Indlela Eyisisekelo Eyisayensi Yokunciphisa Ingozi Yomuntu
Nakuba umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungenye yezokwelapha ezibuhlungu kakhulu owesifazane angakwazi ukubhekana nazo, ukuthuthukiswa ekuhlolweni nasekuvimbeleni sekuqale ukuguqula izinto. Ukutholakala kokuqala kusinikeze izindlela zokubamba umdlavuza ngenkathi usalashwa, kanti imithi kanye nokunye ukungenelela kungcono ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo kuqala.
Sibutsetelo
Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho ungumonakalo ongasongela ukuphila kuhilela umlomo wesibeletho . Umlomo wesibeletho ukhona engxenyeni ephansi kakhulu yesibeletho (ngezinye izikhathi okuthiwa i-uterine cervix) futhi uxhuma ingxenye engenhla yesibeletho ngesisu.
Umdlavuza womlomo wesibeletho wawungomunye wababulali abavamile kakhulu e-US Eminyakeni yamuva, izinombolo ziye zawa ngokuphawulekayo ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe be-Pap smear. Kodwa naphezu kwale ntuthuko, abesifazane abangaba ngu-9 000 basabonwa ukuthi banekhanshi yomlomo wesibeletho minyaka yonke, okwaholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaphezu kuka-4 000.
Nakuba singasazazi izindlela eziqondile ezidala umdlavuza, siyazi ukuthi izinto eziningana zingandisa ingozi. Omkhulu phakathi kwabo yi-papillomavirus yomuntu (HPV), igciwane lesandulela ngculazi elixhunyaniswe nazo zonke izimo zomdlavuza wesibeletho, kanye namaphesenti angu-92 wegciwane lesandulela ngculazi.
I-Pap Screenings
I-Pap smear ingenye yezindlela zokuzivikela ezingcono kakhulu, zokuqala zokulwa nomdlavuza wesibeletho.
Lezi zindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuhlola zingabona iningi lezinguquko zomlomo wesibeletho ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa komdlavuza, okuvumela ukwelashwa kwangaphambili lapho amazinga okuphumelela ephakeme.
I-Pap smear ivame ukuphakanyiswa okungenani yonke iminyaka emithathu (noma yonke emihlanu uma ihlanganiswa nokuhlolwa kwe-HPV).
Izincomo zihlukahluka ngobudala ngokusekelwe emihlahlandlela evela ku-American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG).
I-Pap smear engavamile ijwayelekile, okusho ukuthi unomdlavuza noma ngisho nesimo sokuqala komdlavuza. Kukhona noma yiziphi izizathu zokufunda okungavamile, eziningi zazo azihlangene nhlobo nomdlavuza. Ekugcineni, ukuhlolwa kuthola kuphela ukungalungi ngobukhulu, ukuma, nokuhlelwa kwamaseli omlomo wesibeletho (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-cervical dysplasia).
Nakuba lokhu kungase kusiphakamise inkinga, kungase kungasho lutho. Khuluma nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuqonda kangcono kokuhlolwa kwakho kanye nesigama samagama ama-Pap smears angavamile .
Uma ngabe ube ne-dysplasia futhi uphathwa, kuzomele uhlolwe njalo (kwezinye izimo nge-Pap smear nokuhlolwa kwe-colposcopic ).
I-HPV Ukugonywa
Uma uneminyaka ephakathi kuka-9 no-26, ungase uthande ukucabangela ngokucophelela ukuthola umgomo we-HPV.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene zokugoma ezihlose ukuvimbela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinkinga ze-HPV ezihlobene nomdlavuza. Akudingeki ukuba ube intombi ukuthola isibhamu . futhi ungakwazi ngisho nokugonywa uma usulele ukutheleleka kwe-HPV. Umshuwalense wakho ungase uhlanganise izindleko zokugoma, ngokuvamile njengengxenye yezinzuzo zezempilo ezivimbelayo.
Izinketho zamanje zokugoma zihlanganisa:
- I-Gardisil, evimbela ukucindezeleka kwe-HPV 6, 11, 16, no-18
- I-Cervarix, evikela nge-HPV 16 no-18
- I-Gardisil 9, evikela i-HPV 6, 11, 16, 31, 33, 45, 52, no-58
Imishanguzo ihlose ukukhomba lezo zinkinga ezibeka ingozi enkulu ekuthuthukiseni umdlavuza. Kulezi, ukutheleleka nge-HPV 16 no-18 kumelela amaphesenti angama-70 azo zonke izifo zomdlavuza wesibeletho (kanye namazinga aphakeme asemanzini anesilwane, amapenile, nekhanda nentamo). Amanye amaphesenti angu-20 ahlobene ne-HPV 31, 33, 34, 45, 52, no-58.
Izindlala ze-HPV ezinobungozi obuphansi azibangelwa umdlavuza kodwa zingabangela ekuthuthukisweni kwezingxabano zangasese .
I-HPV 6 no-11 yizinkinga ezimbili ezihlotshaniswa nalesi simo.
Ezinye izindlela zokuvimbela
Ekugcineni, kuthatha okungaphezu kwe-Pap smears ne-HPV yokugoma ukuvimbela umdlavuza wesibeletho. Abanye badinga izinguquko emikhuba nasekuziphatheni ukuze bangabi nengozi ephansi kuphela kepha ngcono impilo yonke.
Phakathi kwezincomo:
- Amacebo okuvimbela ulwazi olwenziwe ngokunciphisa inani labalingani bobulili kanye namakhondom asebenzise njalo . Ngenkathi amakhondomu engeyona indlela yokukhohliswa kwe-HPV, ahlinzeka ngesivinini esengeziwe sokuvikela. Ukuzigwema kuphela kungathembisa okuningi.
- Izinzuzo zokuyeka ugwayi zikhulu, okungenani okungenani ukunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wesibeletho. Kulabo besifazane abane-HPV 16, ukubhema kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwama-14 emdlalweni wesibeletho somlomo wesibeletho uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane abangenayo igciwane lesandulela ngculazi. Ukubhema kubonakala kukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo i-dysplasia yomlomo wesibeletho ngenkathi kuphazamisa ukuphendula komzimba wonke komuntu.
Izwi elivela
Umdlavuza wesibeletho namuhla isifo esihluke kakhulu kunalokho okwakuneminyaka engama-20 edlule. Manje sinezindlela zokunciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ingozi yomuntu siqu futhi ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokuqala kwesifo ngaphambi kokuba kube nokukhathazeka okukhulu kwezempilo.
Ngokuthatha indlela ephelele yokuvimbela - okubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-Pap, ukugoma kwe-HPV, ukulala kocansi okuphephile nokuyeka ukubhema - unganciphisa ngokuphawulekayo ingozi hhayi kuphela wena kodwa isizukulwane esilandelayo samantombazane nabesifazane abancane. Amathuluzi okuvimbela asesandleni sakho.
> Umthombo:
> National Cancer Institute. "Ukwelashwa Kwemdlavuza Yesibeletho (PDQ) - I-Health Professional Version." Izikhungo Zikazwelonke Zempilo; Bethesda, Maryland.