Nginakekele iziguli zomdlavuza we-prostate iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Iziguli ziza kimi zinezinhlobo eziningi ezingalungile. Nakhu okungu-10 kwezingqondo ezingavamile kakhulu:
1. Amaphrostate amakhulu ayenzibi
Zonke izinkinga ezihlobene nesistimu ye-urinary zibonakala zikholelwa ekukhulisweni kwe-prostate. Lokhu akunakwenzeka ngoba amadoda anezintambo ezincane ze-prostate nazo zikhononda ngokuya endlini yokugezela njalo.
Ngisho nabesifazane bahlupheka ngalezi zinkinga futhi abanaso isisu.
Isifiso esikhulu sokwenza umvuthano sivamile, njengoba abantu bekhula. Kungani? Kuyindlela yokuzivikela. Khumbula, izinxushunxushu zomzimba eziningi kanye nezinzwa ziba buthakathaka ngokukhula. Ukukhanya kwamehlo, i-libido ihluleka, ukuzwa kuyancipha. Uma isifiso sokuvuthwa sishabalalala, ukwehluleka kwezinso nokufa kuphumela.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi isisindo esikhulayo sokuvuthwa, njengoba abantu bekhula, kulula. Cha, kungaba yinkinga yangempela, ikakhulu lapho iphazamisa ukulala. Kodwa-ke, akuyona into enembile ukubeka zonke izinsolo ekukhuliseni i-prostate. Futhi kusukela embonweni womdlavuza, kukhona inzuzo eyodwa yokuba ne-prostate gland enkulu. Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi izimbungulu ezinkulu ze-prostate zenza ukwelashwa okuphansi okuphansi, zibe nokusabalalisa okuncane okungaphezulu kwe-capsular kanye nesipiliyoni esiphansi sokuphindaphinda umdlavuza, ngemuva kokwelashwa, kunezinhlayiya ezincane ze-prostate.
Ukuba ne- prostate gland enkulu akusihle njalo; kunamadoda athile anezimbungulu ezinkulu ze-prostate ezithola izimpawu zokuvimbela umchamo.
Kodwa-ke, amadoda ane-prostates ekhulisiwe angabonga okungenani ukuthi igciwane lawo elikhulisiwe linomthelela owodwa wokuvimbela umdlavuza wesi-prostate.
2. I-prostate Cancer Causes
Kuwo wonke umlando, amadoda avakashela odokotela kuphela lapho ingxenye ethile yemizimba yabo ilimaza noma ingasebenzi. Kodwa umdlavuza we-prostate awubangeli noma yiziphi izimpawu kuze kube yilapho ziba kakhulu kakhulu.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi amadoda angeke abe nezimpawu ezivela endaweni ye-prostate ngenxa yezinye izinto ezifana nezifo ezithinta umchamo noma izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Kodwa izimpawu zomdlavuza ezifana nobuhlungu be-bone, izinguquko ekuchama, futhi ubuhlungu be-pelvic buvele ngesifo esiphakeme kakhulu , lapho umdlavuza usakazeka ngaphandle kwegland. Uma nje amadoda enza ukuhlolwa kwonyaka okufanelekile nge-PSA (i-prostate-specific antigen), umdlavuza uzothathwa cishe njalo ngaphambi kokuba ukwazi ukuveza izimpawu.
3. I-PSA Ivela Emdlavuza We-Prostate
Amanye ama- PSA angase avele umdlavuza we-prostate, kodwa ikakhulukazi akhiqizwa yi-prostate gland. Ukwandiswa kwe-gland kwenzeka njengamadoda ubudala, okwenza iPSA ikhule. Enye imbangela engeyona ingqikithi ye-PSA ephezulu ivuvukala i-prostate, ebizwa ngokuthi i-prostatitis. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa i-PSA yodwa ukuxilonga umdlavuza kuyingozi kakhulu, ikakhulu uma i-PSA ingaphansi kuka-10.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi i-PSA ayinalutho. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, azikho izimpawu zomdlavuza wesi-prostate ezinyathelweni zokuqala. Ngakho, i-PSA ephezulu ibonisa kuphela ukuthi kukhona okwenzekayo nge-prostate. Ukucabanga okungamanga ngokuphelele ukuphetha ngokuthi ukuphakama kwe-PSA kusho umdlavuza. Amadoda anePSA ephakeme kufanele aphinde ukuhlolwa.
