Ukuqedela noma Ukuhluleka Kwengxenye YePigment
Izifo ezibangelwa yi-hypopigmentary congenital, ezaziwa ngokuthi i-albinism, zibangelwa isici ekukhiqizeni i-pigment (i-melanin) esikhumbeni, amehlo nezinwele. Lokhu kungenxa yokungasebenzi kwamaseli e-melanin (producer melanocytes).
Izinhlobo ze-albinism ezenzeka kaningi ziyi-oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) izinhlobo 1, 2, no-3, ne-albinism ye-ocular. Okunye ukuphazamiseka okunama-albinism njengesifo yi-Chediak-Higashi syndrome, i-Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, ne- Waardenburg syndrome .
Ubu-Albin buhlasela bonke abesilisa nabesifazane futhi kubonakala kusukela ekuzalweni. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi u-OCA uhlobo 1 lwenzeka kumuntu ngamunye kubantu abangu-40,000, u-OCA uhlobo lwesibili luvela kumuntu oyedwa ngo-15 000, no-albinism ocacile kumuntu oyedwa kubantu abangu-50,000. Ucwaningo alukatholakali ukuthi u-OCA uhlobo lwesi-3 lwenzeka kaningi kangakanani, nakuba luye lwafakazelwa ngokofuzo kubantu base-Afrika nabase-Afrika baseMelika.
Ifa le-Albinism
Uhlobo lwe-OCA lu-1 lubangelwa isakhi se-chromosome 11 futhi lizuzwe njengefa elizimele ngokweqile, okusho ukuthi umuntu kufanele azuze izakhi zofuzo ezingenaphutha ukuze kube khona isifo. I-OCA hlobo 2 ibangelwa isakhi se-chromosome 15 futhi izuzwe ngefa njenge-autosomal traction. U-OCA uhlobo lwesi-3 lubangelwa isakhi se-chromosome 9 futhi izuzwe njengefa ngokwezinga elizenzakalelayo le-autosomal. I-albinism ye-i-albhamu ibangelwa isakhi ku-X (isifazane) i-chromosome. Ibuye isifo esibucayi , okusho ukuthi owesilisa ozuza i-chromosome eyodwa engalungile i-X izoba ne-albinism ye-ocular, kodwa owesifazane kufanele adle i-chromosomes amabili engalungile i-X ukuze abe ne-disorder.
Izimpawu ze-Albinism
Zonke izinhlobo ze-albinism zinokuntuleka kwe-pigment, kodwa inani lihluka kusuka ezinhlotsheni zokuthayipha.
- U-OCA uhlobo 1 ngokuvamile lubangele ukungabikho okuphelele kwe-pigment esikhumbeni, izinwele, namehlo, kodwa abanye abantu bangase babe nezinga elithile lokuzibopha. Uhlobo lwe-OCA luphinde lubangele ukuzwela ukukhanya (photophobia), ukunciphisa ubuciko obubonakalayo, nokuhloswa kweso lokuzibheka (nystagmus).
- U-OCA uhlobo lwesibili lubangela izinga eliphansi lokuzibopha ngesikhumba, izinwele, namehlo. Iphinde ibangele izinkinga zamehlo ezifana nohlobo lwe-OCA 1.
- I-OCA hlobo 3 kuye kwaba nzima ukukhomba ngokusekelwe ekubukeni kwedwa. Kuye kwabonakala kakhulu lapho ingane ekhanda kakhulu ebelethwe abazali abaphuzi obumnyama. I-OCA hlobo 3 ibuye ibangele izinkinga zamehlo , kodwa hhayi ezinzima njengalezo ze-OCA uhlobo 1.
- I-albinism ye-i-albhamu ithinta kuphela amehlo, okubangela ukugqithisa okuncane kakhulu kubo. Iris ivele ibonakale iguquguqukile. Ukunciphisa ama-acuity ebonakalayo, i-nystagmus, nobunzima bokulawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo kungenzeka.
Ukuthola i-Albinism
U-Albin ukhona lapho ezalwa, futhi ngokuvamile utholakala ngokususelwa ekubukeni kwezingane. Uma kunesidingo, ukuhlolwa kofuzo kungenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kodwa lokhu akukwenziwa njalo.
Ukwelapha i-Albin
Akukho ukwelashwa noma ukwelashwa kwe-albinism. Njengoba abantu abanama-albino benesikhumba esikhwameni, banesidingo sokusebenzisa i-sunshree ebanzi futhi bagqoke izingubo ezifanele uma ngaphandle ukuvimbela umonakalo obangelwa yi-ultraviolet esikhumbeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwezibuko zokukhanya kuzokwehlisa izimpawu zokuzwela kokukhanya kanye nokuvikela amehlo. I-ophthalmologist ingaphatha ezinye izimpawu zamehlo noma zombono.
Abantu abane-albinism kufanele babone isidumbu sezinambuzane njalo ukuba sihlolwe umdlavuza wesikhumba. I-albinism ayishintshi isikhathi sokuphila noma sineminye imiphumela embi yempilo.
> Umthombo:
I-Boissy, RE (2003). I-albinism. iMedicine, ifinyelelwe ku-http: // www. emedicine.com/derm/topic12.htm