Ama-pathogens, noma ama-agent abangela isifo, abenezwe esihlala kulo. Lezi zinambuzane zingeza ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, njengoba zihlukahlukene njengoba zingase zibe uhlobo nohlobo, izifo eziphilayo zonke zinento eyodwa efana: Ukuze kubangele izifo, kufanele bahlasele ngempumelelo impi. Ama-pathogens adluliselwa ngezindlela ezehlukene, kufaka phakathi emoyeni, ubulili, igazi kanye nezinye iziphuzo zomzimba, noma ngomzila we-fecal-oral.
Izinhlobo ze-Pathogens
Ngokujwayelekile, amagciwane ayawela kwesinye sezigaba ezine ezilandelayo:
Amagciwane: Lezi zinxusa ezithathelwanayo ezincane zidinga ukuthi umuntu ophilayo uphinde aphinde aphumelele. Ama-virus enza lokhu ngokungena emzimbeni womuntu futhi ahlasela iseli lapho azikopisha khona futhi asakaze kwamanye amaseli. Izibonelo zamagciwane zivela ezigulini ezincane ezifana nomkhuhlane ovamile kanye nesisu esiswini kumuntu wesifo sokuzivikela komzimba (i-HIV) nesifo sofuba esibhedlela .
Ama-bacteria: Nakuba amabhaktheriya amaningi angabangeli izifo ngakho-ke awawona amagciwane, ezinye zazo eziphilayo ezincane kakhulu, ngokuvamile ezibonakala zibunjwa njengezinduku, imivimbo yemvelo, noma izinhlangothi. Ama-bacteria ngokuvamile amakhulu ngobukhulu kunamagciwane, futhi abantu bangakwazi ukutheleleka kakhudlwana ngemuva kokuba amasosha omzimba asevele ebuthakathaka ngenxa yegciwane. Izibonelo zokutheleleka kwebhaktheriya zifaka umthambo we-strep, i-meningitis, kanye nokudla kwesifo.
Isikhunta : Imvubelo, isikhunta, namakhowe yizo zonke izinhlobo zefungi ezingabangela isifo kubantu.
I-fungi i-eukaryotes, okusho ukuthi amangqamuzana awo aqukethe i-nucleus kanye nezinye izingxenye ezifakwe ngaphakathi kwamakhanda. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kunzima ukuwabulala futhi imishanguzo eminingi etholakalayo ayinamandla kakhulu kunalokho, isibonelo, ama-antibiotics ngenkathi kubangela nemiphumela emibi kumuntu ozithathayo.
Izibonelo zokutheleleka kwe-fungal zifaka izimpungushe, i-hertoplasmosis, kanye nesifo sesisu sesisu sesisu.
Izinambuzane : Lezi zinhlobo zihlala emlonyeni futhi zithola amandla (ukudla) ezivela kulowo muntu, ngokuvamile zidala ukugula kule nqubo. Izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zezifo ezibangelwa izifo zabantu ziyi-protozoa, i-helminths, ne-ectoparasites. Izibonelo zezidumbu ezibangelwa ukugula komuntu yi-tapeworm (okubangela ukugula kokugaya), imikhaza (ebangela isifo seLyme), ne-plasmodium (ebangela ukubalaleveva).
Ukuvikela Ama-Pathogens
Imithi yosuku lwanamuhla inezindlela eziningi zokulwa nezifo ezifuywayo ezifana nemithi yokugoma, ama-antibiotics, namafungicides, kodwa umzimba womuntu unamakhomikhali amaningi okuvikela amagciwane kanye nezifo ezibangela. Isibonelo, amasosha omzimba kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli ezikhiqiza (i-leukocytes, i-neutrophils, ne-antibodies) ekwazi ukulwa nezifo eziphilayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zezibonakaliso zokugula ezifana nokunyundela nokukhwehlela, empeleni umzamo womzimba wokuxosha ama-pathogens emzimbeni.
Eqinisweni, imfiva, ngenkathi icatshangwa njengesibonakaliso sokugula, empeleni iyindlela yomzimba yokuphakamisa izinga lokushisa layo kuze kube yizinga elingenakuthelwa yizifo ezithile. Kuyindlela yokuzivikela esebenzayo engasiza ukubulala amagciwane futhi ubuyisele impilo.
> Umthombo:
> I-Alberts B; Johnson A; Lewis J; et al. (2002). "Isingeniso kuma-Pathogens". Biology Molecular of the Cell (4th ed.). Garland Science.