Ukuqonda i-Broca's, i-Wernicke ne-Global Aphasia
I-Aphasia ingukulimaza kolwimi okwenzeka lapho umuntu ehlupheka ngokulimala ezindaweni zolimi zobuchopho . Izindawo zolimi zobuchopho zihlala ezindaweni ze-lobe yangaphambili, i-lobe yesikhashana, kanye ne-parietal lobe.
Umsebenzi wolimi ukhona endaweni eyodwa (isigamu) sobuchopho, okuthiwa i-hemisphere ephezulu. Ngokuvamile, i-hemisphere ephakeme kakhulu yobuchopho iseceleni ehlangene nesandla esiphezulu.
I-Aphasia ingenzeka ngenxa yokulimala ebuchosheni, njenge-stroke, ukulimala kobuchopho, ukulimala kwengqondo, noma ukutheleleka kobuchopho. Ngenxa yendlela indlela imithwalo yegazi ehlelwe ngayo ebuchosheni, imbangela evamile kakhulu ye-aphasia isifo esibuhlungu.
Kuyini i-Aphasia?
I-Aphasia ingathinta ulimi ngezindlela eziningi ngoba kunezifunda eziningana zobuchopho ezilawula ulimi. Uma esinye sezifunda zolwimi lilimazekile, kodwa ezinye izifunda zolimi zihlala ziphilile, umsebenzi othile wolimi ungathinteka, kanti ezinye izilimi zingase zihlale zingasebenzi. Isibonelo, abantu abane-aphasia bangase babe nobunzima bokukhiqiza amagama, bangaba nobunzima bokuqonda ulimi, noma bangase bakhathazeke ngokufunda noma ukubhala. Amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-20 kubo bonke abantu ababhekana nesifo sokushaya isifo bakhula uhlobo oluthile lwe-aphasia.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-aphasia syndromes eziqashelwa kahle ezibonakala ngamaphethini athile okukhuluma kanye nolwimi oluhambelana nezindawo zobuchopho obonakaliswe yisifo sohlangothi.
Izinhlobo ezintathu ezijwayelekile kakhulu ze-aphasia yizi:
- Broca's aphasia
- I-Wernicke's aphasia
- I-aphasia ye-Global
I-Broca's Aphasia / Motor Aphasia
Leli fomu le-aphasia ligama ngemuva komuntu othole indawo yobuchopho obangela ukukhulumisana. I-Broca's aphasia ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi "motor aphasia" ukugcizelela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kolwimi olukhubazekile, njengokukhuluma, kuyilapho ezinye izici zolimi zigcinwa kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokushaywa yingozi, ukulimala endaweni kaBraca kubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwegazi emithanjeni yegazi enikeza indawo kaBraca, ekhoneni lobuchopho obuseduze . Ngokuvamile, i-Broca's aphasia ivimbela umuntu ukuba enze amagama aqondakalayo noma imisho kodwa akanamthelela omncane noma awunamthelela ekuzweni abanye uma bekhuluma.
Uma une-Broca's aphasia, ungase uzizwe ucasuke ngenxa yokungakwazi kwakho ukuguqula imicabango yakho ngamazwi. Abanye abasindile isifo sohlangothi abanama-aphasia bangasho amagama ambalwa aphumayo nenhlobo yokukhuluma eyaziwa ngokuthi inkulumo ye-telegraphic.
Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye zegazi ezithintekayo ku-Broca's aphasia nazo zinikeza igazi ezindaweni ezibuchopho ezilawula ukuhamba komunye uhlangothi lomzimba (ngokuvamile ohlangothini olufanele), i-Broca's aphasia ivame ukuhambisana nezinye izinto ezikhubazayo, kuhlanganise ne-hemiparesis, noma i-hemiplegia ngakwesokudla komzimba, i-alexia, ne-agraphia.
Aphasia kaWernicke
I-Wernicke's aphasia ibizwa ngokuthi umuntu othole izindawo zobuchopho obangela ukuqondisisa ulimi oluse-lobe lwesikhashana. Abantu abane-aphasia ka-Wernicke abakwazi ukuqonda abanye, noma ngisho nabo, lapho bekhuluma.
Nokho, inkulumo ka-Wernicke's aphasia ayinakuqondakala, njengoba abasindile besifo sohlangothi be-Wernicke's aphasia bakha imisho ngamagama ahlelwe yilokho okuzwakalayo njengendlela yokungahleliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ungase uzwe okuthiwa i-Wernicke's aphasic ithi: "Umnyango wami uhlezi esihlalweni esibhakabhakeni." Lolu hlobo lwephethini lolimi ngezinye izikhathi lubizwa ngokuthi i-logorrhea.
Noma kunjalo, lapho abantu abanama-aphasia ekhuluma ngo-Wernicke, bazizwa sengathi kufanele baqondwe. Lokhu kubangelwa ukungabi nokuqwashisa kokukhubazeka kolimi olujulile, (i- anosognosia ). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-aphasics kaWernicke angase afunde ukuthi abanye abakwazi ukuwaqonda lapho bekhuluma, ngakho-ke bangase bathukuthele, bahlasele futhi bacindezeleke .
I-Wernicke's aphasia ingenye yemiphumela eyinselele kakhulu ngokomzwelo ngemva kokushaywa yisifo.
I-Global Aphasia
Lolu uhlobo lwe-aphasia oluphumela lapho umonakalo ebuchosheni bubanzi ngokwanele ukubandakanya kokubili izindawo zolimi lukaBrca sikaWernicke. Abasindile abanama-aphasia emhlabeni wonke abakwazi ukuqonda ulimi olukhulunywe noma ukukhuluma. Kwezinye izimo, abantu abane-aphasias yomhlaba bangakwazi ukuxhumana ngokusebenzisa ulimi olubhalwe phansi.
Izwi elivela
I-Aphasia ingenye yemiphumela yokushaywa komzimba nokunye ukulimala kwengqondo, njengokulimala kobuchopho, nokulimala kwengqondo (encephalitis) . Akulula ukuhlala ne-aphasia. Kubalulekile ukuba uhlanganyele ekwelapheni, kuhlanganise nokwelashwa kwamazwi njengoba usuphuluka kusuka ku-stroke yakho.
Abasindile besisu nabathandekayo bayazuza ekuqondeni izici ezicashile ze-aphasia, ezingasiza ukukhulisa ukukhulumisana nokwenza kube lula ukulula.
> Umthombo:
> Ukuvuselelwa kwezimoto ezigulini ezilandela ukulimala ezine-aphasia: indima yamakhono ahlukene elimi, iGinex V, Veronelli L, Vanacore N, Lacorte E, Monti A, Corbo M, High Stroke Rehabil. 2017 Mar 21: 1-7