Izimpawu Nemithombo Yokwelapha
Funda ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezilwane, izimpawu, nemithombo yokutheleleka.1. I-Protozoa
I-protozoa, ezincane kakhulu, eziphilayo ezifakwe nge-single-celled, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwezilwane ezinambuzane e-United States. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinambuzane, zizala ngokushesha. Benza lokhu emathunjini futhi bangaya kwezinye izitho ezifana nesibindi, amaphaphu, ama-pancrea nenhliziyo. I-protozoa inempilo engapheli.
- I-Giardia lamblia ivela kubantu abathintekayo nezilwane. Idluliselwa ngamanzi, ikakhulukazi ezintabeni zaseRoyy, ukudla, nokuxhumana namazinyo ngokuvamile ngenxa yokuhlanzeka okuhlanzekile nokugeza izandla. UGiardia uphazamisa amathumbu amancane. Kungathatha amasonto amathathu ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu ze-giardia zivele. I-Giardia ingabangela ukutheleleka kwamathumbu emathumbu. Kungaphinda kuvelise isifo sohudo, izisindo ezinomsoco, isicanucanu, izimpungushe zesisu, ukubhubhisa, igesi, amandla aphansi kanye nokulahlekelwa isisindo. Amasampuli amaningi ase-stool ngokuvamile adingekayo ukuze ahlolwe.
- I-Cryptosporidium parvum ivame ukuhanjiswa ngokuxhumana nomswakama womuntu oqukethe ama-cysts aphethwe yizifo, isibonelo, ukuhlanza izandla ezimbi. I-Cryptosporidium parvum idluliselwa emanzini. Liyindawo evame ukwanda kwamanzi e-United States. Kubantu abanamasosha omzimba anempilo, kungabonakali noma izimpawu zingabandakanya ukuhuda kwamanzi okugcina izinsuku ezingaba ngu-10, isicanucanu, ama-cramps nomkhuhlane. Kubantu abangakwazi ukuzivivinya umzimba, kungaba nesifo sohudo esinamandla ebuthakathaka, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, okungasongela impilo.
- Izinhlobo ze-Cyclospora zibonakala ngokuyinhloko kubahambi. Ukuqubukana kwamuva kuye kwahlotshaniswa nemithombo yamanzi engcolile, njenge-Central American raspberries ne-basil. Idluliselwa ngokuxhumana nocingo. Izimpawu zifana ne-giardiasis. Izimpawu ziza futhi zikwazi ukufaka isifo sohudo, izitshalo eziningi zamanzi, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukukhathala, ukubhuka, noma isifo esingenasifo se-gallbladder.
- I-Entamoeba histolytica isakazwa ngamanzi noma kokudla. Izinambuzane zingathwala ama-cysts, njengezimpukane kanye namaphora. Kungathatha izinyanga ezintathu emva kokutheleleka ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele. Ingasakazeka ngokusebenzisa umzila wokugaya futhi uhambe kwezinye izitho. Ngokuvamile, umuntu olelekile uyisithwala esingabonakali. Kungabangela ubuhlungu besisu, ukubhuqa, nokuhuda. Uma kukhona ukubhujiswa kwezicubu emathunjini amakhulu, kungaba nesifo sezinga eliphansi ne-diarrhea egazini.
- I-Toxoplasma gondii yisifo esithathela ngokuvamile amakati. Omunye umthombo we-toxoplasma ungadli inyama. Izimpawu zihlanganisa izimpawu ezifana nemfiva, ikhanda, izintuthwane ezivuvukala, nokukhathala.
- I-Trichomonas vaginalis isakazwa ngokuxhumana kocansi noma ezihlalweni zangasese ezingcolile, amathawula, noma amanzi okugeza. Ngokuvamile azikho izimpawu. Kungabangela ukukhulelwa kwamagciwane, imfucuza yesilonda, nokuvuthwa okubuhlungu kwabesifazane. Emadodeni kungabangela ukwanda kwe-prostate gland nokuvuvukala kwamakhompiyutha.
Lezi yizimpethu ezingenakunyakaziswa. Zenza amaqanda adinga ukufakwa emfubeni enhlabathini noma komunye umkhosi ngaphambi kokuba abe ne-infective kubantu.
