I-Neurotypical Versus evamile
Igama elithi "neurotypical" liyinto entsha, kodwa liya ngokuya lithandwa ezikoleni, kwizingqungquthela ze-autism nezenzakalo, nakumahhovisi abahlinzeki. Ayikho incazelo ephelele yezokwelapha noma yengqondo. Akuchazi ubuntu obuthile, ukuziphatha noma isethi yamakhono. Incazelo ingachazwa kokubili okungalungile nombono omuhle:
- Abantu abanesifo sengqondo yibo bantu abangenaso ukuxilongwa nge-autism noma noma yikuphi okunye ukuqonda noma ukuthuthukiswa okuhlukile.
- Umuntu "we-neurotypical" ungumuntu ozicabangayo, owaziyo, futhi oziphatha ngezindlela ezibhekwa njengokuthi "zivamile" ngabantu abaningi.
Yini "Ejwayelekile?"
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi azikho izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa noma zezingqondo ezitholakale, ngakho-ke zizocaciswa njengezinzwa ze-neurotypical. Kodwa kukhona ukungafani okuphawulekayo phakathi "okuvamile," nokuthi "akutholakalanga." Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho mqondo oqinile, owaziwa yonke indawo "ovamile."
Eqinisweni, imiqondo "evamile" kanye nokuziphatha kuyahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi isiko, ubulili, isimo, izinga lezenhlalo, nezinye izinto eziningi. Kwamanye amasiko, isibonelo, ukuxhumana kwamehlo okulindelekile kulindeleke; kwabanye, kubhekwa njengesihluku. Kwamanye amasiko, ukuxhumana ngokomzimba nabantu abangaziwayo kubhekwa njengokwejwayelekile kanti kwabanye kubhekwa njengokungaqondakali nokukhipha.
Okunye ukungalingani kokuziphatha, ngenkathi kungesona umphumela wenkinga yentuthuko noma yengqondo, kungabangela ukuphazamiseka. Isibonelo, abantu be-LGBT bangase bazithole bangaphandle kwamaqembu amaningi ezenhlalakahle ngaphandle kokuba nezinselele zezinzwa zokubhekana nazo. Kunjalo namalungu ezinkolo ezithile.
Ama-neurotypicals ku-Context of Neurodiversity
Ukunyakaza kwe-neurodiversity kwakhelwe kulo mqondo wokuthi umehluko wokuthuthukiswa okufana ne-autism ne-ADHD akuzona izifo okufanele ziphathwe kodwa umehluko kufanele uhlonishwe . Amalungu okunyakaza kwe-neurodiversity ngokuvamile aphikisana nomqondo wokuthola ukwelashwa kwe-autism.
Ngonyaka ka-2014, igama elithi "neurotypical" lase liye lavamile ukuba libe isihloko se-documentary ye-PBS equkethe abantu be-autistic echaza imibono yabo ngokwayo ngokuhlobene nomphakathi "ovamile": Ngezemihlaba yeVilet eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, intsha yaseNicholas kanye nomama no-Paula abaneminyaka ephakathi, kanye nokuxoxisana okuvusa amadlingozi nezinye i-autistics, le filimu ilandisa ngezinselelo ababhekana nazo phakathi kwabantu "abajwayelekile" - abaningi babo ababiza ngokuthi "ama-neurotypicals."
Umqondo we-neurodiversity uyingxabano. Abazali abaningi bezingane ze-autistic banomuzwa wokuthi i-autism, ngempela, isifo esizogwema futhi siphulukiswe. Abambalwa abazimele be-autistic bahlanganyela ngaleyo mbono. Ngezinga elikhulu, ukungafani kwemibono kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokungafani kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu. Uma i-autism ikhungatheka ngokweqile noma ibangela ukucindezeleka okungokomzimba noma kwengqondo, ngokuvamile kubonakala njengesiyaluyalu.
Ngendlela efanayo, uma i-autism ingumthombo wekhono nokuqhosha komuntu siqu, ngokuvamile kubonakala njengenzuzo.
Amakhemikhali Neurotypicals Evela Ngombono Wezombono
Kusukela kumbono we-autism, ama-neurotypicals ngokuvamile acatshangwa ukuthi anezici ezithile ezifanayo lapho abantu abane-autism ngokuvamile bengenalutho. Ngokuqondile, ama-neurotypicals acatshangelwa ukuthi:
- babe namakhono anempilo nokuxhumana , okwenza kube lula ngabo ukuthi bahambe ngezinkinga ezintsha noma ezomphakathi;
- ukuthola kulula ukwenza abangane futhi uqale ubudlelwane bomshado nokuqonda "i-ajenda efihlekile" yokuziphatha okulindelekile okusebenzisana ngokushelela emsebenzini nasemiphakathini yomphakathi;
- azikho izinkinga ezithinta izinkinga , ngenxa yalokho abathola kulula ukuzibandakanya ezilungiselelweni ezinkulu, ezigcwele, ezishisayo noma ezibukhali.
Ehlangothini le-flip, ama-neurotypicals ngezinye izikhathi abhekwa phansi ngabantu abaku-autism spectrum ngenxa yokuzimisela kwabo ngokungazelelwe ukuthi balandele umphakathi kanye nomphakathi. Isibonelo, ama-neurotypicals acatshangwa ukuthi angamathuba amaningi kunabantu abane-autism:
- bahlanganyele enkulumweni encane
- tshela amhlophe (noma cha-emhlophe) amanga
- hamba ukuze uhambisane ngisho nalapho kusho ukuziphatha okubi
- ukuphoqa ngokocansi ngaphandle kokubheka kakhulu imiphumela yesikhathi eside ngokomzwelo
- ukuxhaphaza abanye ukuze uthole isimo senhlalo
- ukuncintisana noma umhawu
Kukhona abantu abambalwa kakhulu abafanelana ne-neurotypical stereotype njengoba kuchaziwe ngenhla. Abantu abaningi abangewona ama-autistic abangenakufanelekela ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuthuthukiswayo banamahloni, bangenandaba nomphakathi, futhi kunzima ukuseka nokugcina ubungane nobuhlobo bomshado. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaphezu kwalokho, kunabantu abaningi "abavamile" abagwema i-hookups, ukuxhaphaza, inkulumo encane, nezinye izinkinga zomphakathi ezinenkinga.
> Imithombo
> Larsen, Adam (uMqondisi). I-neurotypical. I-PBS, iphuzu lokubuka. Julayi, 2013.
> Merriam Webster Dictionary. I-neurotypical. UMerriam Webster. Iwebhu. 2017.