Umlando, Imiphumela Yaso, nokuthi Ungabumba kanjani Ukuguqulwa Kwezempilo Kwekusasa
Ukuchitshiyelwa kwe-Hyde kuvimbela ukuxhasa izimali zikahulumeni ukuba zisetshenziselwe ukukhokhela isisu-ngaphandle kokunciphisa kakhulu-nganoma yiziphi izinhlelo ezilawulwa nguMnyango WezeMpilo kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu (HHS).
Ukuchitshiyelwa, okwethulwa nguRep. Henry Hyde (R, Illinois), kwanyulwa ngo-1976, kanti nakuba kungakaze kube ngumthetho unomphela, iCongress ivuselele minyaka yonke emashumini amane eminyaka edlule, ifaka umgcini wezindleko zezikweletu zeHHS .
Okuwukuphela kokungaphansi kwe-Hyde Amendment kukhona amacala ahlanganisa ukudlwengula noma ukudlwengula, noma uma impilo yomama isengozini.
Ubani Ubuningi Obathintekayo?
Ukuchitshiyelwa ngokuyinhloko kuthinta abesifazane abakwaMedicaid , kodwa futhi kuqhutshelwa ohlelweni lweNtshuwalense yezeMpilo yezingane , iMisebenzi yezeMpilo yaseNdiya, kanye ne- Medicare (cishe abesifazane abayizigidi abaneminyaka yobudala abaneminyaka engama-80 ubudala abaphethwe yi-Medicare, njengoba uhlelo luhlanganisa labo abakhubazekile ngaphezu kwabasebekhulile).
Futhi okulungiselelwe okufanayo kunqunywe ngaphezu kweminyaka esebenzayo ekuhlinzekeni okuhlinzekwa kwabesifazane besempi (TRICARE), izisebenzi zikahulumeni ezitholakalayo nge-Federal Employee Health Benefits Program, kanye nabesifazane abakhonza ku-Peace Corps.
Ukuvinjelwa kokukhipha isisu kwezisebenzi zokuvolontiya ze-Peace Corps kanye nabesifazane abakhonza empini empeleni bahamba ngaphezu kwezidingo ze-Hyde Amendment, kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-2014 ku-Volunteer Peace Corps, kusukela ngo-1981 kuya ku-2013 kubesifazane besempi.
Umthethosivivinywa we-Peace Corps we-1979 wawuhlanganisa ukuvinjelwa okuphelele kokuvotelwa kwesisu kwazisebenzi zokuzithandela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi udlwenguliwe, u-incest, noma ingozi empilweni yowesifazane. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kwahlala kwaze kwafika ngo-2014, lapho isaziso semali esisha sokwazisa ukukhipha isisu kuVolontiya be-Peace Corps lapho kwenzeka ukudlwengula noma ukudlwengula, noma uma impilo yowesifazane ingasengozini yokuthatha ukukhulelwa isikhathi.
Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, izisebenzi zokuvolontiya ze-Peace Corps zithathe ukukhishwa kwesisu okulingana nalokho okushiwo yi-Hyde Amendment. Okusho ukuthi, cishe akukaze kuhlanganiswe, kodwa lapho kwenzeka ukudlwengula, ukungena emndenini, noma ingozi empilweni yomama, kuwukuthi.
Kusukela ngo-1981, kwabesifazane abakhonza empini, ukukhipha isisu kwahlanganiswa kuphela uma impilo yowesifazane isengozini yokuqhubeka nokukhulelwa. Kodwa ngonyaka ka-2013, ukuhanjiswa kwezempi kwandiswe ukubandakanya ukukhishwa kwesisu lapho kwenzeka ukudlwengula noma ukudlwengula, okwenza kuhambisane ne-Hyde Amendment.
Ukuxilongwa Kwemithi Yokukhipha Isisu
Ngenxa ye-Hyde Amendment, izimali ze-Medicaid zezimali (ezigeleza ngeHHS) azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukukhokhela ukukhipha izisu ngaphandle kwamacala okudlwengula, ukulala naye, noma ingozi empilweni yomama.
