Izinkinga ezahlukene ze-HPV Izinkinga Izimpawu Ezihlukile
I- papillomavirus yomuntu (i-HPV) isihloko esithandwayo kumaphephandaba kusukela ku-FDA imvume yeGadasil, imithi yokuqala ye-HPV emithathu. Kungenzeka ukuthi wezwa ukuthi i-HPV ivame kakhulu futhi ingase ibe nokukhathazeka ngokuthi ngabe ungenwe yini igciwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ungase uzizwe ukukhathazeka ukuzwa ukuthi igciwane lingabangela kokubili umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kanye nezimpi zomzimba.
Zikhona izimpawu noma izimpawu okufanele uzibuke? Iningi lokudideka likhona ekuqondeni izinkinga ezahlukene ze-HPV. Ake sicacise okunye ukudideka futhi ubuyekeze lokho esikuziyo ngaleli gciwane ukuze ube ngummeli onamandla okunakekelwa kwezempilo.
Izinsalela ezihlukene ze-Papillomavirus yabantu (i-HPV)
Kucatshangwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-100 zegciwane le-HPV. Amaphesenti angama-30 alawa magciwane ayaziwa ukuthi angathinta ubulili besilisa nabesifazane kodwa benze ngezindlela ezahlukene. Akuwona wonke amagciwane ahlobene nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho. Izinkinga ze-HPV ezithinta abantu ziye zahlukana zibe yizigaba ezimbili ngokusekelwe ukuthi zibhekwa njengengozi enkulu noma ingozi ephansi.
- Izinkinga Eziphansi-Izingozi: Izinhlanzi ezibekwa ngokuthi "ingozi encane" zihlotshaniswa nezimpi zomzimba zesisu nokukhubazeka komlomo wesibeletho okwezinye izikhathi okutholakala kuma-Pap smears. Izinkinga ezingekho ngaphansi kocansi azibangeli umdlavuza wesibeletho futhi zibhekwa ngokuthi "izinkinga ezingekho kwe-oncogenic." I-HPV 6 ne-HPV 11 zinezinkinga eziphansi kakhulu futhi zinezinkinga ezingamaphesenti angama-90 ama-warts omzimba. Izinkinga ezibangelwa izidakamizwa zobulili kanye nalabo abangela umdlavuza wesibeletho zihlukile. Ngamanye amazwi, uma uye waba nezimpi zomzimba ongadingeki ukhathazeke ngokuthi igciwane elifanayo lizokwenza umdlavuza wesibeletho.
- Izinkinga eziphakeme kakhulu: Izinsalela ze-HPV ezibizwa ngokuthi "ingozi ephezulu" zihlotshaniswa nokukhubazeka komlomo wesibeletho esibi futhi esibi kakhulu esitholakala ku-Pap smear futhi yizinkinga ezingaholela emdlalweni wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho. Ngamanye amazwi, lezi yizona "izinkinga ze-oncogenic" ze-HPV. Izinkinga eziye zahlotshaniswa nomdlavuza zihlanganisa i-HPV 16 no-18 (okubangela amaphesenti angu-70 emdlavuza wesibeletho) kanye ne-HPV 31, 33, 35, 45, 52, 58, no-59. Iningi lesikhathi, igciwane likhona isikhathi eside kanye nezinguquko zomlomo wesibeletho zisuka ku-dysplasia omnene kuya ku-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho futhi ekugcineni umdlavuza. Lokho kusho ukuthi umdlavuza wesibeletho ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka esikhathini esifushane emva kokuthola igciwane. Ngokuvamile, izinkinga eziphezulu ezingabangela ingozi zingabangela ama-warts angama-genital atypical angaba nezinguquko ezingenakwenzeka futhi ezinomdlavuza ngaphakathi kwazo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-HPV ayikwazi ukuhola umdlavuza wesibeletho kuphela kodwa ifakwe umdlavuza we-penile , umdlavuza wesibeletho , umdlavuza wekhanda nentamo (obhekene nesinye sezimo ezimbili), futhi, mhlawumbe nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Ukuziphatha ngendlela engozini yokuziphatha ngokocansi kwandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola izinkinga ze-HPV eziphezulu futhi eziphansi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ungenwe igciwane le-HPV engaphezu kweyodwa , futhi izici eziyingozi ezibeka umuntu ithuba lokuthola uhlobo olulodwa (noma ukuthuthukisa noma yisiphi isifo esithathelwana ngocansi) kungaholela ekutheleleni ngezinye izinkinga.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kubantu abaningi, kokubili ukutheleleka kwe-HPV ephakeme kanye nephansi kakhulu kuvele ngaphandle kokungenelela kwezokwelapha. Asazi ukuthi kungani i-HPV iqhubeka kwabanye abantu esikhundleni sabanye. Siyazi ukuthi izici ezinobungozi ezifana nesistimu yokuvikela igciwane kanye nokubhema kungenza lokhu kube lula.
