Izimpawu Zokuqala Nezikhathi Zomdlavuza Webelevuza
Izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ziyahlukahluka kusukela kwabesifazane kuya kubafazi, nakuba zivame ukuba nezimpawu ezimbalwa ezigabeni zokuqala zesifo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abesifazane bathole ama-Pap smears avamile, njengoba izigaba zokuqala zomdlavuza ezingaphambilini futhi eziphathekayo zivame ukubonakala kuphela ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Yiziphi izimpawu okufanele owesifazane ngamunye azi, futhi yini kamuva izimpawu zingabonisa ukuqhubeka noma ukuphindaphinda?
Kubalulekile Ukuqaphela Izimpawu Zomdlavuza Wesibeletho
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ngokushesha ukuthi zonke izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho zingabonakalisa ezinye izimo-nokuthi lezi ezinye izimo ziyimbangela evamile yalezi zimpawu. Noma kunjalo, njengoba izinga lokusinda lomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kungcono ngaphambili ukuthi kutholakala ukuthi, kungcono ukuthi ube ohlangothini oluqaphile bese ukhuluma nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nanoma iyiphi yalezi zimpawu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho nge-Pap smears akuwona amaphesenti angu-100 aphumelelayo ekutholeni umdlavuza wesibeletho. Uma unesinye salezi zimpawu, khuluma nodokotela wakho noma ngabe imiphumela yakho yePap smear ivamile.
Sifinyelele isikhathi eside ekuvimbeleni nasekuvimbeleni umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kanti izinga lokufa lesi sifo lihle ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-50 kusukela ngo-1980. Ngezinye izikhathi kulula ukukhohlwa ukuthi umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ube yisizathu esiyinhloko sokufa komdlavuza wabesifazane e-United States.
Asikho okwamanje, kodwa, ngo-2018 kulinganiselwa ukuthi abesifazane abangu-13.240 bayotholakala, futhi ngaphezu kuka-4,170 bazofa ngesifo.
I-Anatomy yeCervical Cancer kanye nobudlelwane nezibonakaliso
Ekucabangeni izimpawu zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kuyasiza ukubukeza ngqo lapho umlomo wesibeletho ukhona khona. Umlomo wesibeletho-obizwa nangokuthi umbeletho wesibeletho-yiyona ingxenye ephansi kakhulu yesibindi lapho ihlangene khona.
Lesi sigaba se-pelvis sisekhaya nesinye nesinye sekhaloni, futhi izimpawu zesifo kunoma iyiphi yalezi zitho zingakwazi ukuhlangana nabanye.
Izimpawu Nezifo Zomdlavuza Wesibeletho Esasanda Kuqala
Iningi lesikhathi, izinguquko ezingavamile emgodini wesibeletho zithuthuka eminyakeni eminingana, nakuba umdlavuza usuqalile isikhathi esifushane, ngisho nangaphansi konyaka owodwa. Njengoba amangqamuzana omlomo wesibeletho ehamba nochungechunge lwezinguquko ekubeni amangqamuzana omdlavuza, kungenzeka ukuhlola izimpendulo zakuqala ezibonisa ukuthi umdlavuza ungathuthuka. Phakathi nalesi sigaba somdlavuza esingaqaphelanga futhi sokuqala ngokuvamile kuvalwa uma kukhona izimpawu.
Amaseli Aqala Ukuqapha NeCarcinoma Ngenkathi
Izwi elisichaza amangqamuzana angenalutho lidideka kakhulu. Khumbula ukuthi iningi lalezi "amangqamuzana anqandekile" ngakho angabi ngamaseli omdlavuza . Amaseli angajwayelekile angatholakala ku-Pap smear abizwa ngokuthi i- dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho . Lezi zinguquko zinikezwa "ibanga" le-I kuya ku-III kuye ngokuthi amaselula angavamile kanjani. Njengoba ama-Pap smears abonisa ukusabalalisa kwamaseli aqoqwe ekuqotheni komlomo wesibeletho, lawa maseli kunzima ukuhlola kunamaseli aboniswa ndawonye njenge-biopsy. (Uma udidekile mayelana nemigomo efana ne-ASCUS, i-LGSIL, i-HGSIL, ne-AGC, funda kabanzi mayelana nesigama se-Pap smear ).
