Izibalo Ngokubhema Nengculaza Yengculazi
Siyazi ukuthi ukubhema kubangela umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kubonakala ukuthi abanye abantu bayabhema impilo yabo yonke futhi bangalokothi bahlakulele umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ngakho-ke, yiliphi iphesenti lababhemayo ngempela elithola umdlavuza wamaphaphu? Ingozi yenzani uma ushiya?
Ukubhema ne-Cancer Cancer
Izibalo eziningi zibuka ingozi enkulu yomdlavuza wamaphaphu , ukuhlanganisa bobabili ababhema nalabo abangazange baphuze.
Ngokusekelwe kwizibalo zase-United States, ingozi yokuphila komuntu ukuthi iyoba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ingamaphesenti angu-6.4 noma omncane kunomuntu oyedwa kwabangu-15.
Ngokusobala, le nombolo ingabe iphakeme kulabo abaye baphuza futhi abaphansi kulabo abangenalo. Sinezifundo ezimbalwa eziphule lezi zinombolo phansi phakathi kokungabikho abokubhema, abokuqala ukubhema, nabokubhema bamanje, kodwa ukutadisha kwaseYurophu okudala kuka-2006 kwenza lokhu kwahlukaniswa. Kulolu cwaningo, ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kwakuyi:
- Amaphesenti angu-0.2 yamadoda angakaze aphuze; Amaphesenti angu-0.4 wabesifazane
- Amaphesenti angu-5.5 wabesilisa ababhemayo ngaphambili; Amaphesenti angu-2.6 kubantu besifazane
- Amaphesenti angu-15.9 wamanje abesilisa ababhemayo; Amaphesenti angu-9,5 kwabesifazane
- Amaphesenti angama-24.4 abesilisa ababhemayo "abanzi abanzi" bachazwa ukubhema okungaphezu kwamagwayi amahlanu ngosuku; Amaphesenti angu-18.5 kwabesifazane
Ukucwaninga kwasekuqaleni kweCanada kucaphuna ingozi yokuphila kwabasilisa ababhemayo ngamaphesenti angu-17.2 kanti amaphesenti angama-11,6 kwabesifazane ngokulingana namaphesenti angu-1.3 kuphela kubantu abangabhemi futhi amaphesenti angu-1.4 kwabesifazane abangewona obhemayo .
Isizathu Esiyinhloko Sokufa Kuhlobene Ne-Cancer
Ukuze uqondise kahle ukuthi kungani lo mbuzo ubaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile ukukhomba ukuthi ukubhema kuyimbangela ehamba phambili yokufa komdlavuza ephathelene namadoda nabesifazane e-United States. Ukubulawa komdlavuza owodwa kwabayisine ngenxa yomdlavuza wamaphaphu nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ubulala abantu abaningi kunomdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wesifo sofuba, nomdlavuza we-colon kuhlangene.
Kulezi zomshukela, kucatshangwa ukuthi okungenani amaphesenti angama-80 angabizwa ngokubhema. Kukhona amakhemikhali amaningana egwayi awaziwa ukuthi abangela umdlavuza nokuningi okubhekwa njengobuthi kubantu. Akuyona nje umdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zegciwane ezibangelwa ukubhema .
Futhi akuyona nje ukubhema leyo yinkinga, kucatshangwa ukuthi cishe abantu abangu-7300 bafa ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu unyaka ngamunye obangelwa umusi wesandla.
Ingozi ye-Cancer In People Who smoke
Kubonakala sengathi ekuqaleni kokuphila kwakho uqala ukubhema, kuphakamisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Ingozi yakho iphinde incike kwinani le- " iminyaka yepakethe " osuyibhema. Unyaka wepakethe inomboro ebalwa ngokuphindaphinda inani leminyaka izikhathi ezibhemayo inani lamaphakheji kagwayi abhema nsuku zonke.
Ukuyeka ukubhema kunciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu, kodwa kungathatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba ingozi yakho iyancipha. Uma uphelele isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhashana, ingozi yakho ngeke isifike engakaze ibheke. Kodwa, kusemqoka kakhulu umzamo wokuyeka. Abacwaningi babheka abantu base-Asia nase-Australia bathola ukuthi abantu banganciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angama-70 ngokuyeka ukubhema.
Ngokwesilinganiso esisodwa, indoda eneminyaka engu-68 ubudala eyayiphonsa amaphakethe amabili ngosuku ngeminyaka engu-50 (iminyaka eyi-100 yepakethe) yayinengozini engamaphesenti angu-15 okuthuthukisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo uma iqhubeka nokubhema.
Lo mngcipheko uzokwehla ku-10.8% uma eyeka ukubhema.
