Ngokuhlolwa kwe-PSA, izimpawu ezinjengomdlavuza kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezingezona umdlavuza
I-Google igcina ithrekhi yalokho okuseshwa kakhulu. Njengoba umdlavuza we-prostate uvamile, akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abacwaninga ama-aches noma ubuhlungu "phansi" engxenyeni engezansi yesisu esisetshenziselwa " izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza we-prostate ."
Umbuzo ovame kakhulu ohlobene nomdlavuza wesi-prostate uwukuthi, "Yiziphi izimpawu?" Njengoba kunikezwe lokho okushicilelwe kuyi-intanethi, noma kunjalo, ucabanga ukuthi umdlavuza we-prostate unamabonakude ahlukahlukene : izinkinga ze-urinary, ubuhlungu, ubunzima bezocansi, ngisho nezinkinga zangemuva.
Iqiniso liwukuthi kule nkathi yanamuhla yokuhlolwa kwe-PSA, umdlavuza we-prostate awunazo izimpawu ! Umdlavuza we-prostate iyinqubo engacacile ngaphandle uma iqhubekela phambili kakhulu.
Ukuthola I-Cancer Prostate Nge-PSA Screenings
Manje ukuthi sinokuhlolwa kwe-PSA , kusho ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthi umdlavuza wesifo sofuba ongatholakali ungabangela ukungahambi kahle, izinkinga ze-urinary, ubunzima bokuzikhandla, noma ezinye izibonakaliso ezihlobene nomdlavuza wesicathulo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi amadoda angeke abe nezibonakaliso ze-prostate ezimbangela ezingenabangela , njenge- prostatitis , ukuvuvukala kwe-glandular, ukutheleleka kwamagciwane, noma izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi . Kodwa ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kungaqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiziphi izimpawu ezingase zibe khona zivela ezintweni ezingahlobene nomdlavuza wesicathulo.
I-cancer iyigama elesabekayo kangaka engizizwa ngiphoqelelwe ukuba nginakekele ukubika kwamanga kabanzi ukuthi umdlavuza wesi-prostate ubangela izimpawu. Ngakho-ke uma umdlavuza we-prostate uqinisekisiwe ukuthi awunayo izimpawu, ucabanga ukuthi i-PSA ihlolwe futhi isendaweni ejwayelekile, kungani amawebhusayithi enza uhlu olude lwezimpawu ezibangelwa umdlavuza we-prostate?
Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kunamaqiniso amaningi kangaka?
Ngokuyinhloko, lawa mawebhusayithi abuyele emuva esikhathini esithile, echaza isimo esasikhona ngaphambi kokuhlolwa kwe-PSA. Izimpawu abazibonayo, njengokubuhlungu kwethambo, ukuguquka kokuchama, ukukhathala, ubuhlungu be-pelvic, kubonakala kuphela emadodeni anezifo eziphambili. Lawa mawebhusayithi awavuma ukuthi amadoda anamazinga ajwayelekile we-PSA (ne-testosterone) akakwazi ukugcina izifo eziphambili.
Ngikhuluma nge- testosterone ngoba isimo esisodwa lapho umdlavuza we-prostate ungathuthuka ngenkathi i-PSA ihlala iphansi lapho amazinga e-testosterone nawo aphansi. Ukuba nezinga eliphawulekayo lokunciphisa i-testosterone, noma kunjalo, akuvamile. Futhi akudingekile ngisho nokuhlolwa kwegazi ukwazi ukuthi amazinga we-testosterone aphansi kangakanani. Izinga eliphansi kakhulu le-testosterone lenza ubuchopho bomuntu bube buncane kumuntu wesifazane. Uyeka ukunakekela ngocansi ngokuphelele. Ukunyamalala ngokuphelele kwe-libido kuthola kalula ukunakekelwa komuntu futhi kumenze afune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ukuthola ukuthi kwenzekani.
Njengoba ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kususa cishe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kutholakala umdlavuza we-prostate ophambili, ake sibuyekeze inqubo yokusebenza evamile yokuhlolwa okuhle. Umngcele we-PSA "ongavamile" uhluka, kodwa ngokuvamile iPSA engaphezulu kuka-4.0 emadodeni angaphezu kuka-60 kufanele uhlolwe kabanzi. Amadoda abasha abamazinga abo e-PSA angaphezu kuka-2.5 kufanele futhi aphinde ahlolwe.
Esimweni sami, ngisebenza njengesifo somdlavuza we-prostate, kunzima ukukholelwa ukuthi amadoda angaphezu kuka-40 anqamula ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA yonyaka. Ngokumangalisayo, izibalo zibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi amadoda amaningi enza iphutha lokungahlolisisi njalo i-PSA yabo.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuyindlela ewusizo kuphela yokuthola umdlavuza wesi-prostate ekuqaleni kwesigaba (umunwe wokuhlolwa kwe-rectum unenani elithile, kodwa hhayi okuningi).
