Ukukhuthazwa kusiza ukuthi kungani izingane ze-autistic zingase zishaye, zivule, noma ijubane
Igama elithi "ukuvuselela" lincane ukuziphatha okuzivuselelayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa "ukuziphatha okuphambene". Ngomuntu onokuzivocavoca, ukuvusa amadlingozi kuvame ukubhekisela ekuziphatheni okubandakanya ukufaka isandla, ukugwedla, ukuphenya noma ukuphindaphinda kwamazwi nemishwana .
Ukuzijabulisa cishe kuyisibonakaliso se-autism njalo , futhi ngokuvamile kuvame kakhulu. Phela, bambalwa abantu abathuthuka edwaleni, i-flap, ijubane, noma bafake iminwe yabo njalo.
Nakuba ukugqugquzela i-autistic kubonakala kungavamile, noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinhlobo ezincane zokuvuselela nazo ziyingxenye yamaphethini wokuziphatha kwabantu abaningi. Uma uke wathinta ipensela yakho, uyaluma izipikili zakho, ubophe izinwele zakho, noma izinzwane zakho ezithintekile, uhlanganyele ekuvuseleleni.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-autistic nokuvuselela okujwayelekile yihlobo, ubungako, nokusobala kokuziphatha.
Yikuphi Ukuncintisana Okubhekwa Kube Ngamaqabunga?
Ngokuvamile, ukuziphatha okuchazwa ngokuthi "ukugcoba" lapho behamba ngaphezu kwalokho okulindeleke ngokwemvelo. Ngamanye amazwi, "stim" kuyinto yokuziphatha engamukeleki ngokweziko.
Nakuba okungenani kuyamukelwa e-United States ukuluma izipikili zomuntu noma ukubopha izinwele zomuntu, isibonelo, kuthathwa njengokungamukeleki ukuzulazula ezungeze izandla zomuntu. Ukubhukuda okulula futhi okuvame ukuvame ukuvunywa, kepha ukugudluza umzimba wonke emuva nangaphezulu kubhekwa njengengcindezi.
Ayikho isizathu esihle sokuthi ukugwedla kufanele kuvunywe kancane kunokuba ukhonkwane ngezipikili (ngokuqinisekile kuhlanzekile kakhulu!). Kodwa ezweni lethu, ama-flappers esandla abathola ukunakwa okungakahle ngenkathi ama-biters e-nail (okungenani ngezinga elithile) ebekezelelwe.
Amanye ama-stims angase abe kakhulu ngokweqile, futhi avumelana ngokusemthethweni noma abesabeka kubantu abavamile.
Isibonelo, abantu abathile be-autistic bavusa ngokwenza umsindo omkhulu ozwakalayo usongela noma wesabeka. Abanye bazibamba ngezandla zabo, noma baze bashaye amakhanda abo odongeni. Lezi zinhlobo zezinhlanzi ziyinkinga ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene.
Ngabe i-Autistic People Stim nini?
Kubantu abaningi, ukuvuselela kwenzeka kuphela njalo. Nokho, abantu abane-autism, ngokuvamile, bakuthola kunzima ukuyeka ukuvuselela, futhi bangakwenza ngesikhathi esiningi sokuvuka kwabo. Bangase bashukumise ngoba bajabule, bajabule, bakhathazekile, baphelelwe amandla, noma ngoba kuyaduduza. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo, zingase zenze isikhathi eside.
Abaningi bethu bayazi futhi bangakwazi ukulawula ama-stims ethu (singeke silume izipikili zethu, ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi sinesidlo sothando). Uma sizizwa isidingo sokuvuselela esimweni esicindezelayo, sivame ukucophelela ukuba sifihle ngakho. Isibonelo, singase sithinte izinzwane zethu ngaphansi kwetafula kunokuba sigubhe emuva nangaphezulu. Abantu abane-autism, noma kunjalo, bangase bangaboni futhi baziphendule ekuphenduleni kwabanye emidlalweni yabo. Kubukeka sengathi kunezimo lapho abanye abantu abane-autism bengakwazi ukulawula ama-stims abo, noma bakuthole kunzima kakhulu futhi kunzima ukwenza kanjalo.
Kungani Abantu Be-Autistic Benza?
Akucaci ukuthi kungani ukushukumisa cishe kuhamba njalo ne-autism, nakuba ochwepheshe abaningi bethi ithuluzi "lokuzilawula" nokuzihlisa.
Njengalokhu, kungase kube umphumela we- processing sensitivity ukungasebenzi okuvame ukuhambisana ne-autism.
