Kwezinye izindawo kanye nezimo zezwe, izilwane ezihlukahlukene ezinobuthi zingakhula futhi zibe yingozi yangempela kubantu abaseduze. Ukuluma kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka, iziphepho, izinhlanzi kanye nezinambuzane ezithile, kungabangela ushintsho olwenziwe ngokomzimba emzimbeni obangela ukukhubazeka kwegazi kanye nokushaya kwesisu.
I-Venom ekhishwe esilwaneni noma isilwane sezilwane singase sibe nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali engabangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha engaphazamisa ukuphefumula nokusebenza kwenhliziyo ngemiphumela engase ibulale.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlungu zingaphazamisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwegazi, zenze ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile, kushukumise ukukhululwa kwe-hormone nokushintsha imithwalo yegazi. Le miphumela ingenzeka ngokuzumayo kungazelelwe futhi ingase ibe nzima ngenxa yokuqhuma kwesifo esivuliwe emzimbeni wesisulu.
Izinyoka ziyabamba
Kukhona imibiko eminingi yezinyosi zokuphuza izinyoka ezibangelwa izimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha-njenge-stroke. Inyoka enyoka, engatholakala ezindaweni eziningi kuwo wonke umhlaba, ibonwe njengomthombo wesifo kubantu. Inhlungu ekhishwe ekutheni isisulu sokulinywa kwesisulu iqukethe amakhemikhali amaningi enza ukuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi nomzimba womuntu.
Imiphumela ye-toxin ihlanganisa ukuphuma kwegazi okweqile, okubangela ukubola kwesimiso ezinxenyeni eziningi zomuntu olimele. Futhi ngokuthakazelisayo, ngezinye izikhathi izidakamizwa ezithombeni zidala umphumela ohlukile, okubangelwa ama-blood clots ebuchosheni noma kwezinye izakhiwo zomzimba.
Ezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi, ezifana ne-rattlesnake, isifo sofuba esimisweni somuntu omele ukulimala, okubangela inhlanganisela yokuphuma kwegazi kanye negazi emzimbeni wonke. Amaprotheni afana ne-metalloproteinase, i-serine proteases, ne-C-type lectin, etholakala enjobweni yenyoka, ine-antiticoagulation nomsebenzi we-pro-coagulation.
Ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kuhlanganisa ukulwa nesifo kanye nokuhlolwa okuphuthumayo kwezokwelapha nokunakekelwa, kuhlanganise nokuphefumula, ukusekela inhliziyo kanye nezinso. Izikhazamiso zokwelashwa okuphumelelayo zibikiwe uma kunokulibaziseka ekukhoneni okuphindwe ngamaphekula kanye nokuphathwa kwe-anti-venom.
Izibungu ze-Spider
Izibungu zesicabucabu zihambisana nokukhubazeka kwemisipha ngenxa yesenzo esiqondile sama-neurotoxins ekudluliseni kwegazi nesisindo. Ukukhubazeka kwe-muscle kungabhekisela kunoma yikuphi imisipha emzimbeni wonke, kufaka phakathi imisipha exhasa imisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuphefumula nokushaya kwenhliziyo. Inhlamba ye-spider nayo ingabangela ukucindezeleka okukhulu kwe-coagulation, okwenza kube nesifo.
Ngokufana nokuphathwa kwezokwelapha izinyoka ezimbi, ukulawulwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo zokulunywa kwe-spider kuhlanganisa ukujova okusheshayo nokuqaphile kokwelashwa kwe-venom.
Scorpions
Ukugquma kwezinhlobo ezithile ze-scorpions kungabangela imiphumela eminingi yokusongela impilo, kuhlanganise nokungahambi kahle kwenhliziyo, ukukhubazeka komzimba, nokukhubazeka kokuphefumula. Ukwengeza, isifo se-scorpion singaphazamisa ngokuqondile inqubo evamile elawula ukuphuma kwegazi nokweqa igazi. I-Scorpion ihamba yenza umsebenzi owedlulele wama-catecholamines, okuyi-hormone ezithokozayo.
Ukwelashwa kwama-catecholamines kungadala izinguquko ezimbi kakhulu emzimbeni wegazi, ubukhulu bomzila wegazi we-cerebral, nokuphendula okungavamile kwenhliziyo.
Iminenke
Iningi lezinkukhu alimazi. Kunezinye izinhlanzi zasolwandle ezondla izinhlanzi futhi zingabangela ukulimala kubantu ngenxa yesifo sabo-okungase kubangele ukukhubazeka.
Izwi elivela
Ukulunywa kwesilwane kungabhubhisa isisulu. Ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo kuyadingeka njalo, njengoba izimpawu ezisongela ukuphila zingase ziguquke ngokushesha. Izinhlobo zesilwane zasendabuko ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi indawo yendawo yemvelo nesimo sezulu, kanti abasebenzi bezokwelapha eziphuthumayo bangase bajwayele izingozi zezilwane zasendlini kanye nokwelashwa kwabo okuphumelelayo.
Ukunakekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe ngokuvamile kudingekile ukulwa nemiphumela yomzimba yezingxenye eziyingozi zenhlungu. Ngokuvamile, ukuphathwa kwe-anti-venom kuyadingeka ukuyeka isenzo esilondoloziwe sezinto ezinobuthi ezijowe nge-bite noma i-sting.
Ngenkathi ungase ungacabangi ukuthatha 'selfie' impendulo efanelekayo enyoka noma ngokushaya, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuthatha isithombe sesilwane, njengokuhlonza kwezinhlobo ezikuthandayo ukuze uthole ilungelo eliphikisayo lokuvimbela ikusasa izinkinga zezokwelapha.
> Imithombo:
> I-Antivenom yokukhubazeka kwe-Neuromuscular Ukusuka Ku-Snake Okungenayo, uSilva A, uHodgson WC, Umphikisi we-GK, Ubuthi (Basel). 2017 Apr 19; 9 (4). i-pii: E143. i-doi: 10.3390 / amakhemikhali9040143.
> Association of ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebral stroke ngenxa ye-envenomation enzima yi-viper Sahara (Cerastes cerastes), Aissaoui Y, Hammi S, Chkoura K, Ennafaa I, Boughalem M, Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique, Agasti 2013
> Ukulimala kwabantu kanye nokufa ngenxa yamanqamu ashisayo omkhumbi weConidae yomndeni, Kohn AJ, Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Jul; 54 (7): 524-38. i-doi: 10.5414 / CP202630.
> I-Ischemic Stroke Ngemuva kwe-Wasp Sting, Kulhari A, Rogers A, Wang H, Kumaraswamy VM, Xiong W, DeGeorgia M, J Emerg Med. 2016 Aug 18.
> Imiphumela ye-neurological ye ukukhala okumnandi kanye nezibhamu: izinyoka, izicabucabu, nama-scorpions, u-Del Brutto OH, i-Handbook of Clinical Neurology, ngo-Julayi 2013