I-Anaphylaxis iyindlela yokusabela yokwelapha engasongela impilo engabangela ukuvezwa kwezidakamizwa eziningi (izilonda). I-allergies ejwayelekile kakhulu engakwazi ukukhiqiza i-anaphylaxis yizidakamizwa, izinambuzane zihlaba, ukudla, kanye ne-latex.
Indlela Umzimba Wokuzivikela Ngayo Ubangela Anaphylaxis
Amasosha omzimba wakho akuvikela izinto zangaphandle. I-historic kanye namanye amakhemikhali omlamuleli akhuthaza impendulo yokuvuvukala agcinwa emaseleni omzimba kanye nama-basophil asezintweni zomzimba wakho wonke.
Ngemuva kokuvezwa kwezinto zangaphandle, amaseli omzimba wakho (i-lymphocytes) aqala ukukhiqiza ama-antibodies azobona lezo zinto ngesikhathi esizayo emzimbeni. Ngokuchayeka kwesikhathi esizayo, lezi zinqamuzana zibophezela ezintweni futhi ziphinde zithole ama-receptors kuma-mast cell kanye nase-basophils. Lokhu kubangela ukukhululwa kwamakhemikhali omlamuleli okhuthaza ukuphendula okuvuthayo.
I-Histamine nabanye abalamuleli benza ukuba imishanguzo yegazi ikwazi ukuhlanza uketshezi oluthe xaxa kufaka izicubu, okuholela ekuvupheni. Ku-anaphylaxis, amakhemikhali akhululwa kuwo wonke umzimba futhi athinte izinhlelo eziningi ezahlukene. Umfutho wegazi ophansi, ukusila, nokuphefumula kanzima kubonakala.
Ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic akuvame ukuba khona okokuqala uma uthola i-allergen. Ngesikhathi esilandelayo lapho uthola khona i-allergen ungase ube nomthelela ophikisayo. I-Anaphylaxis ayidlangalaleni kepha ingenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi ngemuva kokuzwa.
Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimakhemikhali zenziwa ngokuqondile ukuze zikhishwe, ngaphandle kokuvezwa kwangaphambili noma ukuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-anaphylactoid futhi kaningi kubonakala ekuphenduleni kwe-IV ukuhluka okuphakathi, ama-opioid, ukuvivinya umzimba nokushisa okukhulu.
Izimbangela ezivamile
I-Anaphylaxis ingenzeka ngokuphendula cishe noma iyiphi i-allergen.
Noma kunjalo, izifo ezivamile zokuphefumula ezifana ne-hay fever kanye ne-dander yezilwane ngokuvamile azibangela i-anaphylaxis. Iphesenti elikhulu lamacala we-anaphylaxis ayikwazi ukuxhunyaniswa ne-allergen ethile futhi ibizwa ngokuthi idiopathic.
Ukudla kokudla
Ukwelashwa kokudla yizinto ezivame kakhulu ezibangelwa i-anaphylaxis ezinganeni, futhi phakathi kwezimbangela eziphezulu zabantu abadala. Ukudla okuvame ukwenziwa yizinkukhu, amantongomane emithi (ama-walnuts, ama-hazelnuts, ama-pecans), inhlanzi, i-shellfish, amaqanda ezinkukhu, nobisi lwezinkomo. Kungabonakala nangokolweni, i-soy, imbewu ye-sesame, nezithelo ze-kiwi, nofulawa lwe-lupine.
Izinambuzane Zomuthi Wezinambuzane
I-Wasp ne-bee stings yizimbangela ezivamile zokuphendula kwe-anaphylactic ezinganeni futhi yizona ezibangela kakhulu kubantu abadala. Lezi zinambuzane zihlanganisa izimpungushe eziphuzi, ama-honeybees, ama-wasps wephepha, ne-hornets. Izintuthwane zomlilo zingabuye zenze ukuphendula.
Imithi yokwelapha
Ukwelashwa kwemithi kuyimbangela evamile ye-anaphylaxis kuzo zonke izigaba. Izidakamizwa ezivame kakhulu ezikhiqiza i-anaphylaxis yi-penicillin, i-aspirin, kanye nezidakamizwa ezingezona ukuvuvukala ezifana ne-Advil (ibuprofen) ne-Aleve (naproxen).