Abantu abane-autism bavuselela ukuzisiza ngokwabo ukuphatha ukukhathazeka, ukwesaba, intukuthelo, injabulo, ukulindela, nezinye izimo ezinamandla. Bakhuthaza futhi ukuzisiza ngokwabo ukusingatha okufakayo okunamandla (umsindo omkhulu, ukukhanya, ukushisa, njll). Kunezikhathi lapho abantu beqala khona umkhuba, njengoba nje abantu bezinyosi beka izipikili zabo, badonsa izinwele zabo, noma badonsa izinyawo zabo ngaphandle komkhuba.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuvuselela kungaba yindawo yokuhlala ewusizo, okwenza kube lula ukuthi umuntu we-autistic asebenze izimo ezinzima.
Uma kuba ukuphazamiseka, kubangela izinkinga zomphakathi, noma kubangela ukulimala ngokomzimba kwabanye noma abanye, noma kunjalo, kungangena endleleni yokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Amathiphu okuPhatha ama-Stims
Ingabe ukuziphatha okukhuthazayo kufanele kuvunyelwe noma "kucime" ngokusebenzisa ukwelashwa? Ngokuvamile, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuziphatha kuyingozi, asikho isizathu sokukuvimbela-kodwa kunezizathu eziningi zokuzilawula. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Ngokungafani nabantu abaningi, abantu abane-autism bangase bazivuselele njalo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuvuselela kungabama phakathi kwabo kanye nokukwazi kwabo ukuxhumana nabanye, ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini evamile, noma ngisho nokufakwa emakilasini ajwayelekile, izindawo zomphakathi, noma izindawo zokuqashwa.
- Ukuzijabulisa kungabangela ukuphazamiseka kwabanye futhi, kwezinye izimo, kungaba khona ngempela ukucasula. Ingane evame ukuhamba phansi noma ukuzibopha ekhanda ngokuqinisekile iyisiphazamiso kubafundi abavamile-nakwezinye izimo ezimbi kakhulu, ukuvuselela kungasabisa ukubukela.
- Ukuzijabulisa kungadonsela ukunakwa okubi. Izingane ezizimele kanye nabantu abadala bavame ukuhlukunyezwa emphakathini ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo okungavamile noma okuphazamisayo.
Ukunciphisa noma ukuguqula izibhamu kungaba yinto ekhohlisayo. Ama-Stims ayithuluzi lokulawula ukufaka okuzwakalayo nokuzizwa ngokomzwelo, ngakho ukumane ujezise ingane ngokuvuselela kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle. Okungenani, inqubo kufanele ihambe kancane futhi iphendule izidingo zomuntu ngamunye.
- I-Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) , ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, ingasiza abantu ukuba baqede noma bashintshe ezinye zazo ezivuselela.
- Abahlinzeka ngemisebenzi banganikeza "ukudla okuzwayo" ukusiza ukunciphisa isidingo samafomu.
- Kwezinye izimo, ukukhuthazwa kungancishiswa ngemithi ekhuluma ngezimpikiswano zokukhathazeka.
- Izindawo ezingokwemvelo nezenhlalakahle zingashintshwa ukuze zenze ingcindezi encane. Amakilasi amancane, izilungiselelo ezinomsoco, nokulindela okucacile konke kungahamba indlela ende yokunciphisa ukucindezeleka.
- Okokugcina, abanye abantu abane-autism bangakwazi ukufunda ngokuzijwayeza nokuqeqesha ukuze bashintshe izibhamu zabo (cindezela ibhola lokucindezeleka kunokuba i-flap, isibonelo) noma bahlanganyele ekukhusheni ngokweqile kuphela emakhaya abo.
Izwi elivela
Ukukhuthazwa akuvamile neze kuyingozi. Kodwa-ke, kungaba namahloni kubazali nakubantakwethu, ukuphazamisa othisha, noma ukuyeka-ukubeka abangane abangase babe nabangane kanye nabo. Ngabe izinga labanye lokukhathazeka kufanele lisho ukuthi abantu be-autistic kufanele baziphathe kanjani? Lona ngumbuzo okufanele uphendule ngabanye abahilelekile, kuhlanganise nomuntu ozimele yena ngokwakhe.
Nakuba kungase kwenzeke ukunciphisa ukugqugquzela, noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuqeda ngokuphelele. Njengomzali noma umnakekeli womuntu one-autism, kungase kudingekile ukwamukela iqiniso lokuthi ilungu lomndeni wakho we-autistic liziphatha ngendlela ehlukile kubangane bakhe abavamile. Lokhu akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma uzwela kakhulu ezinqumweni zabanye. Uma udinga, cabanga ngokufuna ukwelulekwa kochwepheshe ukuze sikusize ukuphatha imizwa yakho nokukhungatheka.
> Imithombo:
> Goldman S. et al. Ama-motor stereotypes ezinganeni ezine-autism nezinye izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa. I-Dev Med Child Neurol. 2009 Jan; 51 (1): 30-8.
> Umkhulu, ithempeli. Kungani izingane ezine-autism zivuselela? I-Autism Digest. Mashi 2014.