Ngemuva kwesifo, indlela eyinhloko yokuphulukisa nokuphulukisa ihlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokuvuselela ukuthuthukisa amakhono angokwenyama kanye nomsebenzi wokuqonda. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvuselelwa kokushaywa kwesifo sokuthutha, futhi uma usuphulukile kusuka esihlokweni, cishe kuzodingeka uthathe iqhaza kwelinye noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu.
Ukwelashwa Kwemvelo
Ukwelapha ngokomzimba kuhlanganisa ukuhlukahluka kwemisipha nokuzivocavoca.
Imisebenzi yokukhwabanisa emzimbeni yenzelwa ukuqeqesha ubuchopho nemisipha ukuba isebenze ndawonye isebenzisa izindlela ezakha amandla omzimba futhi zigcina ithoni ye-muscle enempilo. Ucwaningo lwamuva olusuka e-United Kingdom lusetshenziswa idatha kusukela ku-database yaseChchrane, enye ye-stroke esinde kakhulu yokulondolozwa kwedatabanks, ukuhlola ukusebenza kahle kokwelashwa ngokomzimba ngemva kokushaywa yisifo. Imiphumela yocwaningo lwase-UK yaphetha ngokuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezindlela zokwelapha zokwelapha nezindlela ezisetshenziselwa emhlabeni wonke ukuze kutholakale abasindile besifo.
Ngesikhathi abacwaningi bengatholi ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lwezokwelapha lwangcono kunabanye, baphetha ngokuthi ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kusebenza ngokuphumelelayo ekusizeni abasindile isifo sokuhamba (ukukwazi ukuhamba,) ukuhamba ngesivinini esheshayo, ukusebenza ngokuzimela futhi ube nokulinganisela okungcono. Abacwaningi bacabangela ukuthi umthamo omuhle wokwelapha ngokomzimba ube yimizuzu engaba ngu-30-60 ezinsukwini ezingu-5-7 ngesonto.
Ukwelapha ngokomzimba nakho kwatholakala ukuthi kuphumelela kakhulu lapho imihlangano isungulwa ngokushesha nje ngemva kokushaya.
Ukwelapha Umsebenzi
Ngokungafani nokwelashwa ngokomzimba, ukwelashwa komsebenzi wuhlobo oluthe xaxa lomsebenzi wokuqeqesha. Abahlengikazi basebenzi basebenza nabasindile abahlukunyezwayo emisebenzini yangempela yemisebenzi yansuku zonke, njengokukhuphuka izitebhisi, ukungena nokuphuma embhedeni nokugqoka.
Yiqiniso, kukhona ukuhlukana phakathi kokwelapha ngokomzimba kanye nokwelashwa komsebenzi, futhi kokubili kokubili kuyizinto eziyinhloko zokweluleka kwesifo, kodwa ukwelashwa ngokomzimba kugxile kakhulu ekuqiniseni nasekugcineni ithoni lamaqembu ezihluthulelo ezihlosiwe, kanti ukwelashwa kwemisebenzi kugxile kakhulu ekuxhumaniseni usebenzisa imisipha ngezinjongo ezithile eziqondisiwe.
Ukwelashwa Nokukhuluma
Ukukhuluma nokugwinya ngamakhono adinga ukucabanga ngesenzo ngenkathi ehlanganisa imisipha. Bobabili amakhono asebenzisa imisipha yobuso, umlomo, ulimi nomphimbo. Izinkinga zokukhuluma zivame ukulindelwa ngemva kokushaywa yisifo, kanti ukugwinya izinkinga ngokuvamile kuyimangalisa evamile kwabasindile abahlukumezekile nabathandekayo babo.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkulumo nokugwinya kuvame ukwenziwa esibhedlela, kungakapheli izinsuku emva kokushaywa yisifo. Njengoba uthola ukuphulukiswa kwesifo sakho, amakhono akho okukhuluma nokugwinya angase aqale ukuphucula eyedwa.
Inkulumo ibalulekile ekukhulumisaneni. Inkulumo idinga ukusebenzisa ulimi ukuqonda lokho abantu abakushoyo. Inkulumo idinga ukusebenzisa ulimi ukuxhumana nabanye. Ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kugxile kumazwi okuqonda kanye nokukhiqiza amagama abanye abangawaqonda ngokucacile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwelashwa kwenkulumo kuhlanganisa ama-flashcards, izithombe, futhi-ke, ukujwayela nokuphindaphinda ngokukhuluma.
Ukuhlunga kubalulekile ngezizathu eziningi. Ukudla okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila, futhi lokho akuguquki ngemva kokushaywa yisifo. Ikhono lokugxila liyadingeka ekugcineni umsoco omuhle. Noma kunjalo, ukugwinya okuhambisana kahle kubalulekile kwezinye izindaba zezempilo, ngaphezu kokudla okunomsoco. Uma ugwinya imisipha ingahambisani ngendlela efanele, ukukhipha ukudla kungenye yemiphumela eyingozi.
Ukwehla kungabangela ukutheleleka okuthiwa i- aspiration pneumonia , okuyinkinga enkulu phakathi kwabasindile besifo kunokuba abantu abaningi baqaphele. Ukukhetha ukudla kungabangela ukungabi nengozi oksijini, okungabangela ukulimala komqondo ngisho nokufa kwengqondo.