Amaseli angavamile athola ngesikhathi se-colposcopy ne-biopsy abizwa ngokuthi i- neoplasia yomlomo wesibeletho (Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) . (Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwahlukana phakathi kwamaseli avamile namaseli omdlavuza .)
Isigaba sokuqala somdlavuza wesibeletho yisigaba sesi-0 noma i- carcinoma in situ . Kulezi zicubu, amangqamuzana akakaze asakaze ngaphesheya kwesifunda esibizwa ngokuthi i-membrane esezansi futhi kubhekwa njengento engavamile. Lapho umdlavuza usakaze ngaphesheya kwalesi sithomba sephansi-lapho sesiteji sokuya esiteji IV-kubhekwa njengomdlavuza onamandla.
Izimpawu Eziningi Ezivamile Nezibonakaliso Zomdlavuza Wesibeletho
Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho awuvame ukwenza izibonakaliso kuze kube yilapho isifo sikhona.
Leli gama elihlaselayo alisho ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze noma ngisho nokuthi uye wahlasela izicubu eziseduzane, kusho ukuthi umdlavuza ungene egumbini elingaphansi. Ngisho nesigaba somdlavuza womdlavuza wesibeletho kubhekwa njengokungahambi ngale ncazelo. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ukuphuma kwegazi, ubuhlungu, nokukhishwa (bheka ngezansi.)
Ukwehla okungajwayelekile okungokwemvelo kwama-vaginal (Ukuvinjelwa kwezibeletho ezingasebenzi)
Ukuphuma kwamagciwane okungavamile kuyisifo esivame kakhulu sokuqala somdlavuza wesibeletho. Lokhu kwegazi kungathatha amafomu amaningi kufaka:
- Ukuphuma kwamagciwane okungavamile . Ukweqa phakathi kwezinsuku zokuya esikhathini kuyisibonakaliso sokuqala somdlavuza wesibeletho, futhi kungenzeka noma kuphi emjikelezweni. Ukukhipha isisu emva kokuya esikhathini kuyakhathazeka, ucabangela ukuthi isigamu sabesifazane sakha umdlavuza wesibeletho phakathi kweminyaka yobudala, kanti amaphesenti angu-15 alawo khansa atholakala ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65. Ukuphuma kwe-Postmenopausal kufanele kuhlolwe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
- Ukuqhaqhazela emva kokulala (ukuphuma kwe-post-coital). Ukukhipha isisu emva kokulala-ngisho noma imali encane-kufanele ihlolwe. Ukuphuma kwe-post-coital cishe kuhlobene nesinye isimo, njengokutheleleka, kodwa kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi uhambele udokotela wakho, ngisho noma ukuphuma kwegazi kukhanya.
- Ukweqa ngokweqile kokuphuma esikhathini . Izikhathi ezinzima kunazo zonke ezivamile noma ezide kunokuba evamile ngoba kufanele udluliselwe kudokotela wakho. Khumbula ukuthi wonke owesifazane uhlukile. Isibonelo, izinkathi ezinsukwini ezingu-5 zokugcina zingase zikhathazeke ngomuntu ohlala isikhathi sakhe ezinsukwini ezimbili noma kumuntu ohlala isikhathi eside izinsuku ezingu-9.
Lokhu kuphuma kwamanzi ngezinye izikhathi kukhanya kahle futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungasuswa kalula. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukhuluma nodokotela wakho uma ubona ngisho nendawo encane yegazi ngesikhathi ongenawo isikhathi sakho.