Izimpawu ze-HPV
Ukubheka izimpawu ze-HPV kubalulekile ukuphululela lezi zingqinamba ezihlobene nezinkinga ezibangelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kanye nezinkinga zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho. Esikhathini esiningi umuntu ngeke abe nezimpawu uma enesifo samagciwane.
Izimpawu ze-warts eziphathelene nokuzala ngokobulili: Izinkinga ze-HPV ezaziwa ukuthi zibangele izidakamizwa zobulili emdlalweni wesilisa nabesifazane kungenzeka noma zingabangeli ekwakheni i-warts. Uma benza, ukukhula okufana ne-cauliflower (kokubili okukhulu kakhulu futhi kuncane kakhulu) kungabonakala ngaphakathi nasezindaweni ezizungeze izitho zangasese nezendawo ezungezile.
Ukuvela kwe-warts kungenzeka ngokushesha, noma esikhundleni seminyaka eminingi ngemva kokuthola igciwane, ngakho-ke ukubonakala kwe-warts akuyona indlela enhle yokuthola ukuthi unesifo noma cha.
Izimpawu ze-HPV ezihlobene nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho: Ekuqaleni, izinkinga ezibangelwa umdlavuza ze-HPV azivami ukuveza izimpawu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukulandela imihlahlandlela yeP Pap smears evamile. I-Pap smears ingasetshenziswa kaningi (kodwa hhayi njalo) ukubona izinguquko ezingavamile zentsholongwane ezibangelwa i-HPV eside ngaphambi kokuba ziphenduke umdlavuza. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho zihlanganisa ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile (ukuphuma kwegazi phakathi kwezinkathi, emva kokulala, noma emva kokuya esikhathini sokuya esikhathini), ubuhlungu be-pelvic, nokukhishwa kwamagciwane.
Njengoba kunezimo eziningi ezingabangela lezi zimpawu-eziningi zazo ezivame kakhulu kunomdlavuza wesibeletho-akuyona indlela elula yokubuka izimpawu. I-Pap smears njalo futhi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo ukuthi uyisihluthulelo sokuthola izinguquko ekuqaleni.
Ukuthola i-HPV yabesifazane
Kulabo besifazane, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-pelvic ne- Pap smear kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthola ukutheleleka kwe-HPV. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwe-pelvic, udokotela wakho angase ahlole ubulili bakho ngezibonakaliso zemigqa yesisu. Uma kutholakala izimpi zobulili, uzoxoxa ngezinketho zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo. Uma unesifo sokuzala, sicela uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi uhlobo lwe-HPV olubangela i-warts (ngaphandle kwezingxabano ze-atypical) akuyona inkinga engabangela umdlavuza wesibeletho. I-Pap smear ejwayelekile ivame ukubona ukuthi ukutheleleka kakhulu kwe-HPV kungabangela umdlavuza wesibeletho.
Kuye ngeminyaka yakho, ukuhlolwa kwe- HPV okuvamile kungenziwa futhi. Imikhombandlela yamanje ithi abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30 kufanele banikezwe ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV njalo kanye ne-Pap smear yabo. Akubona bonke odokotela okwenza lokhu njalo, kodwa, futhi kungadingeka ucele ukuthi uvivinywe. Kulaba besifazane abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kunganconywa uma i-Pap smear yakho engavamile. Njengabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-30, kubalulekile ukuba ngummeli wakho futhi ucele ukuhlolwa uma uzizwa kuyadingeka. Odokotela bahlukahluka ezindleleni zabo kule nkinga.
Ukuthola i-HPV kuMadoda
Ngeshwa amadoda, ayikho ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okunganquma ukuthi unesifo se-HPV. Udokotela angakwazi ukuhlola ngokusobala izitho zangasese zokuba khona kwezidakamizwa zesilisa zomzimba , kepha futhi, ama-warts awabangelwa yizinkinga ezifanayo ezibangelwa umdlavuza wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho, umdlavuza we-penile, nokuningi. Akuvamile ukuthi amadoda abe nezibonakaliso nhlobo uma enesifo somdlavuza we-HPV. Lesi sizathu esisodwa, kulabo abathandana nabo, ukuba baqaphele ngisho noma umlingani ongase abe khona ube nokuhlolwa okubi kwezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Asinayo indlela enhle yokuhlola ukuba khona kwe-HPV kumadoda okwamanje.
I-HPV I-Vaccines ne-Strains They Cover
Ngo-2018 kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokugoma ezikhona ze-HPV. Lezi zihluka ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile ze-HPV ezimbozayo. Abanye abantu banezintandokazi zomuthi owodwa kunomunye, kepha izinkampani zomshuwalense wezempilo ngokuvamile zihlinzeka ngokufakaza kuphela eyodwa noma ezimbili zazo. Imishanguzo yamanje ihlanganisa:
- I-Gardasil. I-Gardasil yamukelwa ngo-2006 njengomgomo wokuqala we-HPV. Kusebenza ngokumelene ne-HPV 6, 11, 16, no-18. Njengoba inhlanganisela ye-HPV 16 no-18 ibhekene namaphesenti angu-70 emdlavuza wesibeletho, umgomo kufanele uvikele ngamaphesenti angu-70 emdlavuza wesibeletho. I-HPV 6 ne-HPV 11 ibangela amaphesenti angama-90 ama-warts omzimba, ngakho-ke umgomo kufanele uvimbele amaphesenti angama-90 e-warts enjalo.