- I-roundworm (ascaris lumbricoides) ayibonakali kubantu abaningi. Kucatshangwa ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa emhlabeni bangenwa yi-roundworm. Umthombo wokutheleleka ungcolisa inhlabathi nemifino enamafutha. Izibungu ezindala zihlala emathunjini amancane futhi zingaphuma emlonyeni noma ekhaleni lomuntu onegciwane. Ngezinye izikhathi, kunesithiyo se-pancreatic noma i-bile duct, isithasiselo, noma amathumbu amancane. Ukukhwehlela okumile, umkhuhlane, nokuphazamiseka kokulala kungenzeka. Ukuxilongwa kungukuhlolwa kwesibhakela amaqanda nokuhlolwa kwegazi.
- I-Necator americanus (i-hookworms) idluliselwa ngesikhumba esingenakunyakaziswa ngokuhamba ngezicathulo. Ama-hookworms aya egazini futhi aphethwe ngamaphaphu namathumbu. Ukutheleleka kwe-hookworm ngokuvamile akubonakali. Kungase kube ukushaywa endaweni yesikhumba sokungena. Kukhona izimpawu zokugaya ukudla. Izimpethu zinamathele futhi ziphuze igazi elivela emathunjini amancane, okuholela ekutheni insimbi ilahlekelwe yi-anemia, amandla aphansi, nezimbonakaliso ezinjenge-peptic zesilonda ezinkingeni ezinzima.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) kuvamile e-United States. Idluliselwa ngokudla nokungcoliswa kwamanzi. Izimpethu zihlala emathunjini eduze kwe-rectum nokuhamba ebusuku ngaphandle kwesikhumba ezungeze i-anus. Ukusuka lapho kungadluliselwa ngomuntu oxhumana nomuntu. Kungaba uphawu. Kuvame ukushaywa ubusuku ebusuku eduze kwe-anus. Kukhona futhi izimpawu ezingavamile ezifana nokungahambi kahle, izinkinga zombono, ukuvota, nokuphazanyiswa kwengqondo. Itheyipu ivame ukusetshenziswa endaweni yangasese ebusuku. Uma itekisi isusiwe, izibungu ezindala zingabonakala ngeso elilodwa. Okungenani okungu-5 kuya ku-7 ukuhlolwa kuyadingeka ukulawula ukutheleleka.
- I-Trichuris trichiura (i-whipworm) iyinambuzane emathunjini amakhulu okungajwayelekile ukuthi ibonise izimpawu. Idluliselwa ngokufaka amaqanda emhlabathini noma kwimifino. Izimpawu zokutheleleka okunzima zihlanganisa isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu besisu, i-prolapse prolapse, nokukhula okunamandla.
Ukuziphendulela: Ulwazi oluqukethwe kule sayithi luhloswe ngezinjongo zemfundo kuphela futhi aluthathi iseluleko, ukuxilongwa noma ukwelashwa ngudokotela olayisensi. Akuhloselwe ukumboza zonke izinyathelo zokuqapha, ukusebenzisana kwezidakamizwa, izimo noma imiphumela emibi. Kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha kunoma yiziphi izinkinga zezempilo bese uthintana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokusebenzisa enye imithi noma wenze ushintsho ohlelweni lwakho.
Ama-roundworms nama-Hookworms, aphelile- Ukutheleleka kwe- Trichinella (Trichinella spiralis) ngokuvamile kuvame ukudla ingulube engelapheki. Izinambuzane zihamba zisuka emathunjini zibe izicathulo zesifuba, imfucumfucu, imifino, nengalo engaphezulu. Izimpawu zihlanganisa isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, ubuhlungu obukhulu be-muscle, ukuvuvukala kombuso, ukuphefumula ubunzima noma ukuhlafuna, kanye nezindwangu zamathambo ezikhulisiwe.