Imiphumela yokukhubazeka ukugwinya akuyona into engayinakwa. Ngenhlanhla, kunesisonke isimiso esifanele sokwelapha ukwelashwa ukuze usize abasindile besifo ukugwema lezi zinkinga ezinkulu futhi ezesabekayo zokushaywa yisifo.
Ukwelashwa Okubukwayo
Ukwelashwa okubukekayo kanye nokwelashwa okulinganisela kuvame ukuhlelwa ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa okuhlanganyelwe kwabasindile besifo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umbono uncike ekulinganiseni okuhle futhi ukulinganisela kuncike ekuboneni okuhle. Izindawo zobuchopho ezilawula lezi zinsuku ezimbili zihlukile, kodwa zithembeke komunye nomunye njengoba zihlangana. Yingakho kunengqondo ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuzivocavoca kwe-stroke kufaka amakhono okubukwa.
Ucwaningo lwamuva lwezokwelapha olubandakanya ukubambisana phakathi kwabacwaningi abavela eMemphis, eTennessee naseDenmark waphetha ukuthi amaphesenti angama-60 wabasindile besivinini ababambe iqhaza emithini yokwelashwa yombono kanye nokwelapha ibhalansi basebenzisa, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphesenti angu-23 kuphela abasindile besifo esingazange bahlanganyele ekwelapheni.
Ukwelashwa Kokuqonda
Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kuyisimo esihle esisha sokuvuselelwa kwesifo. Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kuhilela ukungenelela okuhloswe ukuthuthukisa amakhono okucabanga nokuxazulula izinkinga. Kukhona ububanzi bokukhubazeka kwengqondo ngemuva kokushaywa yisifo. Abasindile isifo sokushaywa yisisu abaphulukana nesifo esikhulu se-cortical ngokuvamile banezinkinga ezingaphezu kwengqondo kunokuthi abasindile besifo bahlaselwe isisindo esincane somoya. Iziphazamiso zomgwaqo zangakwesobunxele zibangelwa ukuhlukumeza okungafani okuhlukile kunemivimbo engakwesokudla , futhi lokhu kungathinta umgwaqo wakho ukuze uphinde ululame njengosindile isifo.
Ukwelashwa kwengqondo kuyasondela njengokusebenzisa imidlalo yevidiyo , amasu wangempela weqiniso kanye nokwelapha okuvuselelwa kwikhompyutha okwamanje kuhlolwa njengendlela yokuthuthukisa umsebenzi wokuqonda ngemva kokushaywa yisifo. Phakathi kokungenelela okuhlukahlukene kokulahlekelwa kokuzizwa kokuphazamiseka kokuthutha, uhlobo olungcono lwezokwelapha okungaqondakali alukakhiwa. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, isiphetho siwukuthi abasindile abahlukunyezwayo ababandakanyeka ekwelapheni okucutshungulwayo bathola kangcono kunabasindile be-stroke abangahlanganyeli ekwelashweni kwengqondo.
Ukwelashwa Kwemvelo Okunamandla
Izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukwelashwa kwesibuko, ukwelapha kagesi kanye nokwelashwa komculo. Abasindile bezinhlangothi ezibamba iqhaza ekucwaningeni okusetshenziselwa ucwaningo abasebenzisa izindlela zokwelashwa ezintsha nezintsha bavame ukuhlolisisa kangcono ngezinyathelo zemiphumela yesifo sohlangothi futhi ngokuvamile abahlangabezane nemiphumela emibi ebangelwa ukuvuselelwa kokuhlola. Idatha yokuqala yokulondoloza ngemva kokushaya isithembiso, kodwa ucwaningi ososayensi bahlale bebheka ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani 'umphumela we-placebo.' Umphumela we-placebo kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu owenza ukungenelela uzothuthuka ngenxa yenkolelo engaphambili yokuthi ukungenelela kuzosiza. Umphumela we-placebo ungenza ukungenelela kubonakale kunenzuzo ngisho noma ukungenelela akusizi ngalutho. Kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona i-levelbo effect effect kanye nezinga eliwusizo uma kuziwa emasu amaningi okuvuselela okwamanje okwenziwa ngaphansi kophenyo.
> Imithombo:
> Choi YH, Ku J, Lim H, Kim YH, Paik NJ. Uhlelo lokusebenza lokusekelwa ngokobuqiniso olususelwe kumdlalo weselula olwenzelwe umdlalo wezinsizakalo ezingezansi ezingezansi ngemva kokushaywa yisischemic. Buyisela i-Neurol Neurosci. 2016; 34 (3): 455-63.
> Pollock A, uBaer G, uCampbell P, et al. Izindlela zokuvuselela ngokomzimba ukuze kutholakale umsebenzi nokuhamba ngokulandela isifo. I-Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; (4): i-CD001920.
> Schow T, Harris P, Teasdale TW, uRusmussen MA. Ukuhlolwa kohlelo lokuvuselela izinyanga ezine lwabagulayo abanesihlungu ezinkinga zokulinganisela kanye nokungasebenzi kokubukeka kwebinocular. I-NeuroRabilitation. 2016; 38 (4): 331-41.