Amantongomane nama-Bolts we-PSA Screening
Ngaphambi kokuvunywa kuka-FDA kokuhlolwa kwe-PSA ngo-1987 (kanye ne-prostate biopsy ngonyaka ofanayo), ukuziphatha komdlavuza wesandulela ngculazi kwakungenasimanga. Manje, odokotela bathola futhi balinganisela umdlavuza we-prostate esandulela ekuqaleni.
Ezinye izinqubomgomo ze-PSA ngaphandle kwe-Screening
Ukudideka mayelana ne-PSA kungavela ngoba kungasetshenziswa kwezinye izinhloso ngaphandle kokuhlola. Ukuhlola kuyinto indima ejwayele kakhulu futhi kuyinto enkulu.
Kutholakala amadoda angaphezu kuka-200 000 ngonyaka ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwe- PSA . Noma kunjalo, kunezinye izinsiza. Isibonelo esisodwa ukuthi i-PSA isisiza kanjani ukuchaza isiteleka somdlavuza ngemva kokuba umdlavuza wesifo sofuba utholakale. Emadodeni anomdlavuza i-PSA izinga elingaphansi kwe-10 lihlotshaniswa nohlobo oluthe xaxa lwe- indolent yomdlavuza wesicathulo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga le-PSA elingaphezu kuka-20 luyisici sohlobo olunomlutha wesifo somdlavuza wesicathulo. I-PSA nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekuqaphelweni komdlavuza ukuze inqume ukusebenza kwezokwelapha ezihlukahlukene.
Ukuphikisana Ngokusebenzisa i-PSA ye-Prostate Cancer Screening
Ukuxilongwa okubambezelekile komdlavuza wesifo sofuba kwandisa ithuba lomdlavuza osakazekayo. Ngabe-ke, ubani ongaphikisana nokuhlolwa kwe-PSA? Ingabe ukuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza kungakalungi? Okumangalisa ukuthi isipiliyoni sibonisile i-PSA empeleni engaboni kahle, okuholela ekuhloleni okungadingekile kwamadoda angama-100 000 ngonyaka abanomdlavuza ongenakulimala okusemthethweni ukuthi basengozini yokusabalalisa.
Lokhu bekungeke kube yinkinga uma uhlelo lwezokwelapha lukulungele ukuqapha lezi zomshukela ezingenangqondo. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yalezi zinhlayiyana ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi "umdlavuza," odokotela neziguli ngokufanayo baphatha kabi futhi basheshe baphathe ukwelashwa okungadingekile, befaka izinkinga ezimbi ngokusebenza kobulili nokuvuthwa.
Eqinisweni, umdlavuza we-prostate ongenakonakala uye waba yinkinga enjalo kangangokuba ngonyaka ka-2011, iqembu elixhaswe nguhulumeni, i- US Preventative Services Task Force , lanikeze isixwayiso esibucayi sincoma ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwesimo se-PSA kufanele kuphele. Leli qembu laphetha ngokuthi izindleko ezimbi zamadoda amaningi akalonywe ukwelashwa okungadingekile okungaphezu kwenzuzo yezimpilo ezilondolozwe ngokutholwa kokuqala. Odokotela abaningi ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko baye bathatha izincomo zalokhu kuhulumeni futhi banquma ukuyeka ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA yonyaka njalo ngoba bakholelwa ukuthi kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle.
I-Multi-Parametric MRI Scans: Insindiso ye-PSA Screening
Esikhundleni sokumisa ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA, kunendlela engcono kakhulu yokunciphisa ukwedlula ngokweqile. Ngenkathi i-PSA ephakanyisiwe ibonisa ukuthi kukhona into enhle ne-prostate, ayikhombisi ngokuqondile ukuthi inkinga ihlobene nomdlavuza. Ezinye izimbangela zokuphakama kwe-PSA ngaphandle komdlavuza yi-prostate yokwandiswa ngenxa yokuguga, okuthiwa i-benign prostatic hypertrophy, nokuvuvukala kwesifo se-prostate, okuthiwa i-prostatitis. Ayikho yalezi zimo ezihlobene nomdlavuza we-prostate.
I-PSA Ukukhuphuka KwamaGlands Ama-Prostate amakhulu
Izithobezi ezinkulu ze- prostate zikhiqiza i-PSA ngaphezulu kunezingqimba ezincane zesifo se-prostate. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokukala usayizi we-prostate ngokusebenzisa ukuskena. Ukuthola i-gland eyinhloko kungaba izindaba ezinhle, unikeze incazelo enobungozi futhi eqinisekisayo yokuthi kungani iPSA iphakeme. I-PSA "evamile" uma ubukhulu be-prostate ngamasentimitha angu-cubic cishe izikhathi ezingu-10 kune-PSA.