Ungase futhi uzibuze ukuthi ukusika kodwa ungayeki umthelela engozini. Kwesinye isifundo, kwafunyanwa ukuthi abantu ababhema ugwayi abangaphezu kuka-15 ngosuku bangase banciphise amathuba abo uma beka inani legwayi ababhema nsuku zonke. Olunye ucwaningo aluzange lube nomphumela omuhle mayelana nendlela yokusika futhi laphakamisa ukuthi ukuyeka konke kwakudingeka ukuletha umehluko omkhulu ebungozini.
I-Cancer Lung Kwabaningi Ababhemayo
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ayikho into evamile uma umuntu eyeka ukubhema.
Eqinisweni, cishe amaphesenti angu-80 abantu abahlakulela umdlavuza wamaphaphu namuhla ababhemayo; mhlawumbe abazange bapheme noma ngokuvamile bayeke ukubhema esikhathini esidlule (bangabokuqala ukubhema.)
Ukubikezela Ingozi
Nakuba kungenakwenzeka ukubikezela ukuthi ubani ozokwakha umdlavuza wamaphaphu, isikhungo se-Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Centre siye saqala Ithuluzi Lokuhlola Ingozi Ye-Cancer lapho ungakwazi khona ukubala ingozi yakho yokuqala yomdlavuza wamaphaphu eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo ngokususelwa eminyakeni yakho ubude ubuke noma uphelele.
Ithuluzi lenzelwe abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 no-75 ababhema ugwayi phakathi kuka-10 no-60 nsuku zonke isikhathi esingama-25 no-55. Ilandelwa umshwana wokuzihlangula okhumbuza abantu ukuthi ithuluzi liwukubikezela kuphela okusekelwe kwizibalo futhi akusho ukuthi othile uzokwazi noma ngeke akhe umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukuhlola
Kuze kube yamuva, kwakungakaze kube ukuhlolwa okuphumelelayo kokuhlolwa kwesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu. Abantu kwakudingeka bathembele ekuqaphelisweni kwezimpawu zokuqala zomdlavuza wamaphaphu benethemba lokuthola lesi sifo ezinyangeni zakuqala nezokuphathwa kakhulu zesifo.
Njengoba cishe isigamu sabantu sitholwa ukuthi umdlavuza wabo wamaphaphu usuvele usezigaba eziphambili, ulwazi lwezimpawu kuphela alwanele. Ngenjabulo-kwabanye abantu okungenani- Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-CT wamapayipi kuvunyelwe futhi, uma isetshenziswe ngokwemihlahlandlela, kunganciphisa ukufa komdlavuza wamaphaphu ngamaphesenti angu-20 e-United States.
Abantu abafanelekile ukuhlolwa bafaka nalabo aba:
- Kuphakathi kweminyaka engama-55 no-80
- Unomlando weminyaka engu-30 wepakethe yokubhema
- Qhubeka ukubhema noma ukuyeka ukubhema eminyakeni engu-15 edlule
- Kunesimweni esingokomzimba esinjalo sokuthi ukuhlinzwa kungenziwa uma kutholakala isisindo
Kukhona abanye abantu abangafisa ukuhlolwa. Isibonelo, labo abaye bahlushwa izidakamizwa ezibangela umdlavuza emsebenzini. Uma uzizwa ungengozini, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Ngisho noma ubhema, akuphuzi kakhulu ukwenza ezinye izinto ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu .
Izwi elivela
Uma ubhema noma usumile ungase uzizwe udangele. Kungase kusize ukubheka lezi zibalo ezivela ekhoneni elihlukile. Esikhundleni sokukhathazeka ukuthi ingozi yomdlavuza wamaphaphu ayanyamalala, kungenzeka ukuthi ugxile ekutheni iminyaka engu-10 emva kokushiya ingozi yakho ingxenye kuphela yalokho okwamanje.
Akukaze kube sekwephuzile ukuyeka. Ngisho nalabo abanomdlavuza, ukushiya kungenza umehluko. Ungase ube nesithakazelo ekuhloleni lezi zizathu zokuyeka ukubhema ngemuva kokuxilongwa komdlavuza .
Ngaphezu kokuyeka umkhuba, kunezinye izindlela onganciphisa amathuba akho okufa ngomdlavuza. Ukudla okunempilo, ukuphila okusebenzayo, nokuthola isihlungi uma ufanelekile kungasiza bonke.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nomdlavuza wokushisa nomaphaphu kusukela emlandweni wesifo, izindlela ezithile lapho ukubhema kungaholela emdlalweni wamaphaphu, nokuningi.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Imiphumela Yempilo Yokubhema. Kubuyekezwe 05/15/17. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/health_effects/effects_cig_smoking/
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ukubhema kanye neCanscer. Kubuyekezwe 01/23/17. https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/campaign/tips/diseases/cancer.html
> National Cancer Institute. Imiphumela Yokuphela Ye-Epidemiology. I-SEER Stat Fact Sheets Amashidi: I-Lung ne-Bronchus. 2017.