Uma iqhubeka iphakanyisiwe kufanele iphinde ihlole ukuthi kungenzeka yini umdlavuza we-prostate ngokuthola i-MRI ye-Tesla i-multiparametric, hhayi i-biopsy engahleliwe.
4. I-12-Core Random Prostate Biopsy Akuyona Imisebenzi Ekulu
Ukuthola i- biopsy ye-prostate, indoda ihlezi eceleni kwayo imilenze yakhe ihlelwe esifubeni sakhe. Ngemuva kokuthi i-enema igcinwe futhi i-swabbed ye-rectum ne-soap, inaliti ifakwa izikhathi eziningi odongeni lwe-rectum ukuze ijobe i-Novocain ngaphakathi nangaphansi kwe-prostate. Uma i-prostate ixilisiwe, izinhlamvu ezingu- 12 noma ngaphezulu zinezinhlamvu ezinkulu zikhishwa ngesibhamu se-needle biopsy ephethe entwasahlobo.
Ama-antibiotic ajwayele ukuhanjiswa amathuba okutheleleka.
Uma kwenziwa ngobuchule, inqubo ye-biopsy ithatha imizuzu engu-20 kuya kwangu-30. Emva kwenkambiso, amadoda avame ukuphuma egazini nasemzimbeni inyanga noma ngaphezulu. Izinkinga zesikhashana nge-erections zingenzeka. Ngesonto elizayo noma amabili, inani elincane lamadoda (cishe amaphesenti amabili) lihanjiswe esibhedlela ngenxa yokwelashwa kwe-sepsis esongela ukuphila. Ngezinye izikhathi, umuntu uyafa.
5. Ukukhathazeka Okudokotela Okuyinhloko Kuhlale Kuyisineke
Uma i- MRI ye- prostate yembula indawo esolisayo futhi i-biopsy ehlosiwe (hhayi okungahleliwe) ibonisa umdlavuza, kuzodingeka ufune iseluleko sochwepheshe ukuze ukhethe ukwelashwa okulungile. Nokho, kunenkinga. Bonke odokotela emhlabeni womdlavuza we-prostate banikeza iseluleko futhi banikeze ukwelashwa. Inkinga ukuthi bayakhokhelwa kangcono uma banikeza ukwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, abaningi banomthelela wesikhashana ukuba bakunxuse ukuba uphishekele ukwelashwa nabo. Odokotela bahlakaniphile ngokwanele ukwazi ukuthi uyazi lokhu. Ngakho-ke, bazibeka njengabahlangothini lwakho futhi basebenzisa indlela yokuthengisa okunethezeka. Isethulo sabo sithandeka kakhulu futhi siyancomeka ngoba bahlale behlanganyela neziguli ezintsha nsuku zonke.
Indlela kuphela yokuvimbela le nkinga ngxabano yodokotela yenzalo ukuhlela ukubonisana nodokotela bese uyibiza (noma) njengodokotela wakho ocebisa kuphela. Kuzodingeka ukwenze kucace kusukela ekuqaleni ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo angeke (noma) abe udokotela wakho wokuphatha . Umgomo wokuhlangana kwakho nodokotela ocebisa ukuthola ulwazi olungenabulungiswa mayelana nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwezokwelapha olungcono kakhulu esimweni sakho. Udinga udokotela okweluleka ukukunikeza "ulwazi lwangaphakathi" ngamanqanaba amakhono abanye odokotela emphakathini wakho wezokwelapha.