Ubuhlungu be-pelvic
Ubuhlungu be-pelvic kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesibeletho kodwa kunezinye izimbangela eziningi. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ubuhlungu be-pelvic bungaba yisifo sokuqala somdlavuza we-ovarian ; umdlavuza olula kakhulu ukwelapha ezinkathini zokuqala zesifo futhi uhlanganiswe "umbulali othulile" ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimpawu ekuqaleni. Kodwa izimbangela eziningi zokuhlunguphaza kwe-pelvic, ziyizimo ezinobungozi, njengezinhlanzi ezihlobene nokuya esikhathini. Ubuhlungu be-pelvic bungaba njalo noma buphakathi, obukhali noma obunzima futhi bubuhlungu, futhi bendawo noma basakazeka kuwo wonke esiswini sakho nangemuva.
Ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokulala , okubizwa ngokuthi i-dyspareunia nakho kungaba uphawu lomdlavuza wesibeletho. Ukukhathazeka ngesikhathi sokuziphatha okuqhubekayo kufanele kuhlolwe ngaso sonke isikhathi, kokubili izimo ezingokomzimba ezingaba nomthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nomthelela ongokomzwelo okungenzeka ube nawo.
Ukukhishwa kwamagciwane
Ukungcola okungavamile kwesisu kuyisinye isibonakaliso somdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, nakuba lesi sibonakaliso sinamabangela amaningi (futhi evame kakhulu). Kungenzeka noma kungabi iphunga elihambisana nokukhishwa, futhi ukukhishwa kungahle kunombala, ukukhanya noma okunzima, okuphakathi noma okuqhubekayo. Ngokuvamile, ukukhishwa kwamagciwane ngenxa yomdlavuza kunombala obomvu okombala, kodwa lokhu kungahluka kakhulu.
Iningi labesifazane banesifo sangasese ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi isikhathi esiningi lokhu kuhlobene nezinguquko ezijwayelekile ze-hormonal. Uma ukhathazekile ungahlola lawa macebiso lapho uzobona udokotela wakho ngokukhishwa kwesisu.
Izimpawu zamuva zeCarcer Cancer
Kunezigaba ezine ezihlukene zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho . Izimpawu zesigaba esiphakeme noma ukuqhubeka komdlavuza wesibeletho kungathinta izifunda eziningi zomzimba.
Ezinye zalezi zimpawu zingase zihlobene nezinguquko ekusetshenzisweni komzimba okuhlobene nomdlavuza, njengokulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingenhloso (ukulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angu-5 wesisindo somzimba esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-12), ukukhathala nokucabangela.
Izimpawu ezihlobene nokukhula kwesisindo esikhwameni singase zihlanganise ubuhlungu be-back (okungase bufike emilenzeni). Ukucindezela okuvela esiqhumeni esikhwameni kungase kubangele ukuvuvukala komunye owodwa noma emilenzeni yombili. Izimpawu zamathumbu kanye nesibindi kusuka kuzinhlungu ngokuvuthwa noma ukuhamba kwamathumbu ukuze kube khona ukungena.
Uma umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho usakazeka ( izibalo ) kwezinye izifunda zomzimba, izimpawu zingase zihlotshaniswe nendawo okusabalala kuyo. Isibonelo, ubuhlungu be-bone nobuhlungu bangase kwenzeke uma umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho usakazeka emathanjeni futhi ukukhwehlela kungenzeka uma kusakazeka emaphashini .
Okufanele Ukwenze Uma Unesifo Sengculaza Yesibeletho
Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu zomdlavuza wesibeletho, yenza i-aphoyintimenti nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Ngokuvamile lezi zimpawu zizohambisana nomunye, isimo esibi kakhulu, kepha umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho uyaphathwa kakhulu uma ubanjwe ekuqaleni.
Uma wenza i-aphoyintimenti yakho, umamukeli uzokubuza isizathu sokuvakashelwa kwakho. Qinisekisa ukumtshela izimpawu zakho. Lokhu kunganquma ukuthi maduze kufanele ubone udokotela wakho. Uma uzizwa ungakhululekile ukukhuluma ne-receptionist mayelana nezimpawu zakho, cela ukukhuluma nomhlengikazi.