Siyabonga ngokuyingxenye kokunwetshwa koMnakekeli wezeMpilo ongenakuthembekile (okwamanje osemngceleni wokulandela ukhetho lukaDonald Trump), abesifazane ababili kwabangu-10 baseMelika abaneminyaka yobudala yokuzala bahlanganiswa yi-Medicaid.
Futhi ukukhipha isisu kutholakala ngokungahambisani nabesifazane abanenzuzo ephansi. Cishe isigamu sokukhipha isisu okwenziwa ngo-2014 kwakungabesifazane abanenzuzo engaphansi kwezinga lobuphofu. Ngaphansi kwe-Career Affordable Act (ACA), wonke umuntu onenzuzo ngaphansi kwezinga lobuphofu uzokwazi ukufinyelela eMedicaid, kodwa kunamabandla angu-19 anqaba ukwandisa iMedicaid, kanti ku-18 kubo, kukhona igebe lokuhlanganisa.
Ngakho-ke abanye besifazane abanenzuzo engaphansi kwezinga lobuphofu abanakho okukhethwa kukho komshwalense wezempilo. Eziningi zezinye zineMedicaid, nakuba i-Hyde Amendment ivimba ukuxhaswa kweMedicaid ye-federal ngezikhathi eziningi.
Kodwa i-Medicaid ixhaswe ngokuhlanganyela yihulumeni nohulumeni. Futhi i-15 ithi isebenzisa izimali zombuso waseMedicaid ukuze kukhishwe izisu ezimweni ezingezinye nje zokudlwengula, ukuxhasana, noma ingozi empilweni yomama:
- Alaska
- California
- Connecticut
- I-Hawaii
- Maryland
- EMassachusetts
- Minnesota
- I-Montana
- E-New Jersey
- I-New Mexico
- I-New York
- Oregon
- Vermont
- Washington
- West Virginia
Iningi lalawo mazwe lenza kanjalo ngenxa yombhoxo wenkantolo.
I-Arizona ne-Illinois nazo zinezinqumo ezifanayo zenkantolo kodwa ziyaqhubeka-ukwephulwa kwemithetho yenkantolo-ukunikeza kuphela imali yokuxoshwa kweMedicaid uma kwenzeka ukudlwengula, ukulala naye, noma ingozi empilweni yomama.
Kuthiwani Ngokuhwebelana Ngomshwalense Wezempilo?
UDonald Trump wanqoba ukhetho lomongameli ngo-2016 futhi uthembise ukuphinda futhi ashintshe i-ACA. Ngakho ikusasa lomthetho liphezulu emoyeni. Kodwa okwamanje, i-Hyde Amendment idlala indima ekunikeleni ukuhlinzeka ngemali futhi ixhaswe ngemali yomshuwalense wezempilo.
I-ACA yasungula umshwalense wezempilo embusweni ngamunye, iningi lawo lilawulwa uhulumeni wesifundazwe nge-HealthCare.gov. Zonke izinhlelo zamakethe ezidayiswa kusukela ngo-2014-kufaka phakathi lezo ezithengiswayo ekuthengiseni-kumele zibandakanye ukufakwa kwezibonelelo eziyishumi ezibalulekile ezichazwe yi-ACA. Nakuba ukunakekelwa kahle kowesifazane, ukukhulelwa kokubeletha, nokutholakala kokubeletha konke okudingekayo, ukukhipha isisu akukona. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinhlelo zezempilo ze-ACA-ezivumelanisiwe azivinjelwe ekugubheni izisu.
Izizwe zingasebenzisa imithetho yazo ngokwayo ukuthi izinhlelo zezempilo ezithengiswayo ekushintsheni zinganikeza ukukhishwa kwesisu. Kusukela ngo-2016, kwakunamazwe angu-25 ayesebenzise imithetho yawo yokuvimbela ukufinyelela kokukhishwa kwesisu kumacebo athengiswa nge-exchange. Iningi labo linikeze okuhlukile okuhambisana ne-Hyde Amendment (okungukuthi, amacala okudlwengula, ukudlwengula, noma ingozi empilweni yomama).
