Imithi yokuhlola noma yophenyo imithi esetshenziselwa indlela yokuhlola noma yokuphenya. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bafundiswa futhi bahlolwe ukuze babone ukuthi basebenze kahle kangakanani nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela emibi abangayibangela. Kodwa yini okudingeka ukwazi uma ucabangela umuthi wokuhlola? Ubani ongelashwa nale mithi futhi yiziphi izinzuzo nezingozi zalezi zindlela zokwelashwa?
Sibutsetelo
Isidakamizwa sokuhlola umuthi oye wahlola ukuhlolwa kokuqala ebhodini (futhi ngokuvamile ezilwaneni) ukuze unikezwe kubantu kodwa engakaze yamukelwe yi-FDA (Ukudla Nezidakamizwa Zokuphatha).
Lezi zidakamizwa nazo ziyaziwa ngokuthi "izidakamizwa zokuphenya." Njengoba zingakavunyelwa yi-FDA, azikwazi ukudayiswa ngokomthetho futhi zithengiswe. Ngaphandle kwezimbalwa ezimbalwa, njengokufinyelela okwandisiwe kanye nokuhlukile okukhethekile (ukusetshenziswa komusa ), indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuhlola ukubamba iqhaza esivivinyweni somtholampilo usebenzisa imithi.
Kungaba ukwesaba ekuqaleni uma udokotela wakho uncoma isidakamizwa esichazwa ngokuthi "ukuhlolwa," kepha ukuqonda ukuthi kusho ukuthini lokhu, futhi nokuthola uhlu lwemibuzo okufanele uyibuze, kuyasiza kakhulu. Kunganciphisa nokwesaba kwakho ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kunezinkolelo eziningi mayelana nokuvivinywa komtholampilo kodwa yonke imithi esinayo evunyiwe yabuye yahlolwa njengomuthi wokuhlola.
Izigaba ezihlukahlukene zezidakamizwa zokuhlola
Akuzona zonke izidakamizwa zokuhlola eziye zahlolwa ngezinga elifanayo. Ezinye seziqala ukusetshenziselwa abantu, kanti ezinye zisetshenziselwe ubude obukhulu besikhathi futhi zisondela ku-FDA imvume. Izigaba ezihlukene zokuhlolwa kweemitholampilo zinenhloso ehlukene futhi ziyahlukahluka kwinani labantu abaphathwayo.
Ngaphambi kokuba izidakamizwa zivivinywe kubantu, ngokuvamile zivivinywa ngamangqamuzana omdlavuza noma ezinye izicubu ebhodini, kanye nasezilwaneni zelabhutri. Izifundo zokuqala ezenziwa kubantu yizilingo zesigaba 1 . Kukhona abantu abambalwa kulezi zivivinyo. Inhloso yalezi zivivinyo zokuqala ukuhlolisisa ukuthi imithi yokuhlola iphephile yini kubantu futhi ikwazi ukuthola ukuthi ingakanani idoti elifanele kakhulu.
Izinga elilandelayo lokuhlola livivinyo lesi-2. Lezi zivivinyo zibandakanya abantu abaningi futhi zisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe imithi iphumelele yini noma cha. Njengoba inani elikhulu labantu likhona kulezi zifundo, ulwazi oluthe xaxa luphinde luzuzwe ngokuphepha.
Isigaba sokugcina socwaningo ngaphambi kokugunyazwa kwe-FDA yisilingo sesigaba sesi-3. Ngenkathi iphinda ihlola ukuphepha, lezi zilingo zenziwa ukuze ubone ukuthi imithi emisha iphumelela yini kunezokwelapha okwamanje ezitholakalayo noma uma iphumelela kodwa inezimbangela ezimbalwa kunezinye izidakamizwa ezitholakalayo.
Ubani Ongasebenzisa Izidakamizwa Zokuhlola?
Ngendlela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuhlola ukubhalisa nokuhlanganyela ekuhlolweni komtholampilo okutadisha izidakamizwa. Ukungena kwecala lomtholampilo kumele ugcwalise uhlu lokuhlola lwezinqubo ezichazwe abacwaningi abenza uvumelekile. Lezi zindlela zingabandakanya izinto ezifana nobulili, ubudala, isimo sokusebenza , nokuningi, ngakho-ke akuwona wonke umuntu ongazuza uyovunyelwa kulesi sivivinyo.
Izidakamizwa ngezikhathi ezithile zingatholakala ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwemitholampilo, kodwa kufanele kube nemigomo ecacile kakhulu ukuze kulungele ukusetshenziswa. Lokhu kufaka:
- Ukwelashwa okujwayelekile kwesimo sakho kufanele kuphumelele.
