Izinto Eziningi Okufanele Uzazi Ngezifo Zamasosha Ezigulayo

Isifo se-sickle isifo esingazuza njengefa le- anemia lapho amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ehlala khona isikhathi eside futhi ekhomba, afana nesimo sebhanana. Ithinta abantu abangaba ngu-100 000 e-United States nezigidi emhlabeni wonke. E-US kwenzeka ngo-365 kwabazali abangu-365 base-Afrika nabamaMelika futhi abangavamile kakhulu ekuzalweni kwe-Hispanic naseMelika. Nakuba isifo se-sickle cell akuyona isimo esiyinqaba kakhulu, kunamaqiniso athile awaziwayo kanye nemicabango engalungile wonke umuntu okufanele azi.

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Kungenzeka Kuphi Uhlanga noma Iqembu Elizwe

Nakuba isifo se-sickle cell sekuyisikhathi eside sihlotshaniswa nabantu besizwe sase-Afrika, singatholakala ezinhlotsheni eziningi nezinhlanga, kuhlanganise iSpanishi, iBrazil, Indian, kanye neCaucasia. Ngenxa yalokhu, zonke izingane ezizalwe e-United States ziyahlolwa ngalesi simo.

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Isifo Esizuzwayo

Isifo segciwane lesilonda asithathelisi njengomkhuhlane. Abantu bazalwa nabo noma abangekho. Uma uzalwa ngesifo se-sickle cell bobabili abazali bakho banekhwalithi ye-sickle cell (noma umzali oyedwa ophethe i-sickle cell trait kanye nomunye onomunye umphumela we-hemoglobin). Abantu abanesici se-sickle cell abakwazi ukuthuthukisa isifo se-sickle cell.

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Utholwe ekuzalweni

E-United States, wonke umntwana uhlolwe isifo se-sickle cell. Lokhu yingxenye yeskrini esanda kuzalwa esenziwa ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Abanye abantu bangase babhekisele kulokhu njengokuhlolwa kwe-PKU. Ukubona izingane ezinegciwane lesifo se-sickle cell zisencane zingavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

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Ukuxhumeka Phakathi Kokuziphatha Kwamaselula E-Sickle kanye ne-Malaria

Abantu abanesici se-sickle cell bangatholakala kakhulu ezindaweni zomhlaba ezine-malaria. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzila wesilwane we-sickle ungavikela umuntu ukuthi angenwe yisifo sengculaza. Lokhu akusho ukuthi umuntu ophethe i-sickle cell trait akakwazi ukutheleleka nge-malaria, kodwa ajwayelekile kakhulu kunomuntu ngaphandle kwekhwalithi ye-sickle cell.

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Akuzona Zonke Izinto Ezidalwa Ezilinganayo

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zesifo se-sickle cell ezihluka ngobunzima. I-Hemoglobin SS (futhi uhlobo oluvame kakhulu) kanye ne-sickle beta zero yizona ezinzima kakhulu ezilandelwa i-hemoglobin SC ne-sickle beta kanye ne-thalassemia.

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Okungeyona Inhlungu Nje

Kukhona okuningi kunesifo se-sickle cell kunezingxabano ezibuhlungu nje. Isifo se-sickle cell yisifo sezingqamuzana zegazi ezibomvu, ezinika umoya-mpilo kuzo zonke izitho. Ngenxa yokuthi isifo segilane segilane senziwa egazini, yonke isitho emzimbeni ingathinteka. Iziguli ezine-SCD zisengozini yokushaywa isifo, isifo se-eye, izigulane, izifo ezimbi kakhulu ze-bacterial, kanye ne-anemia, ukubiza amagama ambalwa.

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Izingane ezisengozini yokushaya isisu

Nakuba bonke abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell basengozini yokushaywa yisifo, izingane ezinegciwane lesifo se-sickle seliba nengozi enkulu kakhulu kunezingane ezingenayo isifo se-sickle cell. Ngenxa yengozi, odokotela abaphatha izingane ngegciwane lesifo segciwane basebenzisa i-ultrasound yobuchopho ukuhlola futhi banqume ukuthi ubani osemngciphekweni omkhulu wokushaya isisu futhi uqale ukwelashwa ukuvimbela le nkinga.

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I-Antibiotic Simple Changes Ukuphila Okulindelwe

I-penicillin yama-antibiotic isindisa ukuphila. Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell basengozini enkulu yokwelashwa okukhulu kwebhaktheriya. Ukuqala i-penicillin kabili ngosuku ngoba iminyaka emihlanu yokuqala yokuphila ishintshile inkambo yalesi simo kusuka kokunye okubonwayo ezinganeni zibe yisimo abantu abahlala kuzo kubantu abadala.

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Ukwelashwa Kuyatholakala

Kuningi imithi yokwelashwa yokwelapha isifo se-sickle cell. Namuhla, ukumpontshelwa igazi nomuthi okuthiwa i- hydroxyurea bashintsha izimpilo zabantu abanegciwane le-sickle cell. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zivumela abantu abanegciwane lesifo se-sickle ukuba baphile impilo ende futhi banezinkinga ezimbalwa. Izifundo eziningi zocwaningo ziyaqhubeka ukuthola izinketho zokwelapha ezengeziwe.

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Kukhona Ukwelashwa

Umswakama we-bone (obizwa ngokuthi i-stem cell) ukuguqulwa kwesifo kuphela. Impumelelo engcono kakhulu ivela kubaxhasi abanezihlobo zabo ezenziwe ngezakhi zofuzo ezihambisana nomuntu onesifo se-sickle cell. Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlobo zabanikeli, njengabantu abangathintana nabo noma abazali, zisetshenziselwa kodwa ikakhulukazi ezifundweni zokwenza ucwaningo. Eminyakeni ezayo, ukwelashwa kwegciwane kubonakala njengokwelapha okuthembisayo.

Uma wena noma ilungu lomndeni wakho unesifo se-sickle cell, kubalulekile ukuba ulandele njalo odokotela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kuze kube yimanje ukunakekelwa kunikeziwe.

> Umthombo:
I-National Heart, Lung, ne-Blood Institute. Ukuphathwa okusekelwe ebufakazini beSickle Cell Disease: Umbiko wePhaneli wochwepheshe, 2014.