Ukushintshaniswa yindawo kuphela lapho izinsizakalo ze-premium zitholakala khona, futhi ukugqugquzela amalungelo okuzala kubonile ukuthi kulezo zingu-25 zithi (kanye nezinye izifunda eziyisithupha lapho ababheki bomshuwalense bavunyelwe khona ukuhlanganisa ukukhishwa isisu kuma-exchange exchange plans kodwa bakhethe ukungenzi kanjalo ), akukho ukutholakala komshuwalense wezempilo ongabizi ngokukhipha isisu.
Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi lwenkulumo-mpikiswano, abagqugquzeli bayaqaphela ukuthi emazweni lapho ukukhishwa kwesisu ekuthengiseni kuvunyelwe khona, kungaba nzima kubabhalisi be-pro-life ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlelo ezimboza ukukhipha isisu futhi okungenjalo. Kusukela ngo-2016, kwakukhona izimboni ezimbili-eHawaii naseVermont-lapho zonke izinhlelo zokushintshanisa ezitholakalayo zihlanganisa ukukhishwa isisu, ukudala inkinga yokuziphatha yokubhalisa ngokuphikiswa kwefilosofi ekukhipheni isisu.
Izinhlelo zomshuwalense wezempilo ezithengiswa ngezokuhwebelana zixhasiwe kancane ngezimali ze-ACA's premium. Ngakho ukuhambisana ne-Hyde Amendment kudinga inshuwalense yezempilo ezithengiswaneni ezinikeza ukukhishwa kwesisu-ngaphesheya kwemikhawulo encane ku-Hyde Amendment-ukuqoqa izinkokhelo ezimbili ezihlukene ze-premium bese uzigcina kuma-akhawunti ahlukene. Yileyo ndlela abaqinisekisa ngayo ukuthi izinsizakalo zisetshenziselwa ukwehlisa izindleko zokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo ezingahlobene nokukhipha isisu. Kodwa kusukela kumbono womthengi, akusikho okuyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba umthetho uvumela yonke ibhilikhithi ye-premium ukuthi ikhokhwe ngokukhokha okukodwa, futhi umthwali wezinkampani angahlukanisa imali emva kokuthola ukukhokha.
Isivimbela Ekuhlinzekeni KwezeMpilo Ekhokhwa Yodwa
Nakuba behlukunyezwe kakhulu yi-Colorado abavoti okhethweni luka-2016, abameli abakhokha abashadile bazama ukwethula iColorCare , uhlelo lokukhokhelwa kwezempilo olulodwa oluzoqala ukusebenza ngonyaka ka-2019. Isiphakamiso sasinganqikazi, senqatshelwe ngabakwa-Conservatives. Kodwa futhi futhi inqatshelwe amanye amaqembu aqhubekela phambili, okwakuvame ukuba nesiphakamiso sokunakekelwa kwezempilo olulodwa. Enye yezinkinga zabagqugquzeli abaqhubekayo kwakuhlobene nokuxhaswa kwezikweletu.
I-NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado iphikisa iColoradoCare ngezizathu zokuthi izoqeda ukukhishwa kwesisu esifundazweni. Ukukhathazeka kwabo kwakungenxa yokuthi uMthethosisekelo waseColorado, kusukela ngo-1984, wawuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwezimali zikahulumeni ukukhokhela isisu "ngaphandle uma kudingekile ukuvimbela ukufa kwalowo wesifazane noma umntwana ongakazalwa lapho kwenziwa khona umzamo wokugcina impilo yomuntu ngamunye."
