Uhlobo Lwezikhumba Zezikhumba Ezingenakulimaza noma Ezimbi
I- macule iyisiqeshana esikhishwe esikhumbeni esingasesikhulumi futhi singaphansi kwamamentimitha ububanzi ububanzi. Uma ngabe ukuvala amehlo akho uphinde ugijime umunwe phezu kwesikhumba, ngokuvamile ngeke ukwazi ukuzwa ushintsho ekuthunjweni.
Ama-macules ayingxenye yezimo ezihlukene zezokwelapha, ezinye ezimbi futhi ezinye azikho. Zibizwa ngokuthi izilonda eziyinhloko njengoba zivame ukuba isinyathelo sokuqala ekuboneni isifo.
Ezinye izilonda ezisemqoka zihlanganisa ama-pustules (i-pimple noma i-blister ephakanyiswe yi-pus) nama-tumor.
Ama-macules angabonakala kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba kodwa atholakalayo kakhulu esifubeni, emuva, ubuso, nezingalo. Kungenzeka kube yi-hypopigmented (ilula kunesikhumba esiseduze), i-hyperpigmented (emnyama kunezikhumba ezizungezile), noma ivele i-pink noma ibomvu.
Izimbangela
Ama-Macules angase abe uphawu lwezinto ezinzulu noma azisho lutho nakancane. Zivame ukuba khona kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa futhi zingakhula noma zanda ngenombolo njengoba umuntu ekhula. Ngisho nezikhumbuzo zokubeletha zingabhekwa njengoluhlobo lwe-macule.
Ama-Macules angafaka kunoma iyiphi inombolo yezimo zezokwelapha ezivame futhi ezingavamile, kufaka phakathi:
- I-Vitiligo , ukulahlekelwa kombala wesikhumba okuhlotshaniswa nezifo ezizenzakalelayo
- I-Tinea versicolor , ama-patches amnyama noma amancane esikhumba abangelwa i-fungus
- I-candidiasis encane, ukushisa okubomvu, okumangalisa okubangelwa i-fungus efanayo njenge- thrush yomlomo
- I-Rosacea , ama-red patches esikhumba ebusweni
- I-rubella (isisimungumane saseJalimane) , ukutheleleka okuvamile kwegciwane
- I-tuberous sclerosis , isifo esingavamile esingabangela i-hypopigmentation
- I-actinic keratosis , uhlobo lwe-precancer
- Umdlavuza wesikhumba , kuhlanganise ne-basal cell carcinoma, i-squamous cell carcinoma, ne-melanoma
I-Cancer ne-Macules
I-macule ayikho, yodwa, uphawu lomdlavuza wesikhumba.
Ngenkathi i-macule ingase ibe nokubukeka komdlavuza, kuzotholakala ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe noma kungabandakanyi ukuxilongwa. Konke okushiwo, kunezinhlobo ezine zomdlavuza wesikhumba noma i-precancer, ngayinye enezici zayo ezibukeka:
- I-actinic keratosis inezinhlaka ezomile, ama-scaly noma izindawo ezivame ukutholakala ekhanda, entanyeni, ezandleni nasemaphambili.
- Izilonda ze- Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) zibonakala njenge-patch pinkish noma inyama enemibala, i-pearl-like bump, kaningi ekhanda, entanyeni nangengalo (kodwa nanoma iyiphi enye ingxenye yomzimba)
- I-squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) ingabonakala njenge-scaly patch, i-red bump ebomvu, noma i-sore ephilisa futhi ivule kabusha. Ziyabonakala kaningi emgqeni wezindlebe, ubuso, intamo, izingalo, esifubeni, nangemuva.
- I-melanoma ingabonakalisa njengendawo emnyama esikhumbeni noma ngezinguquko ezingavamile ze-molecule.
Uma uthola noma yiziphi izinsalela noma izilonda ezisolisayo, xhumana nodokotela wezinambuzane ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Izindlela Zokuxilongwa
Ukuze unqume imbangela ye-macule, i-dermatologist izoqala ngokuhlola ngokomzimba lesi sifo. Kwezinye izimo, ezifana ne-vitiligo noma i-rosacea, ukubukeka kwezinto ezibonakalayo kukwanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa (nakuba ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kungenziwa ukuze kubone noma yiziphi izimbangela eziyinhloko).
Kwezinye izimo, udokotela angenza isiko uma imbangela ekholelwa ukuthi iwufungal noma isebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukukhomba ukutheleleka kwegciwane noma igciwane.
Uma kunomdlavuza, izinga legolide lokuxilongwa lihlala liyi- biopsy yesikhumba . Inqubo ingenziwa ngokushesha ngokushesha ehhovisi likadokotela futhi ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. Ngemuva kokuthi isikhumba sinqanyuliwe, isampula yesikhumba iyosuswa (noma ngokushefa isikhumba, besebenzisa i-punch emithathu-millimeter, noma ukhululeke isampula nge-scalpel) futhi uhlolwe ebhodini. I-biopsy iguqulwa ngamacala lapho kunomdlavuza khona.
Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yanoma iyiphi yalezi zinqubo-kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibukwayo, i-laboratory test, noma i-biopsy-udokotela uzophakamisa ukwelashwa okufanelekile ukuxilongwa.
Izwi elivela
Ukubonakala okungazelelwe kwanoma yisiphi isikhumba sekhanda kungabangela ukukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi uma kushintsha okusheshayo noma okungajwayelekile . Ngisho noma ungaqiniseki ukuthi kuyini (noma ayihambisani nesiprofayili sesici), thola ukuyihlola ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva.
Ekugcineni, kunethuba elihle lokuthi lesi sifo ngeke sibe yinto engathà sina noma into ephathwa kalula. Ngisho noma kungumdlavuza, ukuxilongwa kokuqala kanye nokwelashwa kukunikeza amathuba amakhulu okuphumelela. Uma ibanjwa ekuseni, ngisho ne-melanoma ingaphulukiswa ngokuhlinzwa okuncane.
Ukunciphisa ubungozi bakho bomdlavuza wesikhumba:
- Gqoka isikrini somswakama we-SPF 15 noma ngaphezulu (noma ngabe sinofu).
- Gcoba izingubo kanye nesikhwama esikhulu.
- Funa umthunzi lapho kunokwenzeka, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka-10: 00 ekuseni no-4: 00 ntambama
- Ungalokothi uvumele isikhumba sakho sishise.
- Gwema imibhede yokuqothula.
- Hlola umzimba wakho nyangazonke nganoma yisiphi isici esibhekisayo, ama-moles noma izilonda.
> Imithombo:
> Gandhi, S. kanye noKampp, J. "I-Epidemiology ye-Cancer Epidemiology, Ukutholwa, Nokuphathwa." Umtholampilo waseMedi N Amer. 2015; 99 (6): 1323-35; I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.mcna.2015.06.002.
> Plensdorf, A. noMartinez, J. "Ukuhlukunyezwa Okuvamile Pigmentation." Am Fam Physician . 2009; 79 (2): 109-116.