Ubuchopho bunama-lobes amane ohlangothini ngalunye. Ziyi-lobe yangaphambili, i -lobe yesikhashana , i -lobe ye-parietal kanye ne- loip occitalital . Lezi zifunda zenza imisebenzi ethile kanye nanoma yikuphi ukugula okulimaza indawo yobuchopho kubangele ukukhubazeka kwemisebenzi eyenziwa yilolo sifunda sobuchopho.
Imisebenzi ye-Frontal Lobe
I-lobe yangaphambili i-lobe enkulu kakhulu ebuchosheni, isuka ngaphambi kobuchopho cishe ingxenye engama-50 ukuya emhlane.
Kungenxa yemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yemvelo nokucabanga (ekucabangeni).
Omunye wemisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu ye-lobe yangaphambili ihlanganisa ukwenza izinqumo, ukuzithiba, ukunakwa, ukulawulwa ngokomzwelo, ukucabanga okuphezulu kanye nokuxazulula izinkinga.
Kukhona umehluko phakathi kwe-lobes engakwesokudla nangakwesobunxele. Ingemuva ye-lobe yangaphambili yisifunda esibizwa ngokuthi umgodi wezimoto, olawula futhi uqondise ukunyakaza komzimba okuzithandela (okunenhloso). Umshini wesandla wesobunxele ulawula ukunyakaza kwesokudla komzimba, kanti ukulawula ukuhamba kwezimoto ukuhamba kwesokunxele somzimba.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunemisebenzi eminingi elawulwa yi-lobe yangakwesokunxele noma i-lobe yangaphambili efanele. I-lobe yangasese yangakwesokunxele ihilelekile ekulimeni, ukucabanga okunengqondo nokuqondakalayo, isayensi nezibalo kanye nokukwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga. I-lobe yangaphambili efanele ibandakanyeka ngobuciko, ukucabanga, intuition, ilukuluku, umculo nomculo wezobuciko.
Ukulimala kwe- lobe yangaphambili kungaphazamisa isikhathi, ukugqugquzela, ikhono lomhlangano. kanye nokwahlulela. Iziguli ezinomonakalo wangaphambili we-lobe zingase zibonise ukuziphatha okungenangqondo noma okuyingozi.
Izimbangela
Ukulimala kwe-lobe yangaphambili kuvame ukubangelwa ukushaywa kanye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ischemic okudlulayo (TIAs), eyaziwa nangokuthi ama-mini-strokes.
Lokhu kwenzeka uma igazi ligeleza ngeyodwa yemithambo yegazi ehlinzeka igazi endaweni yelobe yangaphambili iphazanyiswa noma iphuma.
Ezinye izimbangela zokulimala noma ukulimala kwi-lobe yangaphambili zingabandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:
- I-dementia ye-Vascular - uhlobo lomqondo owohloka komqondo obangelwa umphumela wokubamba kwezinhlangothi ezimbalwa ezincane
- Isifo sikaHuntington
- I-cerebral palsy
- Isifo sikaParkinson
- Isifo se-Alzheimer's - uhlobo lokuwohloka komqondo okubangelwa ukuwohloka kwama-neurons
- Isibungu
- Ukuhlaselwa kwe-Ischemic esheshayo (TIAs)
- Isisu senhliziyo
- Izifo
- Ukulimala kwengqondo ebuhlungu
Izimpawu
Izimpawu zokulimala kwe-lobe yangaphambili zingahluka ngoba kunemisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa yi-lobes yangaphambili. Lezi zimpawu zingabandakanya eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kokulandelayo:
- Ubuthakathaka ohlangothini olulodwa lomzimba noma ohlangothini olulodwa lobuso
- Ukuwa
- Ukungakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga
- Ubuhlakani obuncitshiwe
- Isahlulelo esingafaneleki
- Umqondo wehlisa ukunambitheka noma iphunga
- Ukucindezeleka
- Izinguquko ekuziphatheni
- Isikhathi esincane sokunakekelwa, esiphazamiseka kalula
- Intshisekelo yocansi eyancipha noma imikhuba yobulili ekhethekile
Ukulimala kwe-lobes yangaphambili neyesikhashana kubangele izinhlobo ze-dementia nezinkinga ze-frontotemporal. Njengoba ama-neurons e-frontal and temporal lobes ewonakele, amangqamuzana ebuchopho abe atrophied (shrink.) Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umonakalo ubangela ubunzima ekucabangeni, ukulawula imizwelo , ukungakwazi ukuhlela, ukukhathazeka ukuxhumana nokuziphatha okungavamile.