- I-Cervarix : I-Cervarix yamukelwa ngonyaka ka-2009 futhi ivikela nge-HPV 16 ne-HPV 18. NjengaseGadiisil, kusukela ku-HPV 16 no-18 kucatshangwa ukuthi kubangele amaphesenti angama-70 emdlavuza wesibeletho, umgomo kumele uvimbele amaphesenti angama-70 alawa kansela. Izinkinga ze-HPV ezibhekene nempi eminingi yama-genital azikho kule mithi yokugoma, ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi inikeze isivikelo esincane kuma-warts omzimba.
- I-Gardasil 9: Yavunyelwe ngo-2014, i-Gardisil 9 inikezela ngokuqhubekayo, kanti ibhekwa njengokusebenza ngokumelene ne-HPV 6, 11, 16, 31, 33, 45, 52, kanye no-58. Njengenye imithi, i-Gardasil 9 kufanele ivimbele okungenani amaphesenti angu-70 amakhemikhali omlomo wesibeletho kodwa cishe avikela okungaphezulu ngenxa yokuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa emithonjeni ye-oncogenic 31, 33, 45, 52, no-58. Kufanele futhi ivikeleke ekumelaneni ne-wart yama-genital amaningi ebangela izinkinga.
Ukwelashwa kwe-HPV
Ukwelashwa kwe-HPV kuzoxhomeka ezimpawu kanye nezinkinga zegciwane. Kukhona izinketho eziningi zokwelashwa ngezigulane zangasese. Ngokuqondene nokwelashwa kwezinkinga ezibangelwa umdlavuza we-HPV, ukwelashwa okuqondile kuzoxhomeke ekungajwayelekile okutholakala ku-Pap smear .
Ngesikhathi nje ngomoya ophansi futhi engacabangi ukuthi ngenxa ye-HPV, i-Pap smear ingahle iphinde iphindwe. Uma kukhona ukukhathazeka okuthile, i- colposcopy inconywa. Phakathi ne-colposcopy, i- biopsy yomlomo wesibeletho ingenziwa ukuze ubuke amaseli okukhathazayo. Ezinye izinqubo, njenge- conop biopsy zingacatshangwa uma kukhona okungavamile okungajwayelekile. Uma amangqamuzana omdlavuza atholakele, izinketho zokwelapha zivela ezikhethweni zokwelapha zendawo ukuze wenze i-hysterectomy.
Nakuba imishanguzo yokulwa negciwane iyatholakala kwezinye izimo ezinomsoco ezifana nesifo sofuba, inkukhu, ne-HIV, okwamanje asikhambi imithi elwa namagciwane ejwayele ukuphathwa nge-HPV. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umgomo wokwelashwa ukuqapha abantu ngezinkinga zegciwane ezifana nokukhubazeka komlomo wesibeletho, umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kanye nemigqomo yesisu, futhi ubaphathe uma kufanele kwenzeke.
Ngezansi Ezibuhlungu Nezibonakaliso ze-HPV
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-HPV futhi lokhu kuyimbangela yokudideka okukhulu. Abezindaba batshela abantu ukuthi cishe wonke umuntu usulelekile, kodwa hhayi konke, noma ngisho nokuningi, ukutheleleka kubangelwa izimpawu zomtholampilo. Ezinye izinkinga zingabangela izimpungushe zobulili, okuyizinhlobo eziningi zokwelapha ezitholakalayo. Okukhathazeka okukhulu ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zingabangela umdlavuza wesibeletho. Ukuthola ama-pap smears avamile kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela njengoba izifo ze-HPV eziholela emdlalweni ngokuvamile azibangele izimpawu ezingabangela ukutholakala kokuqala. Kunalokho, i-Pap smears nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV kungaqondisa abantu ukuba baqhubeke nezinqubo ezifana ne-colposcopy ukuchaza inkinga. Ngesikhathi samanje, asinayo imithi ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukuqeda igciwane le-HPV, nakuba sinokugoma okukhona okuvimbela eziningi zalezi zifo, ngakho-ke, izinkinga ezibangela.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV). I-Genital HPV Information-Fact Sheet Sheet. Kubuyekezwe 11/16/17. https://www.cdc.gov/std/hpv/stdfact-hpv.htm
> McNamara, M., Batur, P., Walsh, J., noK. Johnson. Ukuvuselelwa kwe-HPV: Ukugonywa, Ukuhlolwa, Nezifo Ezihlangene. I-Journal of General Medicine Internal . 2016. 31 (11): 1360-1366.