Ngaphambi kokuqokwa kwakho, bhala phansi izimpawu zakho. Hlanganisa ulwazi olunjengokuthi uzwa nini futhi ukuthi ubhekana kaningi kangakanani izimpawu, yimiphi imithi (uma ikhona) ukunciphisa izimpawu, nokuthi ubeke isikhathi eside kangakanani izimpawu. Lonke lolu lwazi luzosiza udokotela wakho ukuba ahlolwe kahle.
Izingozi Zekhanda Lomlomo Wesibeletho
Ukuba nezinkinga ezithile kungandisa amathuba okuba nomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho, kodwa abantu abaningi abahlakulela umdlavuza wesibeletho abanalo izici ezibonakala ziyingozi. Uma unalezi zici eziyingozi, kungase kwandise amathuba okuthi izimpawu zakho zikhathazeka, kodwa khuluma nodokotela wakho noma ngabe awunayo lezi zinto. Izinto ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho zihlanganisa:
- Umlando we- HPV ukutheleleka
- Ukubhema
- Ukuba nenani elikhulu lezingane (ubunye obuphezulu)
- Isivikelo somzimba sokuzivikela (isibonelo, kusuka ku-HIV noma chemotherapy yomdlavuza)
- Ukulala ocansini esemncane
- Ukuba nenani eliphezulu labalingani bocansi
- Ukuvezwa kwe-diethylstilbestrol (DES) ku-utero (UKUDLULWA kokwemvelo kuyingozi engozini engavamile yomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho obizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho esicacile kodwa awusetshenziswanga e-US kusukela ngo-1971)
Ukuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza wesibeletho
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ekuqaleni, ukufika kwe-Pap smear ukuhlolwa komdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho kunciphise izinga lokufa kusukela lesi sifo kusukela ngo-1980. Qinisekisa ukuthi ulandela imihlahlandlela yokuhlola, kodwa khumbula ukuthi lezi ziqondiso ezijwayelekile ezenzelwe umphakathi wonke. Kungase kube nezizathu zokuhlola (noma ukungahloli) njengomuntu ongahlanganiswa ngaphansi kwalezi zincomo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuhlolwa kokuhlolwa kuhloswe kubantu abahlulekayo-abangenazo izimpawu zesifo. Uma unesinye sezibonakaliso ezibalwe ngaphambili, ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kungadingeka ngaphandle kwe-Pap smear yokuhlola. Uma ungaqiniseki uma udinga lezi zivivinyo, hlola lezi ziqondiso zokuhlolwa komdlavuza wesibeletho .
Ukuqaphela I-Cancer Cervical
Kunezindlela eziningi lapho umdlavuza wesibeletho uthola khona. Hlola lokhu kuhlola okusetshenziselwa ukuxilonga umdlavuza wesibeletho .
Izwi kusuka
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, izimpawu ezivamile zomdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho zineminye yezizathu eziningi. Ngokuvamile, ukuphanga kuyothola ukuthi izimpawu zakho zihlobene nesimo esihlukile, nesincane kakhulu. Isiqubulo esithi "ephephile kangcono kunokudabuka" kungenzeka kube yi-mantra engcono kakhulu uma ubona izimpawu ezingase zibe izimpawu zakudala zanoma yimuphi umdlavuza .
Uma ukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezimpawu zakho, khumbula ukuthi imithi akuyona isayensi emnyama nesimhlophe. Uma uneP Pap smear evamile kepha kungekho incazelo mayelana nezimpawu zakho, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Uma uqhubeka ube nezimpawu ezingachazwe noma uzizwe uzikhathazekile, cela izivivinyo ezengeziwe noma ucele umbono wesibili. Yiba ummeli wakho siqu ukunakekela impilo yakho.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Izibalo Eziyinhloko Zomdlavuza Wesibeletho. Kubuyekezwe 01/04/18. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cervical-cancer/about/key-statistics.html
> I-American Society of Oncology. Umdlavuza wesibeletho: Izimpawu nezibonakaliso. Kubuyekezwe 07/2017. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/cervical-cancer/symptoms-and-signs
> National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa Kwemdlavuza Yesibeletho (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version. Kubuyekezwe 01/31/17. https://www.cancer.gov/types/cervical/hp/cervical-treatment-pdq