- Ngeke uvumeleke ukuba uhlanganyele ekuvivinyweni kokwelashwa ukuphenya lesi sidakamizwa.
- Akumele kube khona ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa ezitholakalayo.
- Isidakamizwa kumele sibonise umsebenzi othile ngokumelene nomdlavuza wakho ekufundeni kuze kube yimanje.
- Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa kumele ziqede noma yiziphi izingozi ezilindeleke zokusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho:
- Kufanele kube khona ubufakazi bokuthi lesi sidakamizwa siyoba yinzuzo kuwe.
- Isidakamizwa kumele sikwazi ukunikezwa ngokuphepha ngaphandle kweprotocol yesilingo somtholampilo.
- Kumele kube khona ukutholakala okwanele kwesidakamizwa esitholakalayo kulabo bantu abayingxenye yezivivinyo eziqhubekayo zomtholampilo.
Ubuhle nobubi
Kunezinzuzo eziningana kanye nokungahleleki kokusebenzisa imithi yokuhlola. Abantu abaningi bakuthola kuwusizo ukuluhlula lokhu ephepheni ukuze bakwazi ukulinganisa izinketho zabo ngokucophelela. Izinzuzo nezingozi zihlanganisa:
Izinzuzo:
- Isidakamizwa sokuhlola singakunikeza ithuba lokuphatha umdlavuza lapho ezinye izifo zihlulekile.
- Imithi ingase ibe nezinzuzo ezitholakalayo zamanje.
- Abacwaningi bangathola ulwazi olubalulekile ngomuthi ongasiza abanye esikhathini esizayo.
- Abantu abaningi abanikezwa izidakamizwa zokuhlola njengengxenye yesilingo somtholampilo balandelwa eduze neqembu lezokwelapha.
- Izidakamizwa ezibhekwa njengokuphenya ngokuvamile zikhokhwa abantu abathintekayo esilingo.
Izinkinga:
- Isidakamizwa singaba nomphumela omubi ( ukusabela okubi ) abacwaningi abangakatholi.
- Isidakamizwa angeke sikusize ngokuqondile.
- Uma isifundo sivivinyo esilawulwa yi-placebo, kungenzeka ukuthi awukwazi ukuthi uthola isidakamizwa sokuhlola noma i-placebo (inothi: abacwaningi bazokwazisa ukuthi lokhu kungenzeka). Ngomdlavuza womtholampilo i-placebo isetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi imishanguzo emisha ngokuvamile ifaniswa nemithi edala "yokunakekelwa". Lokho kusho ukuthi uzothola noma izidakamizwa zokuhlola noma izidakamizwa ezikhethiwe ezikhethiwe zokuqala zomdlavuza wakho.
- Ukusebenzisa lesi sidakamizwa kungase kuqede amathuba akho okusebenzisa olunye ukwelashwa noma uhlanganyele kwelinye isilingo somtholampilo.
Imibuzo Yokubuza Uma Ucabanga Ngemithi Yezobuchwepheshe
Kuwusizo ukuletha uhlu lwemibuzo ukubuza abacwaningi uma ucubungula ukuhlolwa kwekliniki, futhi uthathe amanothi ngenkathi uxoxisana. Imibuzo yokubuza ingafaka:
- Ngingazuza kanjani lesi sidakamizwa?
- Imiphi imiphumela emibi engingayilindela?
- Ubani okhokhela izidakamizwa nanoma yikuphi ukuhlolwa okuhlobene nokulandelwa?
- Uma nginquma ukumisa lesi sidakamizwa, kuzokwenzekani (kokubili ngokwenyama nangokuqondene nokuthatha ingxenye evivinyo lomtholampilo?)
- Ngizothatha isikhathi esingakanani umuthi, futhi ucwaningo luzothatha isikhathi esingakanani?
- Ngabe ngidinga ukuthi ngibe esibhedlela, noma ingabe ukwelashwa kungenziwa njengesiphili?
- Ngizokwazi kanjani ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza?
- Ubani okufanele ngibize uma nginemibuzo ngenkathi ngithatha isidakamizwa?
- Ukhona yini oye wathatha lesi sidakamizwa engikwazi ukukhuluma kuso?
Izivivinyo Zomtholampilo Nokwamukelwa Kwemvume
Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa imithi yokuhlola, udokotela wakho uzokugcwalisa ifomu lokuvuma . Lezi zifana namafomu abantu abhalisa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa futhi bakhombise ukuthi uqaphela izingozi ezihlobene nomuthi.
Imithombo:
> National Cancer Institute. Ukufinyelela kwezidakamizwa zokuphenya.
> National Cancer Institute. Yiziphi izilingo zomtholampilo?