Ukukhishwa okulula okulula (ukususwa) kuyindlela ejwayelekile kakhulu esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izicubu zomdlavuza zesikhumba esiyisisekelo kanye naso sonke isikhathi. Le nqubo ihilela ukukhishwa kwesisu nokukhwabanisa isikhumba esivamile. Lesi sifunda esiseduze sabizwa ngokuthi "umkhawulo" noma "umkhawulo wokuhlinzeka."
Ukususa i-margin kwandisa ithuba lokuthi wonke amaseli omdlavuza azosuswa.
Ngemuva kokuthi lesi sifo siphundukile, sithunyelwa kumuntu ozama ukuhlola umzimba ohlola amaphethelo wokuziqhenya ukuze aqiniseke ukuthi acacile.
Amanqamu omzimba we-Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Iziphakamiso zisetshenziselwa ukwelapha izicubu zombili eziyisisekelo neziphindaphindiwe. I- basal cell carcinoma (BCC) ne- squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), ama-margin ngokuvamile afika ku-2 kuya ku-4 mm. Lokhu kubangele izinga lokuphulukisa amaphesenti angu-95 namaphesenti angu-92 we-primary BCC ne-SCC, ngokulandelana. Lezi zindleko zokuphulukisa zixhomeke kwisayithi, ubukhulu, nephethini le-tumor. Ukucabangela kungenziwa kumuntu ophulukisayo noma ukubekeka kwesifo sengqondo kuye ngesilinganiso somdlavuza.
I-BCC ne-SCC kuthiwa yi-nonmelanoma yesikhumba somdlavuza futhi yizona izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wesikhumba, nge-BCC ejwayelekile kune-SCC; cishe amaphesenti angama-75 ama-nonmelanoma yesikhumba somdlavuza yi-BCC. Naphezu kokuba yilezi zifo zomdlavuza wesikhumba, izikhumba ze-nonmelanoma zenza kuphela amaphesenti angu-0.1 okufa komdlavuza.
Amaphesenti weMilanoma Izivunguvungu
Ukuze izilonda ze- melanoma , ubukhulu bomkhawulo bukhulu kakhulu futhi kuxhomeke esigabeni sesifo:
- Isigaba 0 : umkhawulo we-0.5 cm.
- Isigaba I : 1 kuya ku-2 cm, kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu be-melanoma (ebizwa ngokuthi ubukhulu Breslow ).
- Isigaba II : Uma i-melanoma ingama-1 kuya ku-2 mm ubukhulu, umkhawulo ophakathi kuka-1 kuya ku-2 wesikhumba ojwayelekile uzosuswa futhi. Uma lesi sifo singama-2 kuya ku-4 mm ubukhulu, okungenani u-2 cm wesikhumba esijwayelekile uzosuswa kusuka kuzungeze isayithi lesisu. Uma i-tumor ingaphezu kuka-4 mm ubukhulu, i-margin ye-3 cm iyanconywa uma kwenzeka ngokusemthethweni.
- Isigaba III : 1 kuya ku-3 cm kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu be-tumor, bulandelwa yi-chemotherapy, i- immunotherapy , noma ezinye izidakamizwa ze-adjuvant.
Basal Cell Carcinomas
Ama-basal cell carcinomas, noma i-BCCs, ukukhula okungavamile noma amaseva emangqamuzaneni angaphansi kwesikhumba, avela engqimba elingaphansi kwesigcawu sangaphandle sesikhumba. I-BCCs ivame ukubonakala njengama-red patches, ama-bumps, ukukhula noma izilonda ezivulekile esikhumbeni. Kungase kubonakale njengezibazi. I-BCC ingabonakalisa, kepha ayifinyeleleki ngokuyisisekelo ngaphezu kwe-tumor, nakuba kungenzeka. Ama-BCC asolwa kufanele ahlolwe futhi aphathwe, futhi akumelwe azinakwa.
I-Squamous Cell Carcinomas
I-Squamous Cell Carcinomas, noma ama-SCC, zikhula ngokungajwayelekile emangqamuzaneni esikhumba ezinhlakeni ezisenhla kesikhumba. Ama-SCC avame ukubonakala njengezilonda ezivulekile, ama-patches abomvu, ama-warts noma ukukhula okwenziwe ukucindezeleka phakathi nendawo. Lawa angase aphuze noma ahlakule ama-scabs, futhi angabonakalisa. Nakuba ziphakathi kwegazi ezivamile zesikhumba kanye ne-akhawunti yephesenti elincane kakhulu labantu abafelwa umdlavuza, bangakwazi ukulungisa umzimba futhi akufanele banganakwa.