Umthelela Wokulimala esikhungweni sokuxhumana seBrain
Ubuchopho buba yisandiso esifana nesisekelo esisebuchosheni esixhumanisa ubuchopho emthonjeni womgogodla. Isebenza njengesikhungo sokuxhumana sobuchopho futhi siqondisa lapho izimo zamagesi kagesi zithunyelwa kuzo zonke izingxenye zomzimba.
I-Multiple Sclerosis (MS) ibonakala ngokubunjwa kwezilonda (eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-plaques) ezingxenyeni zesistimu enkulu yezinzwa.
Kuye lapho okukhona khona ama-plaque, ukuhanjiswa kwe-nerve kungaphazanyiswa, kubangele izimpawu zamagciwane esizihlanganisa ne-MS.
Ukuthi isisindo seBrain Sebenza kanjani
Cabanga ukuthi ubuchopho buba njengendlela yokulawula ukulawula kunethiwekhi enkulu yokuxhumana. Njengoba imilayezo ithunyelwa ebuchosheni, idlula ebuchosheni ihamba ngesimo somqondo kagesi. Kulapha ukuthi izimpendulo ziqondiswa endaweni eyodwa-eyaziwa ngokuthi i-medulla oblongata, i-pons, kanye ne-midbrain-ngayinye yayo iqondisa ukulawulwa kwemisebenzi ethile yokuzimela (yokuzibandakanya) kanye neyomuntu ozithandayo.
Kusukela kulo mhlangano, izimpendulo zithunyelwa emthonjeni womgogodla ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi yamaseli wegazi, awaziwa njenge-neurons. I-neuron ngayinye ixhunyaniswe nezintambo ezinjengezintambo, ezibizwa nge-axons, ezithumela umlayezo odluliselwe emotweni ethile noma isimiso senzwa.
Izingxenye ze-Stem Stem
Ubuchopho buya, ngenkathi buyingcosana, busebenza ngenhloso enkulu.
Kungenxa yokuqhuba konke ukuxhumana okuvela ku-cerebrum (ingxenye eyinhloko yobuchopho) kanye ne-cerebellum (evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "i-mini-ubuchopho") kuwo wonke umzimba. Iqukethe izinzwa ezingu-12, ezibizwa ngokuthi ama-cranium nerves, leyo nsizakalo ikhanda, ubuso, nezitho zangaphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilawula izinhlelo eziyisisekelo zokuphila kanye nezinzwa esizidingayo ukuze sizisebenze futhi sihlale siphila.
Ubuchopho buqhekeke zibe izingxenye ezintathu:
- I-medulla oblongata, etholakala engxenyeni engezansi yobuchopho bakho, iyinhloko yokulawulwa kwenhliziyo yakho nokucindezela kwegazi. Iphinde iqondise ukucabanga okungazibandakanyi okufana nokukhwehlela, ukukloloda nokuhlanza.
- Amapayipi aphakathi kwengxenye ephakathi nobuchopho futhi unesibopho sokulawula ukuphefumula nokulala okujulile. Kubuye kuhileleke ekuhloleni okuhlobene nokuzwa, ukunambitha, nokulinganisela.
- I-midbrain, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-mesencephalon, ifinyelele ekupheleni kokugcina kobuchopho futhi inesibopho sokudlulisa izinzwa eziphakathi kokubona, umsindo, nokunyakaza komzimba. Ibuye isebenze imisebenzi yokuzimela njengokufana nokugaya, izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, nokukala kokuphefumula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphakathi kwalezi zifunda ezintathu kuyinkimbinkimbi yenethiwekhi yezinzwa, okuthiwa i- reticular formation , elawula izinga lakho lokuqonda.
Indlela i-MS ethinta ngayo isisindo se-Brain
Nakuba imbangela ye-multiple sclerosis engacacile ngokuphelele, ikholelwa ukuthi iyisifo esizimele (lapho amasosha omzimba ahlasela khona ajwayelekile, amangqamuzana anempilo) noma isifo esibuyiselwa emzimbeni (lapho ukuvuvukala kwesigameko esingavamile samasosha omzimba kubangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana).
Kunoma yikuphi, i-MS ibhekwa njengesifo sokudonsa umzimba esiqeda ukumboza okuvikelayo kwe-neurons, okuthiwa i-myelin sheath.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ama-neurons aqala ukungasebenzi uma imigqa yokuxhumana phakathi kwamaseli iphazamiseka. Umonakalo oqhubekayo obangelwa ukuxoshwa komzimba kuholela ekunqandeni kwezinthambo zesisindo ngendlela yamacwecwe.
Izimpawu ze-Brain Stem Injury
Ama-plaque angathuthuka noma yikuphi esimisweni sezinzwa zomphakathi, kepha uma enza kanjalo ebuchosheni, kunoma iyiphi inamba yemisebenzi ingakwazi ukuphazamiseka. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukukhubazeka kombono, kufaka phakathi imibono kabili noma ukunyakaza kwe-jerky eye
- Ukukhubazeka kwezimoto, kuhlanganise nokulahlekelwa kokulawulwa kwemoto noma ubuthakathaka besitho
- Ukuzwa ukukhubazeka, kufaka hlangana isithulu, i-tinnitus, noma ukungahambisani komsindo
- Ukukhubazeka kwenkulumo, kufaka phakathi inkulumo emisiwe kanye namaphethini okukhuluma okungavamile
- Ukulahlekelwa kwemizwa, kufaka phakathi ukunambitheka, iphunga, noma ukuzwa kwesikhumba
- Ukulahlekelwa ibhalansi noma i-vertigo
- Ukulahlekelwa ukuhamba kahle, kufaka phakathi amakhono wokubhala noma okuthayipha
- Izimpendulo ezingavamile ngokomzwelo, kuhlanganise nokukhala okungalungile noma ukuhleka
- Ukuhlunga izinkinga, kubandakanya ukukhahlela, ukukhwehlela, noma ukuguga
Izinga lokubandakanyeka kwe-plaque ngokuvamile lingatholakala ukuthi linombhalo wokubheka i-resonance imaging (MRI) . Ngenkathi ukuguqulwa komonakalo wezinzwa kunzima, ucwaningo seluqale ukubonisa isithembiso ekukhuthazeni ukuvuselelwa ngokusetshenziswa kwama-immunological antibodies, ama-stem cell transplants, nama-agent evikela izidakamizwa.
> Umthombo:
> Lublin, F .; Reingold, S .; Cohen, J. et al. "Ukuchaza inkambo yokwelashwa kwe-multiple sclerosis: Izibuyekezo zango-2013." I-Neurology. 2014; 83 (3): 278-286.