Ukusabela kwe-Anaphylactoid kungenzeka ngemva kokuphathwa ngokubambisana kwezidakamizwa ezinikezwe ngesikhathi se-anesthhesia jikelele, i-idayine equkethe i-iodine idayisi esetshenziselwa ukuhlola izithombe, ama-opioid, namagciwane omzimba.
Imithi engavamile engavamile-i-anaphylaxis ebangelwayo ibonakala nge:
- I-insulini, ikakhulukazi emithonjeni engeyona yomuntu noma lapho ingasetshenziswanga muva nje noma njalo.
- Izidakamizwa zeSulfa
- Izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa
- Izidakamizwa zisetshenziswe esikhumbeni, kuhlanganise namagciwane
- Amaphilisi we-anesthetics asekhaya, njengasetshenziswa ezinkambweni zamazinyo
I-Latex Allergies
I-Latex ngumkhiqizo wenjoloba yemvelo etholakala ezintweni eziningi ezisetshenziselwa ukunakekelwa kwempilo kanye nemikhiqizo eminingi yabathengi. Isidingo se-latex sakhuphuka ngawo-1980 njengoba ukusetshenziswa kweglavu kwakudingeka kwezinye izici zokunakekelwa kwezempilo. I-latex esetshenzisiwe yayineprotheni edala i-latex yokungezwani komzimba. Amagilavu okwamanje akhiqizwa angaphansi kwamaprotheni.
Kodwa-ke, abantu abaye bakhuthazwa futhi banomdlavuza we-latex obunzima bangathinteka ngisho nokuba begumbini elinama-gloves latex noma amabhaluni.
I-Anaphylaxis Yokuzivocavoca
I-anaphylaxis eyenziwa ngokuzivocavoca (EIA) iyimbangela engavamile ye-anaphylaxis eyenzeka ngenxa yomsebenzi womzimba. Ukuvivinya umzimba kungaba yimuphi uhlobo, kuhlanganise ukugijima, i-tennis, ukubhukuda, ukuhamba, noma ngisho nemisebenzi eqinile njengengqamuzana eliqhwayo. Izimpawu zingase ziqale ngokukhathala, ukufudumala, ukufudumala nokubomvu, ngokuvamile phakathi kwemizuzu embalwa kokuqala umzimba.
Isizathu se-EIA asiziwa. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi banezinye izinkinga zokuthi, kanye nokuzivocavoca, kubangela izimpawu. Lezi zimbangela zihlanganisa imithi, ukudla, utshwala, izimo zezulu (ezishisayo, ezibandayo, noma ezimanzi) kanye nokuya esikhathini. Ngokuvamile, ukuzivocavoca noma ukuhlasela okuwukuphela kwakho ngeke kubangele izimpawu. Kodwa uma lowo muntu evezwe ekuqotheni nokuzivocavoca, izimpawu ze-EIA zingase zenzeke.
Imithi eye yabika ukuthi ibangele i-EIA ifaka i-aspirin, ibuprofen nezinye izidakamizwa ezingekho-steroidal ezilwa nokuvuvukala (ama-NSAID) . Ukudla okuningi (uma kudliwa amahora angu-24 ngaphambi kokusebenzisa) kuhlotshaniswa ne-EIA, kufaka phakathi okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu, izilwane zasolwandle, amantongomane, izithelo, imifino, ubisi, nophuzo. Abanye abantu abane-EIA bahlobanisa nokudla, kodwa akukho ukudla okuqondile okubangela izimpawu.
I-Oral Mite Anaphylaxis (i-Pancake Syndrome)
Abantu abahlukumeza izidakamizwa zothuli baye babhekana ne-anaphylaxis ngenxa yokudla ukudla okungcolisiwe ngama-particle mite particles. Lesi sifo esingavamile sinikezwe igama lomlomo mite anaphylaxis (OMA), noma i-pancake syndrome. Izidakamizwa ezinothuli ziyimbangela evamile yezifo ezithathelwanayo. Zivame ukutholakala ekubhekeni impahla, ukupaka izimpahla, nokufenisha ifenisha, kepha zingangcolisa ukudla okwenziwe ngotshani kakolweni nezinye izitshalo zokusanhlamvu. Izimpawu ze-OMA zivame ukwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamaminithi ambalwa kuya emahoreni ngemva kokudla ukudla okungcolile ngezidakamizwa.