Ukuxilongwa
Uma ukushaywa komzimba kubangela ukulimala kwangaphambili kwe-lobe, ngokuvamile i- Brain CT noma i-Brain MRI yilona uvivinyo olungcono kakhulu lokuthola ukushaywa komzimba okuyi-frontal lobe.
Kodwa-ke, uma kunesinye isizathu, njengengqondo ye-dementia noma ingxabano , ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging yobuchopho kungase kungabonakali umonakalo wangaphambili we-lobe. Ukuze uhlole umonakalo we-lobe yangaphambili, ungase udinge ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwe-neuropsychological. Ukuhlolwa kuzobandakanya inkulumo, amakhono emoto, ukuziphatha komphakathi, ukuzithengisa, ukulawula ukucindezela, inkumbulo, ukuxazulula izinkinga, kanye nolimi.
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa nokuvuselelwa komonakalo wangaphambili we-lobe kungakusiza ukufezekisa ukusebenza komsebenzi.
Ukuvuselelwa kuzobandakanya ukuqinisa amakhono akhona nokukhokhela amakhono alahlekile. Ukugxila kungase kubekwe ekulawuleni imizwelo nasekunciphiseni ukuziphatha okuphazamisayo.
AmaHemispheres of the Brain
Ubuchopho buqukethe ama-hemispheres amabili, ngakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla. Noma kunjalo, i-lobe yangaphambili ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-hemisphere, engase idideke.
Leli gama elididekayo livela ekutheni ubuchopho bokuqala bukhula njengama-hemispheres amathathu, noma izingxenye, ngaphambi kokuzalwa: i-forebrain, midbrain kanye ne-hindbrain. Ngayinye yalezi zigaba ezithuthukayo inemisebenzi ethile.
Umsebenzi we-hindbrain ukulawula ukuphefumula nenhliziyo. I-middlebrain, engxenyeni engenhla yobuchopho isuka, ilawula izenzo ezixilisayo ezifana nokunyakaza kwamehlo nokunye ukunyakaza okuzithandela. I-forebrain, ingxenye enkulu kunawo wonke futhi ethuthukisiwe kakhulu ebuchosheni, ilawula imicabango engokomzwelo kanye nezimpendulo, ukunyakaza okungazibandakanyi, amaphethini okulala, inkumbulo kanye nokukwazi ukuhleleka. I-forebrain ihlukaniswe ngokuphindwe kabili ngamacitha amabili, noma ama-hemispheres, atholakala ngqo ebunzini.
Izwi elivela
Noma yiluphi uhlobo lokulimala kwengqondo lungabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wena noma othandekayo uye wabhekana nokulimala kwe-lobe yangaphambili, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi abantu bangathola isimo sokuthola okuthile, kuye ngokuthi imbangela yomonakalo.
Izifo ezinjengokugula komqondo nokugula kukaParkinson zivame ukwedlula isikhathi, futhi imithi ingasiza ukuphuthuma ukuqhubeka, kodwa ayikwazi ukuguqula lesi sifo.
Ezinye izimbangela zomonakalo wangaphambili we-lobe, njenge-stroke, ukuncintisana, nokutheleleka, kufanele zizinze futhi zingathuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
> Imithombo:
> I-Neural Correlates Yokunganakwa: I-Frontal-Prefrontal ne-Parietal Cortical- Imijikelezo Engaphansi, i-Moretti R, I-Signori R, I-Neurosci Yokuguga Kwangaphambili. 2016 Dec 9; 8: 289