Isibonelo, indoda enePSA yabathathu kufanele ibe ne-30cc prostate; lapho i-PSA ingu-5 ugandane kumele ube ngu-50cc. I-PSA ayifani nje kuphela uma iphakama ngamaphesenti angu-50 kunalindeleke, ngokusayizi we-prostate. Isibonelo, i-PSA "engavamile" yendoda ene-30cc prostate ingu-4.5 noma ngenhla. I-PSA engavamile ye-50cc prostate ingaphezulu kwe-7.5. Kumuntu onesisindo esingu- 100cc , i-PSA izodinga ukuba ibe ngaphezu kuka-15 ukuba isolise.
Kuze kube yamuva, indlela ewukuphela kokuhlunga kuzo zonke lezi zindlela kwakuwukufaka izikhwama ze-prostate izikhathi ezingu-12 nge-biopsy yenaliti ukuze ususe ama-tishu we-tissue ukuhlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope. Ngenxa yokwesaba okukhulu komdlavuza olahlekile, odokotela abaningi baye batusa i-biopsy engahleliwe nganoma yisiphi isikhathi i-PSA ikhishwe kancane. Amadoda ayizigidi ahlelwe e-United States njalo ngonyaka. Lokhu kuziphatha okunesihluku mhlawumbe kwakufanelekile uma i-biopsy yindlela kuphela yokuthola umdlavuza.
Manje sesiyazi ukuthi ukuhlola okusebenzisa i-multi-parametric imaging resonance imaging (MP-MRI) inembile kakhulu. Ubuhle bokusebenzisa ukuskena yilokho kuphela amadoda afana nokungajwayelekile okusolakala okutholakala yi-MRI adinga ukuthi abe ne- biopsy . Futhi okubalulekile, i-biopsy ingabhekiswa. Kudingeka eyodwa noma amabili amakhoreshi. Awusaphinde udoba ngokusebenzisa lonke i-gland enezinsipho ezingahleliwe zezinaliti! Amadoda anezicucu ezicacile angawagwema ngokuphelele i-biopsy. Ukushintsha inqubomgomo kusuka ku-biopsy engahleliwe kuya ku-MP-MRI ixazulula inkinga yokuxilongwa ngokweqile kwamadoda anePSA ephezulu.
Iprojekthi Ephakanyisiwe Ye-Screening PSA
Kunengqondo ukuqala ukuhlola i-PSA minyaka yonke emadodeni angaphezu kweminyaka engama-45. Amadoda anomlando womndeni wesifo somdlavuza we-prostate noma amadoda ase-Afrika-aseMelika kufanele aqale ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke eneminyaka engama-40. Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-75 aphile kahle kufanele aqhubeke nokuhlolwa .
Ngakho, yiliphi izinga le-PSA okufanele liholele ekwenzeni ukuskena? Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, amadoda amancane anezinhlayiya ezincane zesifo se-prostate (ubukhulu be-prostate bungalinganiswa cishe nodokotela okwenziwe ukuhlolwa komunwe) kufanele ucabange ukwenza ukuskena uma i-PSA ingaphezu kuka-2.5. Kumuntu osekhulile, ikakhulukazi uma i-prostate gland njengoba kunqunywe ukuhlolwa komunwe kuyinkulu, i-PSA ngaphezu kwe-4.0 iyinsika efanele yokuthola i-imaging (uma i-nodule ibonakala, ukuskena okunye kuqinisekisiwe ngisho noma i-PSA ingavamile). Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwe-PSA kuye kwadlulela kakhulu amaphupho asendle kakhulu kunazo zonke odokotela abazitholile. Njengeyiphi ithuluzi elinamandla, noma kunjalo, ukusebenzisa kabi kabi kungaholela ekweqeleni nokulimala okungadingekile.
Lonke ulwazi olungalungile kwi-intanethi lusho ukuthi zonke izinhlungu, ubuhlungu, noma inkinga eseduze ne-prostate ingabangelwa umdlavuza. Iqiniso lokuthi umbuzo ovame ukwenziwa njalo ohlobene nomdlavuza wesicathulo ukhuluma ngempawu zomdlavuza we-prostate kubonisa ukuthi umphakathi uholelwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokukhathazeka okungadingekile. Yazi lokhu: Uma nje i-PSA isendaweni ejwayelekile, amadoda angaqiniseka ukuthi noma yiziphi izimpawu ezihlobene ne-prostate ezibhekene nazo kufanele zivela ezintweni ezingahlobene nomdlavuza. Ukuhlolwa kwe-PSA kuthola umdlavuza wesandulela ngculazi kusenesikhathi, ngakho ngokuqiniseka ukuthi uma i-PSA ingavamile, umuntu angaqiniseka ukuthi noma yiziphi izimpawu ezihlobene ne-prostate ngenxa yezizathu ezithile.