Esikhathini esitatimendeni esanyatheliswa ngo-February 2017 inkathi yephephandaba i- Thyroid , i-American Thyroid Association (ATA) ikhishwe ucingo lwe-iodization yendawo yonke. I-iodization yosawoti yomhlaba wonke ichazwa ngokuthi ukwengeza iodini kuwo wonke usawoti okuhloswe ukuba udliwe ngabantu. Umgomo we-ATA ekukhipheni ucingo ukusiza ukunciphisa imiphumela engafanele yezempilo yokuntuleka kwe-iodine.
I-iodine ne-Thyroid
I-iodine yisisindo esibalulekile esidingekayo umzimba ukuze kuvezwe i-hormone ye-thyroid. Umzimba awukwenzi u-iodine, ngakho kufanele ugonywe, ngokuvamile ngokudla okukhuliswe enhlabathini ecebile iodini, ezokudla kwezilwandle, noma nge-iodization kasawoti.
Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine- kanye nokukhubazeka kwayo kwe-iodine ukukhubazeka (IDD) -kuhlobene ne-cretinism, isimo esingenakuphikisana esibangela ukukhubazeka okunzima nokukhulelwa kwengqondo. I-IDD empeleni iyimbangela eholela ekuvinjweni kwengqondo emhlabeni. I-ATA ibike ukuthi amaphesenti angaba ngu-40 omphakathi womhlaba okwamanje ayengozini yokuntuleka kwe-iodine.
Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine kuhlotshaniswa nokukhuliswa kwe-thyroid (goiter), i-thyroid esebenzayo (hypothyroidism), ukukhulelwa kwesisu okuphindaphindiwe, nokulahleka kokukhulelwa, phakathi kwezinye izinkinga nezimo zezempilo. Kuye kwaboniswa ocwaningweni ukuthi ukuntuleka kwe-iodine owesifazane ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo nokuqonda ezinganeni zakhe.
Ngokwesitatimende se-ATA: "Umthelela wesikhathi eside futhi ongase ube ngumuntu siqu kanye nomphakathi walokhu awukwazi ukugcizelela kakhulu."
I-Geography Yokuntuleka Kwe-iodine
Ukudla okukhuliswe ezindaweni ezaye zahlanganiswa izilwandle kunomqondo ophezulu wokugxila kwe-iodine-futhi ngenxa yalokho, izibalo ezingekho kahle iodine.
Izindawo ezingenhla noma eziphakemeyo ezinezinhlayiyana ezingaphansi kwe-iodine enhlabathini yazo-futhi ezinikeza ukufinyelela okuncane ezinhlanzi zasolwandle-cishe zinamazinga aphansi e-iodini ekunikezeni ukudla futhi zisengozini enkulu ye-IDD.
Ngokusho kwabacwaningi, amazwe okuphela okwamanje abonakala ebizwa ngokuthi "ukutholakala kwe-iodine eqhubekayo" kufaka i-United States, Canada, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Switzerland, Austria, Bhutan, Peru, ePanama, Macedonia naseJapane.
Izindawo zokukhathazeka okuqondile zihlanganisa i-Afrika ephakathi ne-Asia, lapho kunabantu abaningi abanobunzima obukhulu be-iodine, kanye nama-Himalayas, i-European Alps, i-Andes, nezingxenye zaseMpumalanga Yurophu. Ezinye izindawo zaseYurophu nazo zinesilinganiso esithile sokuntuleka kwe-iodine.
Amaphuzu we-ATA ku-Universal Iodised Salt
Isitatimende se-ATA senza amaphuzu amaningana ayisihluthulelo mayelana ne-salt iodization yonke indawo:
- I-iodization yosawoti jikelele iyindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokuvimbela ukuntuleka kwe-iodine nokuhluleka kwe-iodine.
- Kokuqala uketshezi ukhethwa njengemoto yezinyathelo zokuzivikela nge-iodine ngoba idliwe ngamanani azinzile kahle cishe wonke umuntu kanye nesigaba sabantu nsuku zonke; ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo ngosawoti iodidiyoni bulula; ezindaweni eziningi ukukhiqizwa kasawoti kuhlanganiswa ezindaweni ezimbalwa, okugqugquzela ukuqapha nokuphoqelela; futhi i-iodization usawoti ayithengi.
- Kunobufakazi bokuthi i-iodization yonke yesikhumba idinga ukuba ibekwe ngokomthetho futhi iqiniswe ngokuqinile ezingeni likazwelonke ukuze iphumelele.
- Ukuqapha-ikakhulukazi ukubuka amazinga e-urinary i-urine kubantu-kubalulekile njengendlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutholakala kwe-iodine kukwanele.
- I-iodization yosawoti jikelele iphakanyiswe yi-WHO, i-Iodine Global Network, ne-UNICEF.
I-WHO ibilokhu ikhuthaza i-iodization yosawoti jikelele kusukela ngo-1993. Bakhetha ukasawoti njengendlela yokubhekana ne-IDD ngezizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile:
Itholakale kabanzi futhi isetshenziselwa imali ejwayelekile kulo nyaka, futhi ngoba izindleko ze-iodizing ziphansi kakhulu - kuphela ngama-US $ 0.05 ngomuntu ngamunye ngonyaka.
Ngokusho kwe-WHO, amakhasimende angaba ngu-66 emhlabeni wonke manje anelungelo lokuthola usawoti odidayo, kodwa abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili emhlabeni ababanakho ukudla okwanele kwe-iodine, kanti okwesithathu kubo bangabantwana.
Iyiphi Inzuzo Yokunconywa Kwe-Iodine?
I-World Health Organization itusa:
- I-90 mcg ye-iodine nsuku zonke ezinganeni nasezingane kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu
- 120 mcg izingane ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya kweyishumi nambili
- 150 mcg nsuku zonke izingane ≥ iminyaka engu-12 nabantu abadala
- 250 mcg nsuku zonke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kanye ne-lactation
I-United States Institute of Medicine yakhuthaza ukuthi ukudla okungenani nsuku zonke kwe-iodine kufana nalokhu:
- 90 mcg nsuku zonke izingane ezineminyaka engu-1 kuya kwengu-8 ubudala
- I-120 mcg yabantwana abaneminyaka engu-9 kuya kwengu-13 ubudala
- 150 mcg nsuku zonke kubantu abadala asebekhulile kanye nabantu abadala abangenasidlangalaleni
- 220 mcg abesifazane besifazane abakhulelwe
- 290 i-mcg yabesifazane abalahlayo
Uma ukhathazekile ngokudla kwakho kwe-iodine, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi amazinga akho ahlolwe futhi, uma kudingeka, ukuthola izixazululo zokuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Thyroid Association. Ukwehla kwe-iodine. http://www.thyroid.org/iodine-deficiency/
> Pearce Elizabeth N .. Thyroid. February 2017, 27 (2): 137-137. doi: 10.1089 / thy.2016.0678.
> Vitti, P., "Ukukhubazeka kwe-iodine ukuphazamiseka," i-UptoDate. Jan 31, 2017. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/iodine-deficiency-disorders
> I-World Health Organization. "Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine." Http://www.who.int/nutrition/topics/idd/en/