- Ukutheleleka kwe-Taenia solium ngokuvamile kuvame ngemuva kokudla ingulube engelapheki, inyama yokubhema noma ama-sausage aqukethe izibungu. Izibungu ezindala zihlanganisa amathumbu. Izimpawu zifana nokutheleleka nge-tapeworm yenkomo. I-Larvae ingaya emathangeni angaphansi kwesisu, isisindo, isimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi, kanye / noma iso, lapho ekugcineni ziba khona ama-cysts lapho umuntu ogulayo ephendula ngokuphendula okuvuthayo okungenzeka emva kweminyaka emine noma emihlanu. Kungaba yimpumputhe, ukugabha, ukulahlekelwa kwegazi, ne-hydrocephalus (ukuvuvukala kwekhanda).
- I-Taenia saginata ( ukutheleleka kwenkomo yenkomo yenkomo) iyenzeka kakhulu kakhulu ngemva kokudla inyama yenkomo ephucukisiwe equkethe izibungu. Ingahlala emathunjini iminyaka engama-25 futhi ikhule ibe ubude obuyizinyawo eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngokuvamile kuvame ukungabonakali, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kubonisa ukukhathazeka kwesisu, ukulahlekelwa isifiso, ukulahlekelwa isisindo kanye nesifo sohudo. Izingxenye zingakwazi ukuphuma ngaphakathi kwe-anus.
- I-Diphyllobothrium latum (inhlanzi yezinhlanzi) ukutheleleka kuvame kakhulu ngenxa yokudla izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile aqukethe izibungu. Inhlanzi yezinhlanzi ingaba ngamamitha angu-15 ubude. Izimpawu azibonakalisi izimpawu zesisu zangasese, njengokulahlekelwa isifiso, ukushaya isisu, isifo sohudo, nesisindo. Ukuntuleka kwe-Vitamin B12 kungase kwenzeke, okuholela ekulepheni kwe-macrocytic kanye nezimpawu ze-neurological ezifana ne-muscle twitches.
- I-Clonorchis sinensis enye imbongolo edluliselwa ngokudla inhlanzi eluhlaza. Izimpethu zihlala endaweni ye-gallbladder, ngakho-ke izinkinga zingabandakanya ama-stomes, ama-gallbladder amatshe, nezinye izifo ze-gallbladder.
Ama-flatworms ama-worms afana namagatsha axhumene nomninindlu usebenzisa ama-suckers amathumbu. Ngokuvamile iqala umjikelezo wayo wokuphila njengemingqamu, bese-ke njengezibungu ezithinta izinhlanzi, izimila noma abantu. Ama-flatworms angaya emaphashini, emathunjini, enhliziyweni, ebuchosheni nasebindi. Amaqanda angabangela ukuvuvukala ngokukhulula ubuthi obulimaza izicubu.
- I-Fluke Emathunjini (Fasciolopsis buski) - lezi zibungu zihlala emathunjini amancane. Zingabangela izilonda zamathumbu namagciwane. Izimpawu ezivamile ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, isicanucanu, nobuhlungu besisu. Ukungcoliswa kwamathumbu emathunjini okuphuma emathunjini kuvela ekudleni imifino enesifo esithintekile, njengama-chestnuts amanzi, ama-bamboo amahlumela, i-watercress.
- I-Oriental Lung Fluke (i-Paragonimus westermani) itholakala kakhulu emazweni ase-Asia. Lezi zibungu zingangena emathunjini bese zihamba ukuya ebuchosheni noma emaphaphu. Izimpawu zokutheleleka zibandakanya ukukhwehlela okungaqondakali kufanelana ne-sputum enegazi. Imithombo yalezi zibungu ihlanganisa ama-crabs angcolile kanye nama-crayfish.
- I-Liver Liver Fluke (i-Fasciola hepatica) isakazwa kakhulu emanzini amanzi ahlanzekile. Isibungu sifinyelela emagqabeni e-gallbladder kanye ne-bile, okwenza ukuvuvukala nokuhlukunyezwa kwendawo. Izimpawu zihlanganisa i-jaundice, i-fever, ukukhwehlela, ukuhlanza, nobuhlungu besisu.
- I-Blood Flukes iyadluliselwa ngokubhukuda emanzini angcolile. Bashaya esikhumbeni bese befudukela enhliziyweni, emaphashini, esibindi, noma kwesinye. Bangaphila emzimbeni iminyaka engaba ngu-30.