6. Wonke umdlavuza we-prostate ungaba ngukufa
Kukhona ukudideka okuningi ngoba ilebula eyodwa, "umdlavuza wesifo sofuba," isetshenziswa kuwo wonke amamaki ahlukene wesifo. Ngomdlavuza wesikhumba sibheka izinto ezimbi "i-melanoma." Uhlobo olunomthelela womdlavuza wesikhumba esiwubiza ngokuthi "basal cell." Ngomdlavuza we-prostate, esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amagama ahlukene sisebenzisa izinombolo. Isibonelo, i-Gleason 7 nangaphezulu ingasakazeka futhi ibulawe ngezinye izikhathi (nakuba kungekho ndawo esiseduze neyingozi njenge-melanoma). I-Gleason 6 nangaphansi ayifuni. I-Gleason 6 yenza njenge-basal cell carcinoma yesikhumba.
Manje njengoba odokotela ekugcineni beqaphela lokhu kungezwani, basuke besuka ekunconyeni ukwelashwa kuwo wonke umuntu. Amadoda akhethiwe afakwa ekuqapha okusheshayo ngaphandle kokwelashwa okusheshayo. Le ndlela entsha ibizwa ngokuthi ukubhekwa okusebenzayo . Phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule, ukubhekwa okusebenzayo sekuye kwamukelwa ngokwengeziwe njengendlela ekwazi ukuphatha amadoda akhethiwe ngomdlavuza we-Gleason 6 wesibeletho. Ukubhekwa okusebenzayo kwamukelwa yiNational Care Comprehensive Network Network (NCCN), i-American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), kanye ne-American Urological Association (AUA) njengendlela ejwayelekile yokuphatha uGleason 6.
7. Imiphumela Ehlangothini Evela Ekuhlinzeni Neziphuthumayo Kuyafana
Amadoda aneGleason 7 nangaphezulu azovame ukudinga uhlobo oluthile lwezokwelapha. Njengoba abantu abaningi abasanda kutholakala babhekana ikakhulukazi nodokotela we-urologist (ongumbonyi ohlinzayo), ukuhlinza kuvame ukuboniswa njengokwelashwa okukhethayo. Inkinga yukuthi ukuhlinzwa kunemiphumela emibi kakhulu futhi amazinga okuphulukisa ngokuvamile aphansi kunalokho okungafinyelelwa ngemisebe yokufaka imbewu. Nalu uhlu, akunjalo konke okubandakanya, eminye yemiphumela emibi kunalokho ukuthi ukuhlinzwa kungabangela:
- Isifo se-penis esikhulelwe noma "Isifo se-Peyronie." Kwesifundo samadoda angu-276 athola ukuhlinzeka, amaphesenti angu-17.4 ala madoda ahlakulela izidakamizwa ezikhohlisayo.
- Ochwepheshe baye babika ukuthi ukucwilisa umchamo, okuthiwa "i-Climacturia," kwenzeka cishe ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-20 amadoda ahlinzwa ngokuhlinzwa.
- Ukungaziphathi kahle kwe-urinary kwenzeka kumaphesenti angu-5 kuya kwangu-10 weziguli.
- Ukucindezeleka ukungahambi kahle, ukukhipha umchamo ngokugxuma, ukuhleka, ukukhwehlela, ukuklolodela, njll kwenzeka kumaphesenti angu-50 weziguli.
- I-Shrinkage ye-penis iyenzeka ngokulinganisa kwesentimitha esisodwa.
- Okungeziwe, izinkinga ezihlobene nokuhlinzwa zikhona, kufaka phakathi ukufa kwangasese.
8. Ungayenza imisebe emva kokuhlinzwa, kodwa hhayi okwesibindi
Iphuzu elilodwa lokuthengisa ngokuhlinzwa okwenziwa yiziguli eziningi ezitholakisayo kudinga ukududuza ukucabanga ukuthi bakwenza inetha lokuphepha, uhlelo lokulondoloza, ngokwenza ukuhlinzwa "kokuqala" esikhundleni sokushisa imisebe. Odokotela abahlinzayo babatshela ukuthi, "Uma umdlavuza ubuya ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ungenza imisebe, kepha ukuhlinzwa akukwazi ukuyenza ngemva kwemisebe." Lesi simangalo asiseqiniso. Ukulondoloza imbewu yokufaka imbewu emadodeni aphindaphindiwe e-prostate ngemuva kokuba imisebe yenziwa njalo kaningi.
