I-Sphincters iyingqayizivele, imisipha eyindilinga evula futhi ivalile izingxenye ezithile zomzimba. Ngokuvamile, isenzo se-sphincter ukulawula ukuhamba kohlobo oluthile lwamanzi aphuzi, njenge-bile, umchamo noma i-fecal.
Isenzo se-sphincters singase senzeke ngokungaqondile ngenqubo yesimiso esizimele noma singase sibe ngaphansi kokulawula okuzithandela ngokusebenzisa isimiso sezinzwa somatic.
Uma i-sphincter ilahlekelwa ithoni ye-muscle noma iphimbo eliningi kakhulu (i-spasticity), izimpawu kanye / noma ukugula kungalandela, njengokugcinwa kwe-urinary nesigqila kanye nokungahlambuluki kwe-fecal .
I-Digestive System Sphincters
I-Esphageal Sphincter ephezulu
I- sphincter ephezulu ye-esophageal (UES), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-inferior pharyngeal sphincter, ingatholakala ekupheleni kwe-pharanx, lapho ivikela ukungena kwendawo. I-UES iyakwazi ukuvimbela umoya ukuba ungene emgodini lapho siphefumula futhi sivimbele ukudla okungafunwa emaphepheni ethu okuphefumula. I-Becauese yendawo yayo, i-UES nayo idlala indima ekubholeni nasekuhlanza. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-UES, njengengxenye yesifo se-reflux ye-gastroesophageal , (GERD) kungabangela i-asidi ukuba ibuyele emphinjeni noma emoyeni.
I-Lower Esophageal Sphincter
I- esophageal sphincter (LES), eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sphincter yenhliziyo, itholakala ngaphansi kwesigameko lapho ihlangana khona nesisu.
Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ukuvumela ukudla kudlule kusukela ku-esophagus kuya esiswini, ukuvumela umoya ukuba ubalekele esiswini uma ugoqa, futhi uvimbele isisu esiswini ekuhlanzeni kuze kube yindawo. Ukungasebenzi kwe-LES kungenye yezimbangela ezinkulu ze-GERD.
I-Pyloric Sphincter
I-sphincter ye-pyloric itholakala phakathi kwesisu ne-duodenum, okuyingxenye yokuqala yomathumbu amancane .
I-sphincter ye-pyloric ivula ukuvumela ukudla okungenalutho (chyme) okudlulayo kusuka esiswini kuya kwi-duodenum ukuze kuqhubeke ukugaya nokumunca kwezakhi zomzimba emzimbeni.
Sphincter of Oddi
I-Sphincter ye-Oddi (SO) itholakala lapho i-biling ejwayelekile ye-bile ne-pancreatic duct ixhuma ku-duodenum. I-SO ivula ngemuva kokuthi sidle ukuze sivumele i-bile ku-gallbladder, ne-enzyme evela ku-pancreas, ukungena ku-duodenum ukuze kuphulwe izingxenye zokudla zokumuncwa emzimbeni. I-Sphincter ye-Oddi yokukhubazeka (i-SOD), isifo esingavamile kakhulu sezempilo, esingabangela iziqephu zobuhlungu esifubeni.
I-Ileocecal Sphincter
I-ileocecal sphincter itholakala lapho umathumbu omncane ne- instestine enkulu behlangana khona. Akukho okungaziwa kakhulu ngaleli sphincter, ngaphandle kokuthi kucatshangwa ukuthi kukhishwe i-chyme kusukela ekupheleni komathumbu omncane, (i-ileum) emathunjini amakhulu. I-ileocecal sphincter ingadlala indima ekuvimbeleni amabhaktheriya avela emathunjini amakhulu ukuba akhonze emathunjini amancane, isimo sempilo esibizwa ngokuthi ukukhukhulwa kwamagciwane amancane emathumbu .
Anal Sphincter
I- sphincter eyisikhombisa itholakala ekupheleni kwe-rectum, ngakho-ke ekugcineni kwegciwane lokugaya.
I-sphinter edala ilawula inqubo yokukhishwa kwesitokisi. Iqukethe ingxenye engaphakathi nangaphandle. I-sphincter yangaphakathi ingaphansi kokulawula okuzimele (futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivimbela isisindo ekuphumeni), kanti i-sphincter yangaphandle iningi ngaphansi kokulawula okuzithandela, ngaleyo ndlela ivumela ukunyakaza kwamathumbu. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-sphincter yangasese kungabangela ukuvuza kwe-stool, isimo sempilo esibizwa ngokuthi ukungena kwe-fecal incontinence .
Amanye ama-Sphincters
I-urethral sphincter: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-sphincter urethrae, le sphincter ilawula ukubamba nokukhishwa komchamo. Njenge-sphincter eyisikhombisa, i-sphincter ye-urethral inemisipha yomzimba yangaphakathi nangaphandle, ngokulandelana ngokuyinhloko ngaphansi kokulawula okuzimele nokuzithandela.
Iris sphincter: Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-pupillary sphincter noma i-sphincter pupillae. Le sphincter ilawula ukuvalwa komfundi esweni.
Umthombo:
I-Minocha, A. & Adamec, C. (2011) I-Encyclopedia of the Digestive System kanye ne-Digestive Disorders (2nd Ed.) ENew York: Amaqiniso kufayela.
"I-Esphageal Sphincter Ephezulu" I- Motor Operation ye-Pharynx, i-Esophagus, ne-Sphincters yayo. Ibhuku lokucaphuna ku-PubMed.