Ukwehla kwe-IgA ekhethiwe
Ukuntuleka kwe-immunoglobulin A (IgA) yiyona ndlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokuzivikela komzimba. Kubonakala kuncane kakhulu kumazinga angenayo ye-IgA egazini legazi, okungabangela inani elandayo lezifo ezibandakanya izibilini ezinjengezindlebe, izono, amaphaphu kanye nomgudu wamathumbu. Abantu abanesifo se-IgA basengozini enkulu yezinye izifo, kuhlanganise nezifo ezizimele, izifo zamathunjini, izifo ezithathelwanayo, kanye nezinhlobo ezimbi ze-immunodeficiency.
Kuyini IgA?
I-IgA i-antibody egcwele kakhulu ekhiqizwa ngumzimba futhi ikhona kokubili egazini kanye nasesimweni esiyimfihlo ebusweni bezinambuzane. Indima ebaluleke kunazo zonke ye-IgA ukuvikela ukulwa nokutheleleka kuma-bacteria amaningi akhona embranini emangcwabeni. I-IgA yenza ukugqoka ama-bacteria, abese abhujiswe yizici ezihlukahlukene zokuzivikela.
Kuyini Ukuntuleka kwe-IgA?
Ukuntuleka kwe-IgA kuchazwa ngokuthi ukungabi khona okuphelele, noma amagugu aphansi kakhulu, we-IgA njengoba kulinganiswa egazini, ekubekeni kwamanye amazinga e-antibody ( IgG no-IgM) ajwayelekile. Amanani amancane aphansi e-IgA awahambisani nokuntuleka kwe-IgA.
Ngenkathi ukungabi nalutho kwe-IgA kufakwa njengesimo sokuzivikela komzimba, abantu abangama-85-90% abanesifo se-IgA abanalo izimpawu ezihlobene nesimo sabo. Iningi labantu litholakala ukuthi liwumphumela wokunikela ngegazi, lapho cishe okungu-1 kubo bonke abantu abangu-300 betholakala benesifo se-IgA.
Ukuntuleka kwe-IgA kubangelwa ukungajwayelekile kwezingqamuzana zamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi emzimbeni (ama- B-cells kanye / noma ama-T-cells ), okuvame ukungenxa yokungahleleki kwezakhi zofuzo ezihamba emindenini.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuntuleka kwe-IgA?
Abanye, kodwa hhayi bonke, abantu abanesifo se-IgA basengozini enkulu yokwelashwa okubandakanya izibilini ezinamaqabunga, njengezono ( sinusitis ), izindlebe eziphakathi (ama- otitis media ), amaphaphu ( isibhamu ), kanye nomzila wamathumbu (i-Giardiasis).
Akuqondakali ukuthi kungani abantu abaningi abanesifo se-IgA bengenalo ukwanda kwezifo, futhi kungani abanye benenkinga eminingi evela kule nsizakalo ye-antibody.
Ukuntuleka kwe-IgA kuhlotshaniswa nezinye izifo zamathunjini, kuhlanganise nokubekezelelana kwe-lactose , isifo se-celiac , nesifo sofuba esiswini. Izifo ze-Celiac zivame ukutholakala ngokuba khona kwama-IgA antibodies ngokumelene namaprotheni athile emkhakheni wezinsi, okungenjalo, awungeke awuthole kumuntu onezifo ezimbili ze-celiac kanye nokuntuleka kwe-IgA. Esikhundleni salokho, amasosha omzimba we-IgG ngokumelene nalawo maprotheni afanayo kulindeleke ukuthi abe khona kumuntu onesifo se-celiac. Ngakho-ke, umuntu osolakala ukuthi une-celiac isifo kufanele ahlolwe ukungabi nalutho kwe-IgA ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwegazi ngesifo se-celiac ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwesifo se-celiac ngeke kube yiphutha elingamanga elibangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-IgA.
Ucwaningo oluningi lubonise ukuthi okungenani isigamu sabo bonke abantu abanesifo se-IgA sinokukhula okwenyuka kwezimo ezibangelwa ukugula , kuhlanganise nomkhuhlane we-hay , i- asthma , i- eczema , isifuba nokudla kokudla . Abanye abantu abanesifo se-IgA empeleni benza ama-antibodies anesifo ( IgE ) ngokumelene nama-anti-IgA e-IgA futhi ngenxa yengozi yokuthola i- anaphylaxis ngenxa yokuthola igazi.
Ngakho-ke, abantu abanesifo se-IgA kufanele bagqoke isongo sokuqapha kwezokwelapha ukuze kuthi uma kudingekile ukumpompela igazi okuphuthumayo, umkhiqizo wegazi ngaphandle kwama-IgA antibodies ungasetshenziswa ukuze unciphise ithuba lokuthola i-anaphylaxis.
Abantu abane-IgA abangenalutho nabo basengozini enkulu yokugula ngezifo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nezifo ezithile zegazi (njenge- ITP , TTP, ne-hemolytic anemia), isifo samathambo, i- systemic lupus erythematosus , ne-Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Lezi zifo zenzeka cishe ku-20-30% abantu abanokuntuleka kwe-IgA.
Amanye amakhemikhali, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wezinyosi kanye nama- lymphomas , nawo akhona emazingeni aphakeme kubantu abanesifo se-IgA.
Okokugcina, abanye abantu abanokukhubazeka kwe-IgA bangase bathuthuke ekwandiseni izinhlobo ze-immunodeficiency, njenge-common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).
Iyini Ukwelashwa Kwe-IgA Ukuntula?
Ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kokuntuleka kwe-IgA ukwelashwa kwezifo noma izifo ezihambisanayo ezingase zenzeke. Abantu abanesifo se-IgA kanye nezifo eziqhubekayo kufanele baphathwe ngaphambilini futhi behlukunyezwa ngama-antibiotic kunomuntu ngaphandle kokuntuleka kwe-IgA. Ukugonywa ngokumelene nezifo ezivamile, njengezinguquko ezibulewe (imishanguzo ephilayo emagciwane kufanele igwenywe) wegciwane lokugoma le-influenza kanye nomgomo wokuphefumula , kufanele unikezwe kubantu abanesifo se-IgA. Ukuqapha ukutholakala kwezifo ezizimele, izifo zamathunjini, izimo ezibangelwa ukwelashwa, amakhemikhali, kanye nokwehla kwesifo sokuzivikela kufanele kwenziwe njalo kubantu abane-IgA abakwaziyo.
Umthombo:
I-Yel L. Ukukhethwa kwe-IgA ye-IgA. J Clin Immunol. 2010; 30: 10-16.
ISICELO: Ulwazi oluqukethwe kule sayithi lusezinhloso zemfundo kuphela, futhi akufanele lisetshenziswe njengengxenye yokunakekelwa ngumuntu udokotela olayisensi. Sicela ubheke udokotela wakho ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwanoma yiziphi izimpawu noma isimo sezokwelapha.