Kodwa-ke, kunesizathu esicindezelayo nakakhulu sokungayinaki ingxabano "yokulandelana." Ukuqala ngokuhlinzeka kunengqondo eminyakeni engu-15 eyedlule lapho ukuhlinzeka nokushiswa kwemisebe kwakunezinga elibi lokuphulukisa nemiphumela emibi efanayo. Namuhla lokhu kuyimpikiswano ekhethekile. Imishanguzo yanamuhla inezimbangela ezincane kakhulu kunezokuhlinzwa kanye nezinga eliphezulu lokuphulukisa amazinga. Uma ufuna ukwelapha umdlavuza, kungani uqala ngemithi engcono kakhulu futhi enobuthi ngenkathi uphethe ukwelashwa kangcono endaweni yokugcina?
9. Ukukhishwa kwembewu kanye ne-Beam Radiation Konke Okufanayo
Kunezinhlobo okungenani eziyisihlanu zama-radiation futhi zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili:
- Imishanguzo yezimbewu-ingunaphakade futhi yesikhashana-lapho i-radiation ifakwa khona ku-prostate
- I-Beam rayation-IMRT, i-SBRT kanye nokwelashwa kweproton-lapho i-radiation igxilile emzimbeni ukushaya i-prostate
Ngokuvamile, lezi zindlela ezimbili ezihlukene zihlangene. Kuze kube maduzane, ukucabanga ukuthi ukuphulukiswa kwamazinga kwakunjalo nazo zonke izindlela.
Le nkolelo ishintshile kusukela kushicilelwe ucwaningo olwenziwe kahle oluqhathanisa amazinga okuphulukiswa okuhlala isikhathi eside emisebeni yombhoshongo, kanye nembewu, ukuhambisa imisebe yedwa. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye ukwelashwa, amadoda aphathwe ngenhlanganisela yembewu kanye nemisebe ye-radium yanciphisa amaphesenti angama-20 engozini yokuphindaphinda uma kuqhathaniswa namadoda ayegcoba imisebe yodwa.
Ukuphindaphinda kwe-Cancer Prostate = Ukufa
Iningi lamdlavuza-amaphaphu, i-colon, ne-pancreatic isibonelo-uma ephindela ngemuva kokwelashwa, ibangela ukufa phakathi nonyaka noma amabili. Ngakho-ke, akumangalisi ukuthi igama elithi "umdlavuza" lishaya ukwesaba ezinhliziyweni zabantu. Kodwa abantu kudingeka baqaphele ukuthi ukufa okuseduze komdlavuza wesicathulo, ngisho nalapho kulandela ukuphathwa kokwelashwa kokuqala noma ukushiswa kwemisebe, cishe akuzwakala. Uma umuntu olashwa ngaphambili umdlavuza we-prostate uye ukuphindaphinda, okungukuthi, ukhulisa i-PSA ekhulayo emdlalweni obuyele emuva, isilinganiso sokuphila singaphezu kweminyaka engu-13.
Kunezizathu eziningi ezengeziwe zokuthi iziguli zibe nethemba. Ukuhamba kwenqubekelaphambili okufezwayo nobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha kuyashesha kakhulu. Ukuvimbela imithi kungase kube okuthakazelisayo kakhulu. Ukukhululwa okumangalisayo kukaMongameli uJimmy Carter okuvela emangqungqutheleni ye-melanoma yemetraseti eyenziwa ngesibindi nobuchopho, isibonelo samuva. Ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha zokwelashwa zingabhekisela futhi zihlasele izifo zamathambo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene kuwo wonke umzimba. Okokugcina, ukwelashwa okukhethiwe ngokwezakhi zofuzo ekugcineni kusebenza ngenxa yokuthola kalula okulula ukuhlaziywa okunembile kwezakhi zofuzo. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka. Ngakho-ke amadoda anesifo somdlavuza we-prostate anethemba langempela lokuningi, okuqhubekayo, ukuphumelela okubalulekile esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.