I-ColoradoCare izobe ixhaswe nge-inhlanganisela yezimali zikahulumeni nezombusazwe ngaphansi kwe-Affordable Care Act 1332 Innovation waiver. Nakuba ulwazi lwe-ColoradoCare olwenziwa ngaphambi kokhetho aluzange lubhekise ukukhipha isisu nhlobo, abameli be-pro-choice babenomuzwa wokuthi kwakungekho indlela uhlelo oluzokwazi ukukhipha isisu, futhi bakhathazekile ngokuthi abesifazane baseColorado okwamanje ukukhishwa isisu nge umshuwalense wangasese kungalahlekelwa ukufinyelela kokukhishwa kwezisu ngaphansi kweColoradoCare.
Ukukhathazeka okunjalo kwaphawulwa lapho uSenenja uBernie Sanders (D, Vermont) ehlongoza indlela yakhe yokuthenga "Medicare for All". Njengoba uhlelo lukaSanders luzoqeda kakhulu izinhlelo ezizimele (lapho kutholakala khona ukukhipha izisu kutholakala kabanzi) futhi kufakwe esikhundleni somshuwalense wezempilo ophethwe ngumfelandawonye owengamele i-HHS (futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihambelane ne-Hyde Amendment) izigidi zabesifazane ziyolahlekelwa ukukhishwa kwesisu somshuwalense wokukhipha isisu .
Kodwa ukunakekelwa kwe-single-payer kuphelile ngokuphelele etafuleni lekusasa elibikezelayo, ngokulandela ukunqoba kukaTruth ukhetho lomongameli kanye neningi leRiphabhuliki eNdlu naseSenate.
Ingabe Ukuchitshiyelwa Kwe-Hyde Kuzohlanganiswa Emthethweni?
UMengameli okhethiwe uDonald Trump wathi kaningi ngesikhathi emkhankasweni wakhe wokuthi wayephikisa ukukhipha isisu. Futhi nakuba iwebhusayithi yakhe yomkhankaso engabandakanyi ukubhekhipha isisu endaweni yakhe yokunakekelwa kwezempilo, iwebhusayithi yayo yokuguqula isifinyezo esifushane sokulungisa isimo sezempilo esikusho ngokuqondile ukuthi ukuPhatha kwakhe kuzosebenza "ukuvikela impilo yabantu abangenacala kusukela ekukhulelwe kuze kube sekufeni kwemvelo."
Ngesikhathi amaDemokhrasi kanye noHillary Clinton becela ukukhipha i-Hyde Amendment ngokuphelele, i- Republican Party Platform yacela ukuyihlanganisa ibe ngumthetho . Indlu yabaMamele yadlulisa umthetho ngo-2011 okwakungenza i-Hyde Amendment ibe ngumthetho unomphela, kodwa ayizange idlule iSénate.
NgoSepthemba 2016, uTrump wabhala incwadi lapho ephindaphinda khona ngokuphikisana nokukhipha isisu, kuhlanganise nezinhlelo zakhe zokuqoka amacala okuvimbela isisu eNkantolo Ephakeme, nesifiso sakhe sokwenza i-Hyde Amendment ibe ngumthetho unomphela.
Kuhlala kubonakala ukuthi i-Hyde Amendment izoba yunaphakade. Njengamanje, singacabanga ukuthi ngesikhathi esincane kakhulu, sizoqhubeka nokwengezwa kumabhilikhithi wezezimali zekusasa elibikezelayo.
> Imithombo:
> I-ACLU Fact Sheets on Peace Corps Ukukhipha Isisu, 2014
> Bernie 2016, Medicare for All.
> Kaiser Family Foundation, Ukuhlinzekwa Kwezinsizakalo Zokukhipha Isisu ku-Medicidal, Plans Marketplace, kanye nezinhlelo ezizimele. NgoJanuwari 20, 2016.
> Kaiser Family Foundation, I-Hyde Amendment kanye Nokuhlinzeka Ngezinsizakalo Zokukhipha Isisu, September 30, 2016.
> I-NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado. I-NARAL Pro-Choice Colorado ibika ukuphikisa ukuchitshiyelwa 69. NgoJuni 22, 2016.