko emithanjeni encane yegazi, amadivaysi athile wezokwelapha, ukucindezelwa kwegazi eliphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (preeclampsia), noma i-eclampsia (isimo esibangela ukugwinya kwabesifazane abakhulelwe), ukucindezeleka okubi kakhulu noma ukugula okungavamile kwegazi njenge-thrombocy thrombocytopenic purpura , okubangela ukuba i-blood clots yenziwe emithonjeni encane yegazi kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imisebenzi enzima ingase ibangele ukulimala kwamangqamuzana egazi (njenge-run marathon)
I-Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria (i-PNH). Umzimba wakho uzobhubhisa amaseli egazi abomvu angavamile (okubangelwa ukungabi namaprotheni athile) masinyane kunokuvamile nalesi simo. Abantu abane-PNH basengozini yokwandisa:
- Ama-blood clots emithanjeni
- Amazinga aphansi amaseli amhlophe egazi namapulethi
Ezinye Izimbangela Zokulimaza Amaseli E-Red Blood. Ukutheleleka okunye, amakhemikhali kanye nezinto ezingaphazamisa amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, okuholela e-anemia ye-hemolytic. Ezinye izibonelo zibandakanya amakhemikhali anobuthi, i-malaria, izifo ezithwalwe umuthi noma inyoka.
Izivivinyo zegazi ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlonza i-Hemolysis
Ukubona udokotela wakho yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola ukuxilongwa kwe-anemia ye-hemolytic. Udokotela wakho angase ahlole umlando wakho wezokwelapha nomndeni ngaphezu kokuhlolwa ngokomzimba nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga i-hemolysis yilokhu:
- Ukubalwa kwe-cell cell (RBC), okubizwa ngokuthi i-erythrocyte count
- Isivivinyo se-Hemoglobin (Hgb)
- Isivivinyo se-serum haptoglobin
Izinhlelo zokuhlola izingane ezisanda kuzalwa njengoba zigunyazwe uMbuso ngamunye zivame ukukhipha (ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi njalo) nge-sickle cell anemia kanye nokuntuleka kwe-G6PD ezinganeni. Ukuxilongwa kokuqala kwezimo ezizuze njengefa kubalulekile ukuze izingane zithole ukwelashwa okufanele.
umthombo:
Izikhungo zezempilo zikazwelonke. Izinhlobo ze-Hemolytic Anemia. www.nhlbi.nih.gov. Kufinyelelwe ngo-9 Mashi 2016.