U-OMA uvame ukubikwa kubantu abasha abaneminye imizwelo, nakuba kungenzeka kubantu beminyaka yonke. Akucaci ukuthi kungani abantu abaningi bengabhekene nalesi simo, kunikezwa ukuthi udlala oluvamile oluthile oluthile lungakanani futhi ukuthi ufulawa cishe ungcoliswa kanjani nezibungu. Kubantu ababikiwe ukuthi babhekene ne-pancake syndrome, cishe isigamu (amaphesenti angu-44) babenomlando wokungalingani nemithi engeyona-stroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs).
I-Urticaria / i-Anaphylaxis ekhishwe ngamakhaza
Ngokuvamile, ukushisa komkhuhlane kungaveza i-anaphylaxis. Abantu abangase bazwele cishe banomdlavuza obangelwa amakhaza (ama-hives) abanjelwe amakhaza ezimo ezibandayo.
Ukunciphisa Ukunciphisa Ukudla Kwezilwane Ezibomvu
Uhlobo olungavamile lwe-anaphylaxis lungenzeka kubantu ababethelwe uphawu olusanda kudla ngegazi kusuka epulazini. Laba bantu baqinisekiswa ku-alpha-gal bese sebekwazi ukuthuthukisa i-anaphylaxis uma bedla inyama ebomvu.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Abantu abanezinyosi ezibangelwa yizinto ezivame ukuvusa i-anaphylaxis basengozini enkulu. Kungenzeka ukuthi wawunezimpendulo zangakini esikhathini esedlule, njenge-rash. Ungase uhlakulele i-anaphylaxis esikhathini esizayo. Uma ngabe uke waba ne-anaphylactic reaction, usengozini enkulu yokuphinde uphinde ubenze. Ukusabela esikhathini esizayo kungase kube nzima nakakhulu.
Abantu abane-asthma abanobucayi besengozini yokubhekana nokugula okukhulu, kuhlanganise ne-anaphylaxis. Uma uthola ukwelashwa ekudleni, imithi, noma izinambuzane, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezingaphezulu uma unesifo sofuba. Okufanayo nakwabantu abanezinye izifo zamaphaphu ezingapheli njengoba izimpawu zokuphefumula zizoba nzima kakhulu ngesikhathi se-anaphylaxis. Uma une-asthma elawulwa kabi noma isifo senhliziyo, usengozini yokufa ngenxa ye-anaphylaxis.
Abantu abanezifo zenhliziyo abazithatha i-beta-blockers noma i-alpha-adrenergic blockers basengozini enkulu uma behlakulela i-anaphylaxis ngoba leyo mithi inciphisa imiphumela ye-epinephrine, enikezwa ukuyeka ukusabela kwe-anaphylactic.
Ukwelashwa kuka-Anaphylaxis nge-epinephrine kunomngcipheko omkhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-50 njengoba kungabangela izinkinga zenhliziyo kuhlanganise ne-fibrillation ye-atrial kanye ne-infyoction ye-myocardial.
Usengozini yokuthola i-anaphylaxis uma unesifo noma usuqala ukuphumula.
I-Mastocytosis yisimo esingavamile lapho unama-cell mast amaningi, ama-cell immune agcina i-histamine namanye amakhemikhali. Lawa maseli angakwazi ukuqoqa esikhumbeni, ezithombeni zangaphakathi namathambo. Uma kubangelwa i-allergen usengozini yokuthola i-anaphylaxis ngenxa yenani lamaseli ekhishwa la makhemikhali.
Imithombo:
> Anaphylaxis. I-Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/anaphylaxis/symptoms-causes/syc-20351468.
> Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezidakamizwa: Ukuphendula kwe-Anaphylactic (Anaphylaxis). I-Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK464181/.
> Idiopathic Ukuzivocavoca Factsheet November 2017 . Umkhankaso we-Anaphylaxis. https://www.anaphylaxis.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Idiopathic-Anaphylaxis-Izici-Nov-2017.pdf.
> Nwaru BI, Dhami S, Sheikh A. Idiopathic Anaphylaxis. Izinketho zamanje zokwelapha ekungezwani komzimba . 2017; 4 (3): 312-319. i-doi: 10.1007 / s40521-017-0136-2.
> Sanchez-Borges M, uSuarez Chacon R, Capriles-Hulett A, uCalallo-Fonseca F, Fernandez-Caldas E. Anaphylaxis Ukusuka kokungenisa izibungu: I-Pancake Anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013; 131: 31-5.